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Fulltext A new Salmonella type: Salmonella seremban

Frisby BR, Hollos D

J R Army Med Corps, 1954 Jan;100(1):55-6.
PMID: 13131351

A new Salmonella type is described, for which the name Salmonella seremban is proposed; it has the antigenic formula IX, XIII, XII 2, XIIa; i=l, 3, 5. It was the apparent cause of a number of human cases of food poisoning at Seremban, Malaya.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacteriology*
Bacteriology for general practitioners

Jegathesan M

Family Practitioner, 1987;10:18-20.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacteriology
THE BACTERIOLOGY OF GASTROENTERITIS IN CHILDREN BELOW THE AGE OF TWO YEARS

CHAN KE, LUCAS JK

Med J Malaysia, 1964 Dec;19:145-9.
PMID: 14279238
Matched MeSH terms: Bacteriology*
Fulltext Bacterial identification process using BactFinder© mobile application

Nadiawati Alias, Nor Hasima Mahmod, Noor Afiza Badaluddin, Mohammad Khairul Asyraf Ridzuan

Jurnal Inovasi Malaysia, 2019;2(2):1-18.
MyJurnal

BactFinder© is an interactive and mobile application built to facilitate bacteria identification. As widely known, bacteria are composed of large domains of prokaryotic microorganisms which are various in types, hence the identification of these bacterial groups requires a systematic and orderly identification process. Through this mobile app, experimental results from biochemical and bacterial morphological tests carried out in the laboratory before hand must be submitted to the application before bacterial identification can be performed. Previously, academics user and students have to refer to many references such as research books and related academic journals in order to finalise their bacteria identification. This process, of course, will take relatively longer time and less effective. This BactFinder© mobile application is equipped with a database of 19 types of biochemical tests including bacteria morphology. The database was built based on Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and other related scientific journals. The BactFinder© mobile app has been proved able to provide fast (± 2 seconds) and precise responses in helping students and academics user in the process of identifying bacteria species in the lab. This application is also suitable for undergraduate, post-graduate and academicians in the field of microbiology, biotechnology and science in general.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacteriology
Fulltext Genotypic to Phenotypic Resistance Discrepancies Identified Involving β-Lactamase Genes, blaKPC, blaIMP, blaNDM-1, and blaVIM in Uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae

Urmi UL, Nahar S, Rana M, Sultana F, Jahan N, Hossain B, et al.

Infect Drug Resist, 2020;13:2863-2875.
PMID: 32903880 DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S262493

Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) belongs to the Group-A β-lactamases that incorporate serine at their active site and hydrolyze various penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) are group-B enzymes that contain one or two essential zinc ions in the active sites and hydrolyze almost all clinically available β-lactam antibiotics. Klebsiella pneumoniae remains the pathogen with the most antimicrobial resistance to KPC and MBLs.
Methods: This research investigated the blaKPC, and MBL genes, namely, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaNDM-1 and their phenotypic resistance to K. pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections (UTI) in Bangladesh. Isolated UTI K. pneumoniae were identified by API-20E and 16s rDNA gene analysis. Their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance was examined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, followed by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. blaKPC, blaIMP, blaNDM-1, and blaVIM genes were evaluated by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and confirmed by sequencing.
Results: Fifty-eight K. pneumoniae were identified from 142 acute UTI cases. Their phenotypic resistance to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, cephalexin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and imipenem were 98.3%, 100%, 96.5%, 91.4%, 75.1%, respectively. Over half (31/58) of the isolates contained either blaKPC or one of the MBL genes. Individual prevalence of blaKPC, blaIMP, blaNDM-1, and blaVIM were 15.5% (9), 10.3% (6), 22.4% (13), and 19% (11), respectively. Of these, eight isolates (25.8%, 8/31) were found to have two genes in four different combinations. The co-existence of the ESBL genes generated more resistance than each one individually. Some isolates appeared phenotypically susceptible to imipenem in the presence of blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaNDM-1 genes, singly or in combination.
Conclusion: The discrepancy of genotype and phenotype resistance has significant consequences for clinical bacteriology, precision in diagnosis, the prudent selection of antimicrobials, and rational prescribing. Heterogeneous phenotypes of antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be taken seriously to avoid inappropriate diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacteriology
Fulltext Molecular detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) isolates in raw chicken meat

Aklilu, E., Nurhardy, A.D., Mokhtar, A., Zahirul, I.K., Siti Rokiah, A.

International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(1):322-325.
MyJurnal

Multi-drug resistant staphylococci including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) are among the emerging
pathogens and have become a threat to both human and animals. Foods of animal origin can
easily be contaminated by these bacteria if handled unhygienically or exposed to contaminated
environmental surfaces. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of MRSA
and MRSE in raw chicken meat sold at wet markets in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. One
hundred fresh raw chicken meat samples were collected from three different wet markets in
Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Routine isolation and identification, selective media (Brilliance MRSA2
agar), antimicrobial sensitivity test (AST), minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC), and
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of nucA gene and the resistant gene, mecA
were conducted. Based on bacteriology results and growth on selective media, MRSA and
MRSE were detected in 43% (43/100) of the raw chicken meat samples. Using the PCR assay,
77% (34/43) isolates were positive for nucA gene. The detection of these emerging multidrug
resistant bacteria in chicken meat intended for human consumption implies the potential
contamination of food items by the bacteria which in turn may pose risk to the public health.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacteriology
Fulltext Sputum bacteriology and in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility in hospitalized patients with community acquired pneumonia in a state tertiary-referral hospital – a retrospective study

Chin, Yow-Wen, Loh, Li-Cher, Wong, Thim-Fatt, Abdul Razak Muttalif

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2007;1(2):74-79.
MyJurnal

Introduction: To review the sputum bacteriology and its in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a state tertiary-referral Hospital (Penang hospital, Malaysia) in order to determine the most appropriate empiric antibiotics.
Methods: From September 2006 to May 2007, 68 immunocompetent adult patients [mean age: 52 years (range 16-89); 69% male] admitted to respiratory wards for CAP with positive sputum isolates within 48 hours of admission were retrospectively identified and reviewed.
Results: 62 isolates were Gram(-) bacilli (91%) & 6 were Gram(+) cocci (9%). The two commonest pathogens isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=20) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=19) together constituted 57% of all positive isolates. Among the Pseudomonas isolates, 84.2% were fully sensitive to cefoperazone and cefoperazon/sulbactam; 95% to ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin and amikacin, and 100% to gentamycin, netilmycin, imipenem and meropenem. Among the Klebsiella isolates, 5.3% were fully sensitive to ampicillin; 84.2% to amoxicillin, ampicllin/sulbactam, cefuroxime and ceftriazone; 89.5% to piperacillin/ tazobactam; 93.3% to cefoperazon/sulbactam and 100% sensitive to ceftazidime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, all aminoglycosides and carbopenems.
Conclusion: In view of the high prevalence of respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ampicillin/ sulbactam, currently the most prescribed antibiotic to treat CAP in our respiratory wards, may not be the most appropriate empiric choice. Higher generation cephalosporins with or without beta-lactamase inhibitors, ciprofloxacin or carbapenem may be the more appropriate choices. The lack of information on patients’ premorbidities such as recent hospitalization and prior antibiotic exposure, limits the interpretation of our findings and may have biased our results towards higher rates of Gram negative organisms.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacteriology