Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 107 in total

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  1. Fulltext Clinical Investigation of Chemotherapeutic Resistance and miRNA Expressions in Head and Neck Cancers: A Thorough PRISMA Compliant Systematic Review and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis
    Jayaraj R, Polpaya K, Kunale M, Kodiveri Muthukaliannan G, Shetty S, Baxi S, et al.
    Genes (Basel), 2022 Dec 10;13(12).
    PMID: 36553594 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122325
    Background: Chemoresistance is a significant barrier to combating head and neck cancer, and decoding this resistance can widen the therapeutic application of such chemotherapeutic drugs. This systematic review and meta-analysis explores the influence of microRNA (miRNA) expressions on chemoresistance in head and neck cancers (HNC). The objective is to evaluate the theragnostic effects of microRNA expressions on chemoresistance in HNC patients and investigate the utility of miRNAs as biomarkers and avenues for new therapeutic targets. Methods: We performed a comprehensive bibliographic search that included the SCOPUS, PubMed, and Science Direct bibliographic databases. These searches conformed to a predefined set of search strategies. Following the PRISMA guidelines, inclusion and exclusion criteria were framed upon completing the literature search. The data items extracted were tabulated and collated in MS Excel. This spreadsheet was used to determine the effect size estimation for the theragnostic effects of miRNA expressions on chemoresistance in HNC, the hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The comprehensive meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model. Heterogeneity among the data collected was assessed using the Q test, Tau2, I2, and Z measures. Publication bias of the included studies was checked using the Egger's bias indicator test, Orwin and classic fail-safe N test, Begg and Mazumdar rank collection test, and Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill methods. Results: After collating the data from 23 studies, dysregulation of 34 miRNAs was observed in 2189 people. These data were gathered from 23 studies. Out of the 34 miRNAs considered, 22 were up-regulated, while 12 were down-regulated. The TaqMan transcription kits were the most used miRNA profiling platform, and miR-200c was seen to have a mixed dysregulation. We measured the overall pooled effect estimate of HR to be 1.516 for the various analyzed miRNA at a 95% confidence interval of 1.303-1.765, with a significant p-value. The null hypothesis test's Z value was 5.377, and the p-value was correspondingly noted to be less than 0.0001. This outcome indicates that the risk of death is determined to be higher in up-regulated groups than in down-regulated groups. Among the 34 miRNAs that were investigated, seven miRNAs were associated with an improved prognosis, especially with the overexpression of these seven miRNAs (miR15b-5p, miR-548b, miR-519d, miR-1278, miR-145, miR-200c, Hsa- miR139-3p). Discussion: The findings reveal that intricate relationships between miRNAs' expression and chemotherapeutic resistance in HNC are more likely to exist and can be potential therapeutic targets. This review suggests the involvement of specific miRNAs as predictors of chemoresistance and sensitivity in HNC. The examination of the current study results illustrates the significance of miRNA expression as a theragnostic biomarker in medical oncology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  2. Fulltext Addressing the Clinical Feasibility of Adopting Circulating miRNA for Breast Cancer Detection, Monitoring and Management with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Platforms
    Ling L, Aldoghachi AF, Chong ZX, Ho WY, Yeap SK, Chin RJ, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2022 Dec 06;23(23).
    PMID: 36499713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315382
    Detecting breast cancer (BC) at the initial stages of progression has always been regarded as a lifesaving intervention. With modern technology, extensive studies have unraveled the complexity of BC, but the current standard practice of early breast cancer screening and clinical management of cancer progression is still heavily dependent on tissue biopsies, which are invasive and limited in capturing definitive cancer signatures for more comprehensive applications to improve outcomes in BC care and treatments. In recent years, reviews and studies have shown that liquid biopsies in the form of blood, containing free circulating and exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), have become increasingly evident as a potential minimally invasive alternative to tissue biopsy or as a complement to biomarkers in assessing and classifying BC. As such, in this review, the potential of miRNAs as the key BC signatures in liquid biopsy are addressed, including the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning platforms (ML), in capitalizing on the big data of miRNA for a more comprehensive assessment of the cancer, leading to practical clinical utility in BC management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  3. Fulltext CCAT 1- A Pivotal Oncogenic Long Non-Coding RNA in Colorectal Cancer
    Liau XL, Salvamani S, Gunasekaran B, Chellappan DK, Rhodes A, Ulaganathan V, et al.
    Br J Biomed Sci, 2023;80:11103.
    PMID: 37025163 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2023.11103
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the third most common cancer and second deadliest cancer in both men and women in the world. Currently, the cure rate and 5-year survival rate of CRC patients remain relatively low. Therefore, discovering a novel molecular biomarker that can be used to improve CRC screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment would be beneficial. Long non-coding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT 1) has been found overexpressed in CRC and is associated with CRC tumorigenesis and treatment outcome. CCAT 1 has a high degree of specificity and sensitivity, it is readily detected in CRC tissues and is significantly overexpressed in both premalignant and malignant CRC tissues. Besides, CCAT 1 is associated with clinical manifestation and advanced features of CRC, such as lymph node metastasis, high tumor node metastasis stage, differentiation, invasion, and distant metastasis. In addition, they can upregulate oncogenic c-MYC and negatively modulate microRNAs via different mechanisms of action. Furthermore, dysregulated CCAT 1 also enhances the chemoresistance in CRC cells while downregulation of them reverses the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. In brief, CCAT 1 serves as a potential screening, diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in CRC, it also serves as a potential therapeutic marker to treat CRC patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  4. Association of microRNA-21 expression with breast cancer subtypes and its potential as an early biomarker
    Lee SH, Brianna
    Pathol Res Pract, 2024 Feb;254:155073.
    PMID: 38218039 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155073
    Breast cancer has become the most diagnosed cancer worldwide in 2020 with high morbidity and mortality rates. The alarming increase in breast cancer incidence has sprung many researchers to focus on developing novel screening tests to identify early breast cancer which will allow clinicians to provide timely and effective treatments. With much evidence supporting the notion that the deregulation of miRNAs (a class of non-coding RNA) greatly contributes to cancer initiation and progression, the promising role of miRNAs as cancer biomarkers is gaining traction in the research world. Among the upregulated miRNAs identified in breast carcinogenesis, miR-21 was shown to be significantly expressed in breast cancer tissues and bodily fluids of breast cancer patients. Therein, this review paper aims to provide an overview of breast cancer, the role and significance of miR-21 in breast cancer pathogenesis, and its potential as a breast cancer biomarker. The paper also discusses the current types of tumor biomarkers and their limitations, the presence of miR-21 in extracellular vesicles and plasma, screening methods available for miRNA detection along with some challenges faced in developing diagnostic miR-21 testing for breast cancer to provide readers with a comprehensive outlook based on using miR-21 in clinical settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  5. Multi-region sampling with paired sample sequencing analyses reveals sub-groups of patients with novel patient-specific dysregulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Jeon AJ, Teo YY, Sekar K, Chong SL, Wu L, Chew SC, et al.
    BMC Cancer, 2023 Feb 03;23(1):118.
    PMID: 36737737 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10444-3
    BACKGROUND: Conventional differential expression (DE) testing compares the grouped mean value of tumour samples to the grouped mean value of the normal samples, and may miss out dysregulated genes in small subgroup of patients. This is especially so for highly heterogeneous cancer like Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).

    METHODS: Using multi-region sampled RNA-seq data of 90 patients, we performed patient-specific differential expression testing, together with the patients' matched adjacent normal samples.

    RESULTS: Comparing the results from conventional DE analysis and patient-specific DE analyses, we show that the conventional DE analysis omits some genes due to high inter-individual variability present in both tumour and normal tissues. Dysregulated genes shared in small subgroup of patients were useful in stratifying patients, and presented differential prognosis. We also showed that the target genes of some of the current targeted agents used in HCC exhibited highly individualistic dysregulation pattern, which may explain the poor response rate.

    DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the importance of identifying patient-specific DE genes, with its potential to provide clinically valuable insights into patient subgroups for applications in precision medicine.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  6. Fulltext High Expression of PXMP4 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues
    Zhao MM, Awang Z, Jumuddin FAB
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2024 Feb 01;25(2):603-608.
    PMID: 38415547 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.2.603
    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the high expression of peroxisome membrane protein 4 (PXMP4) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical significance.

    METHODS: The expression of PXMP4 mRNA in HCC tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues was detected by Q-PCR, and the expression of PXMP4 protein was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The correlation of PXMP4 protein expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis of HCC was analyzed.

    RESULTS: The expression levels of PXMP4 mRNA and protein in HCC tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P < 0.05), and its high expression was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion and TNM stage (P < 0.05). Patients with high expression of PXMP4 had a poor prognosis (P < 0.05).

    CONCLUSION: The high expression of PXMP4 may promote the occurrence and development of HCC, and inhibition of PXMP4 may be one of the potential molecular targets for targeted therapy of HCC.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  7. Fulltext Image-based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues: translational implications. A report of the International Immuno-oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer
    Jahangir CA, Page DB, Broeckx G, Gonzalez CA, Burke C, Murphy C, et al.
    J Pathol, 2024 Mar;262(3):271-288.
    PMID: 38230434 DOI: 10.1002/path.6238
    Recent advances in the field of immuno-oncology have brought transformative changes in the management of cancer patients. The immune profile of tumours has been found to have key value in predicting disease prognosis and treatment response in various cancers. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence have emerged as potent tools for the simultaneous detection of multiple protein biomarkers in a single tissue section, thereby expanding opportunities for molecular and immune profiling while preserving tissue samples. By establishing the phenotype of individual tumour cells when distributed within a mixed cell population, the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers with high-throughput multiplex immunophenotyping of tumour samples has great potential to guide appropriate treatment choices. Moreover, the emergence of novel multi-marker imaging approaches can now provide unprecedented insights into the tumour microenvironment, including the potential interplay between various cell types. However, there are significant challenges to widespread integration of these technologies in daily research and clinical practice. This review addresses the challenges and potential solutions within a structured framework of action from a regulatory and clinical trial perspective. New developments within the field of immunophenotyping using multiplexed tissue imaging platforms and associated digital pathology are also described, with a specific focus on translational implications across different subtypes of cancer. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  8. Salivaomics in head and neck cancer
    Saravanan C, S M N Mydin RB, Mohamed Sheriff NR, Kaur G, Singh Dhaliwal S, Musa MY
    Clin Chim Acta, 2025 Jan 15;565:119952.
    PMID: 39216814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119952
    Salivaomics is a promising method for the early detection and monitoring of head and neck cancer (HNC). By analyzing salivary proteomics, RNA, and DNA, it identifies biomarkers that distinguish HNC patients from healthy individuals. Saliva's non-invasive, easily collectible nature and affordability make it an advantageous screening tool. Multiomics approaches, which explore genetic mutations, gene expression patterns, protein profiles, and metabolite levels, provide a comprehensive molecular perspective that enhances clinical applicability. The approaches enhance the precision of diagnoses, enable the development and application of targeted therapies, and contribute to the overall advancement of personalized medicine. Despite its potential, larger-scale studies are essential for validating biomarkers, and assessing sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity in detecting HNC. This review highlights salivaomics' potential as a non-invasive, accessible biological sample for early disease detection in HNC and underscores the value of multiomics in advancing this research. Salivaomics offers significant insights into the underlying mechanisms of HNC, enabling the discovery of robust, non-invasive biomarkers for improved disease management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  9. RAS and BRAF genes as biomarkers and target for personalised colorectal cancer therapy: An update
    Ooi ZS, Pang SW, Teow SY
    Malays J Pathol, 2022 Dec;44(3):415-428.
    PMID: 36591710
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains among the most commonly diagnosed cancers and has been on the rise. It is also one of the most lethal diseases globally, being the third leading cause of cancerrelated death. Depending on the stages and disease conditions, CRC is treated by surgery, chemo-, radio-therapy, immunotherapy or in combination. However, these therapies have subpar results with unwanted side effects, hence continuous effort is ongoing to explore new type of therapeutic modalities. Among the sub-types of CRC, KRAS, BRAF and NRAS mutated CRC comprise approximately 43%, 10% and 3% of the total cases, respectively. These mutations are associated with tumour progression and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) treatment resistance. Due to their important role in CRC, these genes have thus become targets in the development of novel treatments. In this paper, we discuss the current and upcoming treatment on CRC by targeting these mutated genes, with more focus on KRAS and BRAF due to the higher occurrence of mutations in CRC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  10. Fulltext Molecular Classification, Treatment, and Genetic Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Review
    Lu B, Natarajan E, Balaji Raghavendran HR, Markandan UD
    Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2023;22:15330338221145246.
    PMID: 36601658 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221145246
    Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Triple-negative breast cancers do not express estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and have a higher recurrence rate, greater metastatic potential, and lower overall survival rate than those of other breast cancers. Treatment of triple-negative breast cancer is challenging; molecular-targeted therapies are largely ineffective and there is no standard treatment. In this review, we evaluate current attempts to classify triple-negative breast cancers based on their molecular features. We also describe promising treatment methods with different advantages and discuss genetic biomarkers and other prediction tools. Accurate molecular classification of triple-negative breast cancers is critical for patient risk categorization, treatment decisions, and surveillance. This review offers new ideas for more effective treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and identifies novel targets for drug development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  11. MicroRNAs and colorectal cancer: clinical potential and regulatory networks
    Osei GY, Adu-Amankwaah J, Koomson S, Beletaa S, Asiamah EA, Smith-Togobo C, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2023 Nov;50(11):9575-9585.
    PMID: 37776413 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08810-w
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious global health concern, with a high incidence and mortality rate. Although there have been advancements in the early detection and treatment of CRC, therapy resistance is common. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a type of small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression, are key players in the initiation and progression of CRC. Recently, there has been growing attention to the complex interplay of miRNAs in cancer development. miRNAs are powerful RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and have been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including carcinogenesis. By identifying current challenges and limitations of treatment strategies and suggesting future research directions, this review aims to contribute to ongoing efforts to enhance CRC diagnosis and treatment. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the role miRNAs play in CRC carcinogenesis and explores the potential of miRNA-based therapies as a treatment option. Importantly, this review highlights the exciting potential of targeted modulation of miRNA function as a therapeutic approach for CRC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  12. Fulltext Clinical Theragnostic Relationship between Chemotherapeutic Resistance, and Sensitivity and miRNA Expressions in Head and Neck Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol
    Shaw P, Raymond G, Senthilnathan R, Kumarasamy C, Baxi S, Suresh D, et al.
    Genes (Basel), 2021 Dec 20;12(12).
    PMID: 34946979 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122029
    Background: The microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding single-stranded RNAs typically 19-25 nucleotides long and regulated by cellular and epigenetic factors. These miRNAs plays important part in several pathways necessary for cancer development, an altered miRNA expression can be oncogenic or tumor-suppressive. Recent experimental results on miRNA have illuminated a different perspective of the molecular pathogenesis of head and neck cancers. Regulation of miRNA can have a detrimental effect on the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. This miRNA-induced chemoresistance can influence the prognosis and survival rate. The focus of the study is on how regulations of various miRNA levels contribute to chemoresistance in head and neck cancer (HNC). Recent findings suggest that up or down-regulation of miRNAs may lead to resistance towards various chemotherapeutic drugs, which may influence the prognosis. Methods: Studies on miRNA-specific chemoresistance in HNC were collected through literary (bibliographic) databases, including SCOPUS, PubMed, Nature, Elsevier, etc., and were systematically reviewed following PRISMA-P guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol). We evaluated various miRNAs, their up and downregulation, the effect of altered regulation on the patient's prognosis, resistant cell lines, etc. The data evaluated will be represented in the form of a review and meta-analysis. Discussion: This meta-analysis aims to explore the miRNA-induced chemoresistance in HNC and thus to aid further researches on this topic. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018104657.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  13. Fulltext Epigenetic Biomarkers and the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Opisthorchis viverrini-associated Cholangiocarcinoma: A Scoping Review on Therapeutic Opportunities
    Kafle A, Suttiprapa S, Muhammad M, Tenorio JCB, Mahato RK, Sahimin N, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2024 Sep;18(9):e0012477.
    PMID: 39236081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012477
    BACKGROUND: Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are pivotal in regulating gene expression pathways related to inflammation and cancer. While there is substantial research on epigenetic markers in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), Opisthorchis viverrini-induced cholangiocarcinoma (Ov-CCA) is overlooked as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) with limited representation in the literature. Considering the distinct etiological agent, pathogenic mechanisms, and pathological manifestations, epigenetic research plays a pivotal role in uncovering markers and potential targets related to the cancer-promoting and morbidity-inducing liver fluke parasite prevalent in the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS). Emerging studies highlight a predominant hypermethylation phenotype in Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) tumor tissues, underscoring the significance of abnormal DNA methylation and histone modifications in genes and their promoters as reliable targets for Ov-CCA.

    PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Relevant published literature was identified by searching major electronic databases using targeted search queries. This process retrieved a total of 81 peer-reviewed research articles deemed eligible for inclusion, as they partially or fully met the pre-defined selection criteria. These eligible articles underwent a qualitative synthesis and were included in the scoping review. Within these, 11 studies specifically explored Ov-CCA tissues to investigate potential epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This subset of 11 articles provided a foundation for exploring the applications of epigenetics-based therapies and biomarkers for Ov-CCA. These articles delved into various epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, and examined genes with aberrant epigenetic changes linked to deregulated signalling pathways in Ov-CCA progression.

    CONCLUSIONS: This review identified epigenetic changes and Wnt/β-catenin pathway deregulation as key drivers in Ov-CCA pathogenesis. Promoter hypermethylation of specific genes suggests potential diagnostic biomarkers and dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin-modulating genes contributes to pathway activation in Ov-CCA progression. Reversible epigenetic changes offer opportunities for dynamic disease monitoring and targeted interventions. Therefore, this study underscores the importance of these epigenetic modifications in Ov-CCA development, suggesting novel therapeutic targets within disrupted signalling networks. However, additional validation is crucial for translating these novel insights into clinically applicable strategies, enhancing personalised Ov-CCA management approaches.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  14. Role of miRNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
    Masood Y, Kqueen CY, Rajadurai P
    Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 2015 Feb;15(2):183-97.
    PMID: 25367254 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.978294
    Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Evidence suggests that miRNAs play an important role in progression, recurrence, metastasis and postoperative survival of HNSCC. Studies have investigated the utility of miRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic tools and as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers that may improve the management and outcomes of HNSCC. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on aberrant expression profiles of miRNAs in biopsy samples of HNSCC and their role in cancer development, metastasis, prognosis and survival of these patients. This review gives an overview that miRNAs deregulation play major role in the development of HNSCC. They offer the potential to be used as biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets. Future research is required to test their use in both of these fields.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  15. MicroRNAs: biogenesis, roles for carcinogenesis and as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis
    Kavitha N, Vijayarathna S, Jothy SL, Oon CE, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(18):7489-97.
