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[Importance of twin research in preventive medicine and future perspective. Gene-environment interaction research in epigenetics era]

Hayakawa K

Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi, 2011 Jan;66(1):29-30.
PMID: 21358129

The importance of twin research in the field of preventive medicine is described from the viewpoint of gene-environment interaction. The recent advancements in twin research in Japan and other countries are the major topics in this paper. The historical background of the Japan Society for Twin Studies is described. The Center for Twin Research of Osaka University is also described as the first center of this kind in Japan. The advancement of epigenetic research is described as a new global trend of twin research, particularly in European countries. Other new trends in twin research in Asian countries, such as China, Indonesia, Russia, Iran, and Malaysia, are also described.

Matched MeSH terms: Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology*
Fulltext A gene co-expression network model identifies yield-related vicinity networks in Jatropha curcas shoot system

Govender N, Senan S, Mohamed-Hussein ZA, Wickneswari R

Sci Rep, 2018 Jun 15;8(1):9211.
PMID: 29907786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27493-z

The plant shoot system consists of reproductive organs such as inflorescences, buds and fruits, and the vegetative leaves and stems. In this study, the reproductive part of the Jatropha curcas shoot system, which includes the aerial shoots, shoots bearing the inflorescence and inflorescence were investigated in regard to gene-to-gene interactions underpinning yield-related biological processes. An RNA-seq based sequencing of shoot tissues performed on an Illumina HiSeq. 2500 platform generated 18 transcriptomes. Using the reference genome-based mapping approach, a total of 64 361 genes was identified in all samples and the data was annotated against the non-redundant database by the BLAST2GO Pro. Suite. After removing the outlier genes and samples, a total of 12 734 genes across 17 samples were subjected to gene co-expression network construction using petal, an R library. A gene co-expression network model built with scale-free and small-world properties extracted four vicinity networks (VNs) with putative involvement in yield-related biological processes as follow; heat stress tolerance, floral and shoot meristem differentiation, biosynthesis of chlorophyll molecules and laticifers, cell wall metabolism and epigenetic regulations. Our VNs revealed putative key players that could be adapted in breeding strategies for J. curcas shoot system improvements.

Matched MeSH terms: Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology*
Current Genetic and Epigenetic Insights into Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Alam F, Kamal MA, Islam MA, Banu S

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets, 2019;19(6):717-718.
PMID: 31530259 DOI: 10.2174/187153031906190724104004
Matched MeSH terms: Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology*
DNA methylation of membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase in Malaysian schizophrenia patients

Nour El Huda AR, Norsidah KZ, Nabil Fikri MR, Hanisah MN, Kartini A, Norlelawati AT

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2018 Apr;72(4):266-279.
PMID: 29160620 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12622

AIM: This study examined catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) DNA methylation in the peripheral blood of schizophrenia patients and also in healthy controls to investigate its potential use as a peripheral biomarker of schizophrenia and its relations with the clinical variables of schizophrenia patients.
METHODS: We examined the DNA methylation levels of COMT using genomic DNA from the peripheral blood of schizophrenia patients (n = 138) and healthy control participants (n = 132); all were Malaysian Malays. The extracted DNA was bisulfite converted, and the percentage methylation ratio value was calculated based on the results following a MethyLight protocol analysis.
RESULTS: The percentage methylation ratio of COMT was lower in schizophrenia than it was in the healthy controls (P

Matched MeSH terms: Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology*
Reprogramming cancer cells: overview & current progress

Lim KL, Teoh HK, Choong PF, Teh HX, Cheong SK, Kamarul T

Expert Opin Biol Ther, 2016 07;16(7):941-51.
PMID: 27070264 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1174211

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is a disease with genetic and epigenetic origins, and the possible effects of reprogramming cancer cells using the defined sets of transcription factors remain largely uninvestigated. In the handful of publications available so far, findings have shown that reprogramming cancer cells changed the characteristics of the cells to differ from the parental cancer cells. These findings indicated the possibility of utilizing reprogramming technology to create a disease model in the laboratory to be used in studying the molecular pathogenesis or for drug screening of a particular cancer model.
AREAS COVERED: Despite numerous methods employed in generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from cancer cells only a few studies have successfully reprogrammed malignant human cells. In this review we will provide an overview on i) methods to reprogram cancer cells, ii) characterization of the reprogrammed cancer cells, and iii) the differential effects of reprogramming on malignancy, epigenetics and response of the cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents.
EXPERT OPINION: Continued technical progress in cancer cell reprogramming technology will be instrumental for more refined in vitro disease models and ultimately for the development of directed and personalized therapy for cancer patients in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology*
Fulltext Potential mechanisms linking psychological stress to bone health

Ng JS, Chin KY

Int J Med Sci, 2021;18(3):604-614.
PMID: 33437195 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50680

Chronic psychological stress affects many body systems, including the skeleton, through various mechanisms. This review aims to provide an overview of the factors mediating the relationship between psychological stress and bone health. These factors can be divided into physiological and behavioural changes induced by psychological stress. The physiological factors involve endocrinological changes, such as increased glucocorticoids, prolactin, leptin and parathyroid hormone levels and reduced gonadal hormones. Low-grade inflammation and hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system during psychological stress are also physiological changes detrimental to bone health. The behavioural changes during mental stress, such as altered dietary pattern, cigarette smoking, alcoholism and physical inactivity, also threaten the skeletal system. Psychological stress may be partly responsible for epigenetic regulation of skeletal development. It may also mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and bone health. However, more direct evidence is required to prove these hypotheses. In conclusion, chronic psychological stress should be recognised as a risk factor of osteoporosis and stress-coping methods should be incorporated as part of the comprehensive osteoporosis-preventing strategy.

Matched MeSH terms: Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology