Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 46 in total

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  1. Dzulkarnain AAA, Shahrudin FA, Jamal FN, Marzuki MN, Mazlan MNS
    Am J Audiol, 2020 Dec 09;29(4):838-850.
    PMID: 32966099 DOI: 10.1044/2020_AJA-20-00049
    Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of stimulus repetition rates on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) to Level-Specific (LS) CE-Chirp and click stimuli at multiple intensity levels in normal-hearing adults. Method A repeated-measure study design was used on 13 normal-hearing adults. ABRs were acquired from the study participants using LS CE-Chirp and click stimuli at four stimulus repetition rates (19.1, 33.3, 61.1, and 81.1 Hz) and four intensity levels (80, 60, 40, and 20 dB nHL). The ABR test was stopped at 40-nV residual noise level. Results High-stimulus repetition rates caused the ABR latencies to be longer and have reduced amplitudes in both ABR to LS CE-Chirp and click stimuli. The ABR to LS CE-Chirp Wave I, III, and V amplitudes were larger than ABR to click in almost all the stimulus repetition rates. However, there were no differences in the number of averages required to reach the stopping criterion between ABR to LS CE-Chirp and click stimulus, and between high-stimulus repetition rates and low-stimulus repetition rates. Conclusion The LS CE-Chirp at standard low-stimulus repetition rates can be used to elicit ABR for both neurodiagnostic and threshold seeking procedure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem*
  2. Dzulkarnain AA, Wan Mhd Pandi WM, Wilson WJ, Bradley AP, Sapian F
    Int J Audiol, 2014 Aug;53(8):514-21.
    PMID: 24702636 DOI: 10.3109/14992027.2014.897763
    To determine if a computer simulation can be used to improve the ability of audiology students to analyse ABR waveforms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem*
  3. Noorhassim I, Kaga K, Nishimura K
    Am J Otolaryngol, 1996 1 1;17(1):31-5.
    PMID: 8801813
    PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to find the relationship between pure-tone audiometry results and the auditory brainstem response wave abnormalities.

    SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) from 22 patients (44 ears) with diagnosed noise-induced permanent hearing loss were studied. Three indices of PTA were average thresholds of 0.5 kHz/, /1 kHz, and 2 kHz (PTA1); 2 kHz and 4 kHz (PTA2); and 4 kHz (PTA3) were subdivided into 3 thresholds of hearing. Their relationships with ABR results were analysed. The patterns of PTA from various groups of ABR wave patterns were studied.

    RESULTS: In this study, the abnormal ABR wave patterns were detected in 72.7% of the ears. The ears with prolonged ABR wave latency, absent early waves, prolong interpeak wave I-V latency was 20.5%, 18.2%, and 21.1%, respectively. Normal ABRs were recorded in 27.3% of the ears despite marked thresholds elevation of the PTA at high frequencies. Other relationships between PTA results and ABR wave results were discussed.

    CONCLUSION: There were relationships between severity of noise-induced hearing loss indicated by PTA and the patterns of ABR wave abnormalities among workers with noise-induced permanent hearing loss.

    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem*
  4. Boo NY
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2008 Dec;37(12 Suppl):60-3.
    PMID: 19904452
    Auditory neuropathy is defined by the presence of normal evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and absent or abnormal auditory brainstem responses (ABR). The sites of lesion could be at the cochlear inner hair cells, spiral ganglion cells of the cochlea, synapse between the inner hair cells and auditory nerve, or the auditory nerve itself. Genetic, infectious or neonatal/perinatal insults are the 3 most commonly identified underlying causes. Children usually present with delay in speech and language development while adult patients present with hearing loss and disproportionately poor speech discrimination for the degree of hearing loss. Although cochlear implant is the treatment of choice, current evidence show that it benefits only those patients with endocochlear lesions, but not those with cochlear nerve deficiency or central nervous system disorders. As auditory neuropathy is a disorder with potential long-term impact on a child's development, early hearing screen using both OAE and ABR should be carried out on all newborns and infants to allow early detection and intervention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem
  5. ‘Afaf Ezzaty Abdul Rahim, Ahmad Aidil Arafat Dzulkarnain
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different inter-stimulus intervals to the Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential (CAEP) findings in adult participants. Nineteen normal hearing individuals aged between 20 and 24 years old participated in this study. CAEP were measured by presenting 1000 Hz tone burst stimulus at 70dBnHL at three different inter-stimulus intervals (ISI)s of 2000, 909 and 555 ms in randomized order. Results revealed significant changes in the CAEP’s amplitude as a function of ISI with a reduction of P1-N1 amplitude of up to 50%. N2 peak was absent in some subjects using short ISI (555 ms). This study concluded that the use of very short ISI (e.g. 555 ms) may not be appropriate clinically because it can reduce the CAEP wave amplitude
    and can cause an absence of peak N2. In contrast, the use of short ISI may be useful for other clinical applications that may benefit from neural habituation and refractoriness, for example to predict the potential future outcome of speech and mental disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory
  6. Dzulkarnain AAA, Azizi AK, Sulaiman NH
    J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2020 Dec;15(6):495-501.
    PMID: 33318741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.08.007
    Objective: This study aims to investigate the auditory sensory gating capacity in Huffaz using an auditory brainstem response (ABR) test with and without psychological tasks.

    Methods: Twenty-three participants were recruited for this study. The participants were comprised of 11 Huffaz who memorized 30 chapters of the Islamic Scripture (from the Quran) and 12 non-Huffaz as the control group. All participants had normal hearing perception and underwent an ABR test with and without psychological tasks. The ABR was elicited at 70 dB nHL using a 3000 Hz tone burst stimulus with a 2-0-2 cycle at a stimulus repetition rate of 40 Hz. The ABR wave V amplitude and latencies were measured and statistically compared. A forward digit span test was also conducted to determine participants' working memory capacity.

    Results: There were no significant differences in the ABR wave V amplitudes and latencies between Huffaz and non-Huffaz in ABR with and without psychological tasks. There were also no significant differences in the ABR wave V amplitudes and latencies in both groups of ABR with and without psychological tasks. In addition, no significant differences were identified in the digit span working memory score between both groups.

    Conclusions: In this study, based on the ABR findings, Huffaz showed the same auditory sensory gating capacity as the non-Huffaz group. The ABR result was consistent with the digit span working memory test score. This finding implies that both groups have similar working memory performance. However, the conclusion is limited to the specific assessment method that we used in this study.

    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem
  7. Jamal FN, Arafat Dzulkarnain AA, Shahrudin FA, Marzuki MN
    J Audiol Otol, 2021 Jan;25(1):14-21.
    PMID: 32575950 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2020.00073
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is growing interest in the use of the Level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp® stimulus in auditory brainstem response (ABR) due to its ability to produce prominent ABR waves with robust amplitudes. There are no known studies that investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp® stimulus. The present study aims to investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp® stimulus and compare its reliability with the ABR to standard click stimulus at multiple intensity levels in normal-hearing adults.

    SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eleven normal-hearing adults participated. The ABR test was repeated twice in the same clinical session and conducted again in another session. The ABR was acquired using both the click and LS CE-Chirp® stimuli at 4 presentation levels (80, 60, 40, and 20 dBnHL). Only the right ear was tested using the ipsilateral electrode montage. The reliability of the ABR findings (amplitudes and latencies) to the click and LS CE-Chirp® stimuli within the same clinical session and between the two clinical sessions was calculated using an intra-class correlation coefficient analysis (ICC).

    RESULTS: The results showed a significant correlation of the ABR findings (amplitude and latencies) to both stimuli within the same session and between the clinical sessions. The ICC values ranged from moderate to excellent.

    CONCLUSIONS: The ABR results from both the LS CE-Chirp® and click stimuli were consistent and reliable over the two clinical sessions suggesting that both stimuli can be used for neurological diagnoses with the same reliability.

    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem
  8. Ibrahim IA, Ting HN, Moghavvemi M
    Int J Health Sci (Qassim), 2018 9 12;12(5):25-34.
    PMID: 30202405
    Objectives: The hearing process in the brain is very complicated and hard to solve. However, an understanding of the hearing process is an essential issue and needed in many rehabilitation or treatment applications. This study investigates and compares the effects of simple and complex sounds on latency and amplitude of various event-related potential (ERP) components to male ethnic Malay adults. Comparisons were made with previous studies.

    Materials and Methods: Simple and complex sounds were used (pure tones and the naturally produced Malay consonant-vowels [CVs]) to evoke the cortical auditory-evoked potential (CAEP) signals. Moreover, this study analyzed the influence of related CAEP components that are distinct to the selected population and determined which of the ERP components among (CAEP) components is most affected by the two distinct stimuli. Moreover, the study used classification algorithms to discover the ability of the brain in distinguishing CAEP evoked by stimuli contrasts.

    Results: The results showed some resemblance between our results and ERP waveforms outlined in previous studies conducted on native speakers of English. On the other hand, it was also observed that the P1 and N2 had a significant effect in amplitude due to different stimulus.

    Conclusion: The results show high classification accuracy for the brain to distinguish auditory stimuli. Moreover, the results indicated some resemblance to previous studies conducted on native English speakers using similar tones and English CV stimuli. However, the amplitudes and latencies of the P1 were found to have a significant difference due to stimuli complexity.

    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory
  9. Zakaria MN, Abdul Wahab NA, Awang MA
    Noise Health, 2017 12 2;19(87):112-113.
    PMID: 29192621 DOI: 10.4103/nah.NAH_2_17
    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem
  10. Zakaria MN, Jalaei B, Wahab NA
    Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2016 Feb;273(2):349-54.
    PMID: 25682179 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3555-3
    For estimating behavioral hearing thresholds, auditory steady state response (ASSR) can be reliably evoked by stimuli at low and high modulation frequencies (MFs). In this regard, little is known regarding ASSR thresholds evoked by stimuli at different MFs in female and male participants. In fact, recent data suggest that 40-Hz ASSR is influenced by estrogen level in females. Hence, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of gender and MF on ASSR thresholds in young adults. Twenty-eight normally hearing participants (14 males and 14 females) were enrolled in this study. For each subject, ASSR thresholds were recorded with narrow-band chirps at 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz carrier frequencies (CFs) and at 40 and 90 Hz MFs. Two-way mixed ANOVA (with gender and MF as the factors) revealed no significant interaction effect between factors at all CFs (p > 0.05). The gender effect was only significant at 500 Hz CF (p < 0.05). At 500 and 1,000 Hz CFs, mean ASSR thresholds were significantly lower at 40 Hz MF than at 90 Hz MF (p < 0.05). Interestingly, at 2,000 and 4,000 Hz CFs, mean ASSR thresholds were significantly lower at 90 Hz MF than at 40 Hz MF (p < 0.05). The lower ASSR thresholds in females might be due to hormonal influence. When recording ASSR thresholds at low MF, we suggest the use of gender-specific normative data so that more valid comparisons can be made, particularly at 500 Hz CF.
    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology*
  11. Abdul Wahid SN, Md Daud MK, Sidek D, Abd Rahman N, Mansor S, Zakaria MN
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2012 Sep;76(9):1366-9.
    PMID: 22770594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.06.008
    OBJECTIVE: To identify the outcomes of hearing screening using different protocols of both Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) and Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) tests in the same ear of the babies in a neonatal unit population.
    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on babies who were admitted into a neonatal unit. By using a formula of single proportion and considering 20% drop out, the number of sample required was 114. The subjects were chosen by using a systematic random sampling. The infants selected were subjected to DPOAE followed by AABR tests screening at the same setting before discharge.
    RESULTS: There were 73 newborns (61.6% male and 38.4% female) participated in this study with a total of 146 ears screened. Ototoxic medication was the most common risk factor followed by hyperbilirubinaemia and low birth weight. AABR had higher passing rate (82.9%) as compared to DPOAE (77.4%). The highest passing rate was achieved if the protocol of either passed DPOAE or AABR was used (90.4%). The rate was lower when auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) has been considered (82.9%). Hyperbilirubinaemia, prematurity, craniofacial malformation and ototoxic drugs seem to be the high risk factors for auditory neuropathy.
    CONCLUSION: AABR has a higher passing rate as compared to DPOAE. However, the use of both instruments in the screening process especially in NICU will be useful to determine the infants with ANSD who may need different approach to management. Therefore, a protocol in which newborns are tested with AABR first and then followed by DPOAE on those who fail the AABR is recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology*
  12. Jalaei B, Shaabani M, Zakaria MN
    Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 2017 Jan-Feb;83(1):10-15.
    PMID: 27102175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.12.005
    INTRODUCTION: The performance of auditory steady state response (ASSR) in threshold testing when recorded ipsilaterally and contralaterally, as well as at low and high modulation frequencies (MFs), has not been systematically studied.

    OBJECTIVE: To verify the influences of mode of recording (ipsilateral vs. contralateral) and modulation frequency (40Hz vs. 90Hz) on ASSR thresholds.

    METHODS: Fifteen female and 14 male subjects (aged 18-30 years) with normal hearing bilaterally were studied. Narrow-band CE-chirp(®) stimuli (centerd at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000Hz) modulated at 40 and 90Hz MFs were presented to the participants' right ear. The ASSR thresholds were then recorded at each test frequency in both ipsilateral and contralateral channels.

    RESULTS: Due to pronounced interaction effects between mode of recording and MF (p<0.05 by two-way repeated measures ANOVA), mean ASSR thresholds were then compared among four conditions (ipsi-40Hz, ipsi-90Hz, contra-40Hz, and contra-90Hz) using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. At the 500 and 1000Hz test frequencies, contra-40Hz condition produced the lowest mean ASSR thresholds. In contrast, at high frequencies (2000 and 4000Hz), ipsi-90Hz condition revealed the lowest mean ASSR thresholds. At most test frequencies, contra-90Hz produced the highest mean ASSR thresholds.

    CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings, the present study recommends two different protocols for an optimum threshold testing with ASSR, at least when testing young adults. This includes the use of contra-40Hz recording mode due to its promising performance in hearing threshold estimation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology*
  13. Jalaei B, Azmi MHAM, Zakaria MN
    Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 2018 05 17;85(4):486-493.
    PMID: 29858160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.04.005
    INTRODUCTION: Binaurally evoked auditory evoked potentials have good diagnostic values when testing subjects with central auditory deficits. The literature on speech-evoked auditory brainstem response evoked by binaural stimulation is in fact limited. Gender disparities in speech-evoked auditory brainstem response results have been consistently noted but the magnitude of gender difference has not been reported.

    OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to compare the magnitude of gender difference in speech-evoked auditory brainstem response results between monaural and binaural stimulations.

    METHODS: A total of 34 healthy Asian adults aged 19-30 years participated in this comparative study. Eighteen of them were females (mean age=23.6±2.3 years) and the remaining sixteen were males (mean age=22.0±2.3 years). For each subject, speech-evoked auditory brainstem response was recorded with the synthesized syllable /da/ presented monaurally and binaurally.

    RESULTS: While latencies were not affected (p>0.05), the binaural stimulation produced statistically higher speech-evoked auditory brainstem response amplitudes than the monaural stimulation (p<0.05). As revealed by large effect sizes (d>0.80), substantive gender differences were noted in most of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response peaks for both stimulation modes.

    CONCLUSION: The magnitude of gender difference between the two stimulation modes revealed some distinct patterns. Based on these clinically significant results, gender-specific normative data are highly recommended when using speech-evoked auditory brainstem response for clinical and future applications. The preliminary normative data provided in the present study can serve as the reference for future studies on this test among Asian adults.

    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology*
  14. Jalaei B, Zakaria MN, Mohd Azmi MH, Nik Othman NA, Sidek D
    Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 2017 Apr;126(4):290-295.
    PMID: 28177264 DOI: 10.1177/0003489417690169
    OBJECTIVES: Gender disparities in speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) outcomes have been reported, but the literature is limited. The present study was performed to further verify this issue and determine the influence of head size on speech-ABR results between genders.

    METHODS: Twenty-nine healthy Malaysian subjects (14 males and 15 females) aged 19 to 30 years participated in this study. After measuring the head circumference, speech-ABR was recorded by using synthesized syllable /da/ from the right ear of each participant. Speech-ABR peaks amplitudes, peaks latencies, and composite onset measures were computed and analyzed.

    RESULTS: Significant gender disparities were noted in the transient component but not in the sustained component of speech-ABR. Statistically higher V/A amplitudes and less steeper V/A slopes were found in females. These gender differences were partially affected after controlling for the head size.

    CONCLUSIONS: Head size is not the main contributing factor for gender disparities in speech-ABR outcomes. Gender-specific normative data can be useful when recording speech-ABR for clinical purposes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology*
  15. Zakaria MN, Jalaei B
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2017 Nov;102:28-31.
    PMID: 29106871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.08.033
    OBJECTIVE: Auditory brainstem responses evoked by complex stimuli such as speech syllables have been studied in normal subjects and subjects with compromised auditory functions. The stability of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) when tested over time has been reported but the literature is limited. The present study was carried out to determine the test-retest reliability of speech-ABR in healthy children at a low sensation level.

    METHODS: Seventeen healthy children (6 boys, 11 girls) aged from 5 to 9 years (mean = 6.8 ± 3.3 years) were tested in two sessions separated by a 3-month period. The stimulus used was a 40-ms syllable /da/ presented at 30 dB sensation level.

    RESULTS: As revealed by pair t-test and intra-class correlation (ICC) analyses, peak latencies, peak amplitudes and composite onset measures of speech-ABR were found to be highly replicable. Compared to other parameters, higher ICC values were noted for peak latencies of speech-ABR.

    CONCLUSION: The present study was the first to report the test-retest reliability of speech-ABR recorded at low stimulation levels in healthy children. Due to its good stability, it can be used as an objective indicator for assessing the effectiveness of auditory rehabilitation in hearing-impaired children in future studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology*
  16. Woei TJ, Mazlan R, Tamil AM, Rosli NSM, Hasbi SM, Hashim ND, et al.
    Int Tinnitus J, 2023 Dec 04;27(1):75-81.
    PMID: 38050889 DOI: 10.5935/0946-5448.20230013
    OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability and accuracy of chirp-based Multiple Auditory Steady State Response (MSSR) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) in children.

    METHODS: The prospective clinical study was conducted at Selayang Hospital (SH) and Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) within one year. A total of 38 children ranging from 3 to 18 years old underwent hearing evaluation using ABR tests and MSSR under sedation. The duration of both tests were then compared.

    RESULTS: The estimated hearing threshold of frequency specific chirp MSSR showed good correlation with ABR especially in higher frequencies such as 2000 Hz and 4000Hz with the value of cronbach alpha of 0.890, 0.933, 0.970 and 0.969 on 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. The sensitivity of MSSR is 0.786, 0.75, 0.957 and 0.889 and specificity is 0.85, 0.882, 0.979 and 0.966 over 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. The duration of MSSR tests were shorter than ABR tests in normal hearing children with an average of 35.3 minutes for MSSR tests and 46.4 minutes for ABR tests. This can also be seen in children with hearing loss where the average duration for MSSR tests is 40.0 minutes and 52.0 minutes for ABR tests.

    CONCLUSION: MSSR showed good correlation and reliability in comparison with ABR especially on higher frequencies. Hence, MSSR is a good clinical test to diagnose children with hearing loss.

    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology
  17. Yeap LL, Lim KS, Lo YL, Bakar MZ, Tan CT
    Epileptic Disord, 2014 Sep;16(3):375-9.
    PMID: 25167568 DOI: 10.1684/epd.2014.0671
    Hearing loss has been reported with valproic acid (VPA) use. However, this is the first case of VPA-induced hearing loss that was tested and confirmed with a VPA rechallenge, supported by serial audiometry and pharmacokinetic modelling. A 39-year-old truck driver with temporal lobe epilepsy was treated with VPA at 400 mg, twice daily, and developed hearing loss after each dose, but recovered within three hours. Hearing loss fully resolved after VPA discontinuation. Audiometry performed five hours after VPA rechallenge showed significant improvement in hearing thresholds. Pharmacokinetic modelling during the VPA rechallenge showed that hearing loss occurred at a level below the therapeutic range. Brainstem auditory evoked potential at three months after VPA discontinuation showed bilateral conduction defect between the cochlear and superior olivary nucleus, supporting a pre-existing auditory deficit. VPA may cause temporary hearing threshold shift. Pre-existing auditory defect may be a risk factor for VPA-induced hearing loss. Caution should be taken while prescribing VPA to patients with pre-existing auditory deficit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/drug effects; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology
  18. Motlagh F, Ibrahim F, Rashid R, Shafiabady N, Seghatoleslam T, Habil H
    Psychopharmacology (Berl), 2018 Nov;235(11):3273-3288.
    PMID: 30310960 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5035-0
    Methadone as the most prevalent opioid substitution medication has been shown to influence the neurophysiological functions among heroin addicts. However, there is no firm conclusion on acute neuroelectrophysiological changes among methadone-treated subjects as well as the effectiveness of methadone in restoring brain electrical abnormalities among heroin addicts. This study aims to investigate the acute and short-term effects of methadone administration on the brain's electrophysiological properties before and after daily methadone intake over 10 weeks of treatment among heroin addicts. EEG spectral analysis and single-trial event-related potential (ERP) measurements were used to investigate possible alterations in the brain's electrical activities, as well as the cognitive attributes associated with MMN and P3. The results confirmed abnormal brain activities predominantly in the beta band and diminished information processing ability including lower amplitude and prolonged latency of cognitive responses among heroin addicts compared to healthy controls. In addition, the alteration of EEG activities in the frontal and central regions was found to be associated with the withdrawal symptoms of drug users. Certain brain regions were found to be influenced significantly by methadone intake; acute effects of methadone induction appeared to be associative to its dosage. The findings suggest that methadone administration affects cognitive performance and activates the cortical neuronal networks, resulting in cognitive responses enhancement which may be influential in reorganizing cognitive dysfunctions among heroin addicts. This study also supports the notion that the brain's oscillation powers and ERPs can be utilized as neurophysiological indices for assessing the addiction treatment traits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory/drug effects*; Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology
  19. Dzulkarnain AA, Che Azid N
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69(4):156-61.
    PMID: 25500842 MyJurnal
    AIM OF STUDY: This study investigated the consistency in Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) waveform evaluations between two audiologists (inter-audiologist agreement) and within each of the audiologist (intra-audiologist agreement).
    METHODS: Two audiologists from one of the audiology clinics in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia were involved in this study. Both audiologists were required to identify and mark the presence of Waves I, III and V in 66 ABR waveforms. Over a one-month interval, each audiologist was required to carry out the same procedure on the same ABR waveforms. This process was continued until we had three separate reviews from each audiologist.
    RESULTS: There was a high inter-audiologist ABR waveform identification agreement (over the range 81.71-89.77%), but a lower intra-audiologist ABR waveform identification agreement (over the range 50%-78%) for both audiologists. Our results also showed a high intra-audiologist ABR latency agreement within 0.2 ms (>90%), but a slightly lower inter-audiologist latency agreement (75-84%) within 0.2 ms.
    CONCLUSION: Our results support the need for the clinic to implement further strategies for improving the respective lower agreements and consistencies. These include conducting a continuous education program and using an objective algorithm to support their interpretations.

    Study site:; International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM) Hearing
    and Speech Clinic
    Matched MeSH terms: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem
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