MyMedR

Displaying all 9 publications

Abstract:

Sort:

Movement disorder in a patient with stroke

Tai ML, Tan CT, Ramli N, Begum RJ, Lim SY

J Clin Neurosci, 2011 Feb;18(2):263, 305.
PMID: 21294301
Matched MeSH terms: Dyskinesias/diagnosis; Dyskinesias/etiology*; Dyskinesias/pathology
Fulltext Hyperglycemia-induced involuntary movements: what you should know

Tan, T.L., Mohd Fazrul, M.

Medicine & Health, 2018;13(1):237-242.
MyJurnal

Hemichorea-hemiballismus (HC-HB) is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements involving limbs on one side of the body. Many etiological factors were identified and these included stroke, infection, and neoplasm. However, acute hyperglycemia-induced HC-HB is less well known. We present two cases of non-ketotic hyperglycemia-induced HC-HB. The cases depicted here Illustrate that HC-HB can be the sole presentation from among a variety of neurological manifestations of poorly controlled diabetes which can be easily reversed when hyperglycemia is corrected.

Matched MeSH terms: Dyskinesias
Fulltext Unilateral striatal CT and MRI changes secondary to non-ketotic hyperglycaemia

Johari B, Hanafiah M, Shahizon AM, Koshy M

BMJ Case Rep, 2014;2014.
PMID: 24792025 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-204053

A 62-year-old man presented with a right-sided hemichorea-hemiballismus secondary to underlying non-ketotic hyperglycaemia. This condition is recognised to have a unique finding of unilateral basal ganglia lesion, which is hyperdense on CT and hyperintense on T1-weighted MRI. The clinical course of this condition is benign and has a good prognosis with early correction of the hyperglycaemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Dyskinesias/etiology; Dyskinesias/pathology*; Dyskinesias/radiography
Fulltext Hemiballismus in Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus

Jaafar J, Rahman RA, Draman N, Yunus NA

Korean J Fam Med, 2018 May;39(3):200-203.
PMID: 29788710 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2018.39.3.200

Hemiballismus, a subtype of chorea, is a rare movement disorder, and is most commonly found secondary to stroke. Movements are involuntary, violent, coarse, and have a wide amplitude. There is increasing report of hemiballismus occurring in non-ketotic hyperglycemia. Spontaneous improvements or remissions were observed in many patients, and treatment should be directed towards the cause of hemiballismus. There is no randomized control trial to guide clinicians in deciding the best treatment option when managing hemiballismus. Symptomatic treatment includes the use of drugs such as dopamine receptor blocker and tetrabenazine. Surgical treatment is reserved for severe, persistent, and disabling hemiballismus. This case is of an elderly woman with long standing uncontrolled diabetes who presented with abnormal movement in her left upper limb for 2 months, which resolved slowly with good control of her glucose levels. Treating physicians need to have a high index of suspicion to prevent mismanagement of the condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Dyskinesias
Fulltext Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis in Association with Herpes Simplex Virus and Viral and Bacterial Zoonoses

Yan Hung SK, Hiew FL, Viswanathan S

Ann Indian Acad Neurol, 2019 1 30;22(1):102-103.
PMID: 30692769 DOI: 10.4103/aian.AIAN_232_18

Multiple co-infections can predispose a patient to autoimmune encephalitis. Out of thirty cases of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis seen at a single tertiary referral center, only two cases of co-infection with NMDAR encephalitis were identified. One of these cases was highly interesting due to the presence of more than one co-infections along with the presence of cortical dysfunction, seizures, and orofacial dyskinesias at the onset in a male in the absence of tumors, which was refractory to initial treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Dyskinesias
Involuntary movements in an elderly woman with recently diagnosed diabetes

Lim SY, Ramli N, Tai SM, Nair SR

J Clin Neurosci, 2011 Apr;18(4):539, 590.
PMID: 21476221
Matched MeSH terms: Dyskinesias/etiology*
Pivotal Role of Fyn Kinase in Parkinson's Disease and Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia: a Novel Therapeutic Target?

Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Julian T, Shaikh MF, Piperi C

Mol Neurobiol, 2021 Apr;58(4):1372-1391.
PMID: 33175322 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02201-z

The exact etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains obscure, although many cellular mechanisms including α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative damage, excessive neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis are implicated in its pathogenesis. There is still no disease-modifying treatment for PD and the gold standard therapy, chronic use of levodopa is usually accompanied by severe side effects, mainly levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Hence, the elucidation of the precise underlying molecular mechanisms is of paramount importance. Fyn is a tyrosine phospho-transferase of the Src family nonreceptor kinases that is highly implicated in immune regulation, cell proliferation and normal brain development. Accumulating preclinical evidence highlights the emerging role of Fyn in key aspects of PD and LID pathogenesis: it may regulate α-synuclein phosphorylation, oxidative stress-induced dopaminergic neuronal death, enhanced neuroinflammation and glutamate excitotoxicity by mediating key signaling pathways, such as BDNF/TrkB, PKCδ, MAPK, AMPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, and NMDAR axes. These findings suggest that therapeutic targeting of Fyn or Fyn-related pathways may represent a novel approach in PD treatment. Saracatinib, a nonselective Fyn inhibitor, has already been tested in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease, and novel selective Fyn inhibitors are under investigation. In this comprehensive review, we discuss recent evidence on the role of Fyn in the pathogenesis of PD and LID and provide insights on additional Fyn-related molecular mechanisms to be explored in PD and LID pathology that could aid in the development of future Fyn-targeted therapeutic approaches.

Matched MeSH terms: Dyskinesias
Fulltext Embelin Protects Against Acute Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures and Positively Modulates Cognitive Function in Adult Zebrafish

Kundap UP, Choo BKM, Kumari Y, Ahmed N, Othman IB, Shaikh MF

Front Pharmacol, 2019;10:1249.
PMID: 31708779 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01249

Purpose of the research: Epilepsy is a continuous process of neurodegeneration categorized by an enduring tendency to generate uncontrolled electrical firing known as seizures causing involuntary movement all over the body. Cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances are among the more alarming co-morbidities of epilepsy. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) were found to be successful in controlling epilepsy but are reported to worsen cognitive status in patients. Embelin (EMB) is a benzoquinone derived from the plant Embelia ribes and is reported to have central nervous system (CNS) activity. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of EMB against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced acute seizures and its associated cognitive dysfunction. This was done via docking studies as well as evaluating neurotransmitter and gene expression in the zebrafish brain. The principal results: Behavioral observations showed that EMB reduced epileptic seizures and the T-maze study revealed that EMB improved the cognitive function of the fish. The docking study of EMB showed a higher affinity toward gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor as compared to the standard diazepam, raising the possibility of EMB working via the alpha subunit of the GABA receptor. EMB was found to modulate several genes, neurotransmitters, and also neuronal growth, all of which play an important role in improving cognitive status after epileptic seizures. Healthy zebrafish treated with EMB alone were found to have no behavioral and biochemical interference or side effects. The immunohistochemistry data suggested that EMB also promotes neuronal protection and neuronal migration in zebrafish brains. Major Conclusions: It was perceived that EMB suppresses seizure-like behavior via GABAA receptor pathway and has a positive impact on cognitive functions. The observed effect was supported by docking study, T-maze behavior, neurotransmitter and gene expression levels, and immunohistology study. The apparatus such as the T-maze and seizure scoring behavior tank were found to be a straightforward technique to score seizure and test learning ability after acute epileptic seizures. These research findings suggest that EMB could be a promising molecule for epilepsy induced learning and memory dysfunction.

Matched MeSH terms: Dyskinesias
Development of the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis

Lim JA, Lee ST, Moon J, Jun JS, Kim TJ, Shin YW, et al.

Ann Neurol, 2019 03;85(3):352-358.
PMID: 30675918 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25421

OBJECTIVE: There is no scale for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In this study, we aimed to develop a novel scale for rating severity in patients with diverse AE syndromes and to verify the reliability and validity of the developed scale.
METHODS: The key items were generated by a panel of experts and selected according to content validity ratios. The developed scale was initially applied to 50 patients with AE (development cohort) to evaluate its acceptability, reproducibility, internal consistency, and construct validity. Then, the scale was applied to another independent cohort (validation cohort, n = 38).
RESULTS: A new scale consisting of 9 items (seizure, memory dysfunction, psychiatric symptoms, consciousness, language problems, dyskinesia/dystonia, gait instability and ataxia, brainstem dysfunction, and weakness) was developed. Each item was assigned a value of up to 3 points. The total score could therefore range from 0 to 27. We named the scale the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE). The new scale showed excellent interobserver (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.97) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.96) reliability for total scores, was highly correlated with modified Rankin scale (r = 0.86, p

Matched MeSH terms: Dyskinesias/etiology; Dyskinesias/physiopathology