    PMID: 25292018
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of 20-24 nucleotides that play important roles in carcinogenesis. Accordingly, miRNAs control numerous cancer-relevant biological events such as cell proliferation, cell cycle control, metabolism and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and concepts concerning the biogenesis of miRNAs, miRNA roles in cancer and their potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis including the regulation of key cancer-related pathways, such as cell cycle control and miRNA dysregulation. Moreover, microRNA molecules are already receiving the attention of world researchers as therapeutic targets and agents. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of microRNAs has the potential not only to identify their roles in cancer, but also to exploit them as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and identify therapeutic targets for new drug discovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics*
  16. Highly sensitive covalently functionalised integrated silicon nanowire biosensor devices for detection of cancer risk biomarker
    Mohd Azmi MA, Tehrani Z, Lewis RP, Walker KA, Jones DR, Daniels DR, et al.
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2014 Feb 15;52:216-24.
    PMID: 24060972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.08.030
    In this article we present ultra-sensitive, silicon nanowire (SiNW)-based biosensor devices for the detection of disease biomarkers. An electrochemically induced functionalisation method has been employed to graft antibodies targeted against the prostate cancer risk biomarker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) to SiNW surfaces. The antibody-functionalised SiNW sensor has been used to detect binding of the 8-OHdG biomarker to the SiNW surface within seconds of exposure. Detection of 8-OHdG concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml (3.5 nM) has been demonstrated. The active device has been bonded to a disposable printed circuit which can be inserted into an electronic readout system as part of an integrated Point of Care (POC) diagnostic. The speed, sensitivity and ease of detection of biomarkers using SiNW sensors render them ideal for eventual POC diagnostics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  17. Fulltext Gender-Specific Molecular and Clinical Features Underlie Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
    De Rienzo A, Archer MA, Yeap BY, Dao N, Sciaranghella D, Sideris AC, et al.
    Cancer Res, 2016 Jan 15;76(2):319-28.
    PMID: 26554828 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-0751
    Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer that occurs more frequently in men, but is associated with longer survival in women. Insight into the survival advantage of female patients may advance the molecular understanding of MPM and identify therapeutic interventions that will improve the prognosis for all MPM patients. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing of tumor specimens from 10 MPM patients and matched control samples to identify potential driver mutations underlying MPM. We identified molecular differences associated with gender and histology. Specifically, single-nucleotide variants of BAP1 were observed in 21% of cases, with lower mutation rates observed in sarcomatoid MPM (P < 0.001). Chromosome 22q loss was more frequently associated with the epithelioid than that nonepitheliod histology (P = 0.037), whereas CDKN2A deletions occurred more frequently in nonepithelioid subtypes among men (P = 0.021) and were correlated with shorter overall survival for the entire cohort (P = 0.002) and for men (P = 0.012). Furthermore, women were more likely to harbor TP53 mutations (P = 0.004). Novel mutations were found in genes associated with the integrin-linked kinase pathway, including MYH9 and RHOA. Moreover, expression levels of BAP1, MYH9, and RHOA were significantly higher in nonepithelioid tumors, and were associated with significant reduction in survival of the entire cohort and across gender subgroups. Collectively, our findings indicate that diverse mechanisms highly related to gender and histology appear to drive MPM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  18. MicroRNAs and Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancers
    Mutalib NS, Yusof AM, Mokhtar NM, Harun R, Muhammad R, Jamal R
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016;17(1):25-35.
    PMID: 26838219
    Lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been shown to be associated with increased risk of locoregional recurrence, poor prognosis and decreased survival, especially in older patients. Hence, there is a need for a reliable biomarker for the prediction of LNM in this cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene translation or degradation and play key roles in numerous cellular functions including cell-cycle regulation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and migration. Various studies have demonstrated deregulation of miRNA levels in many diseases including cancers. While a large number of miRNAs have been identified from PTCs using various means, association of miRNAs with LNM in such cases is still controversial. Furthermore, studies linking most of the identified miRNAs to the mechanism of LNM have not been well documented. The aim of this review is to update readers on the current knowledge of miRNAs in relation to LNM in PTC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  19. Fulltext Identification of diagnostic markers in colorectal cancer via integrative epigenomics and genomics data
    Kok-Sin T, Mokhtar NM, Ali Hassan NZ, Sagap I, Mohamed Rose I, Harun R, et al.
    Oncol Rep, 2015 Jul;34(1):22-32.
    PMID: 25997610 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3993
    Apart from genetic mutations, epigenetic alteration is a common phenomenon that contributes to neoplastic transformation in colorectal cancer. Transcriptional silencing of tumor-suppressor genes without changes in the DNA sequence is explained by the existence of promoter hypermethylation. To test this hypothesis, we integrated the epigenome and transcriptome data from a similar set of colorectal tissue samples. Methylation profiling was performed using the Illumina InfiniumHumanMethylation27 BeadChip on 55 paired cancer and adjacent normal epithelial cells. Fifteen of the 55 paired tissues were used for gene expression profiling using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST array. Validation was carried out on 150 colorectal tissues using the methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) technique. PCA and supervised hierarchical clustering in the two microarray datasets showed good separation between cancer and normal samples. Significant genes from the two analyses were obtained based on a ≥2-fold change and a false discovery rate (FDR) p-value of <0.05. We identified 1,081 differentially hypermethylated CpG sites and 36 hypomethylated CpG sites. We also found 709 upregulated and 699 downregulated genes from the gene expression profiling. A comparison of the two datasets revealed 32 overlapping genes with 27 being hypermethylated with downregulated expression and 4 hypermethylated with upregulated expression. One gene was found to be hypomethylated and downregulated. The most enriched molecular pathway identified was cell adhesion molecules that involved 4 overlapped genes, JAM2, NCAM1, ITGA8 and CNTN1. In the present study, we successfully identified a group of genes that showed methylation and gene expression changes in well-defined colorectal cancer tissues with high purity. The integrated analysis gives additional insight regarding the regulation of colorectal cancer-associated genes and their underlying mechanisms that contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  20. Polycythaemia Vera among Sudanese Patients with Special Emphasis on JAK2 Mutations
    Ibrahim IK, Hassan R, Ali EW, Omer A
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 Jan 25;20(1):41-44.
    PMID: 30677867
    Background: In recent years, a somatic point mutation in the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) gene (1849 G→T, V617F)
    has been reported to occur in over 90% of patients with polycythemia vera (PV). Another JAK2 mutation in exon 12
    had been described and shown capable of activating erythropoietin signaling pathways. Objective: In this study, we
    aimed to determine the frequency of Jak2 mutations (JAK2V617F and JAK2 exon 12) as well as their relationships
    with hematological parameters in Sudanese patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). A comparison with
    findings of published studies from other geographic regions was included. Materials and Methods: From each of
    a total of 83 polycythaemia patients, six milliliters (ml) of venous blood were collected and processed for molecular
    analysis and measurement of serum erythropoietin level by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The JAK2 V617F
    mutation was determined using an allele-specific competitive blocker (ACB) -PCR assay and High Resolution Melting
    (HRM) analysis was applied for the JAK2 exon 12 mutation. Results: According to patients’ history and the results
    for EPO levels, nine (10.7 %) out of 83 patients were found to have secondary polycythaemia and 74 (89.3%) PV. The
    overall frequency of the 2 JAK2 mutations was 94.6% in our Sudanese PV patients, JAK2V617F being found in 91%
    and JAK2 exon 12 mutations in 8.1%.Conclusion: In summary JAK2 V617F and JAK2 exon 12 mutations are very
    common in Sudanese PC cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics*
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