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Fulltext Pancreatitis leading to retroperitoneal fibrosis and ureteric obstruction

Tan HM, Khoo J, Pang KP

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Jun;58(2):286-9.
PMID: 14569752

Two patients who had acute pancreatitis subsequently developed characteristic appearance on urography of smooth extrinsic narrowing and medial deviation of the right ureter suggestive of retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) resulting in ureteric obstruction. Both these patients had clinical, biochemical and sonographic evidence of acute pancreatitis. CT scan of the abdomen performed on the second patient also documented acute pancreatitis. Intravenous urograms were consistent with ureteric obstruction due to retroperitoneal fibrosis. Both cases were treated conservatively. They were well after an average of 20 months. These 2 cases illustrate the uncommon association between pancreatitis and RPF.

Matched MeSH terms: Retroperitoneal Fibrosis/therapy
Fulltext Mechanoregulation of cardiac myofibroblast differentiation: implications for cardiac fibrosis and therapy

Yong KW, Li Y, Huang G, Lu TJ, Safwani WK, Pingguan-Murphy B, et al.

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2015 Aug 15;309(4):H532-42.
PMID: 26092987 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00299.2015

Cardiac myofibroblast differentiation, as one of the most important cellular responses to heart injury, plays a critical role in cardiac remodeling and failure. While biochemical cues for this have been extensively investigated, the role of mechanical cues, e.g., extracellular matrix stiffness and mechanical strain, has also been found to mediate cardiac myofibroblast differentiation. Cardiac fibroblasts in vivo are typically subjected to a specific spatiotemporally changed mechanical microenvironment. When exposed to abnormal mechanical conditions (e.g., increased extracellular matrix stiffness or strain), cardiac fibroblasts can undergo myofibroblast differentiation. To date, the impact of mechanical cues on cardiac myofibroblast differentiation has been studied both in vitro and in vivo. Most of the related in vitro research into this has been mainly undertaken in two-dimensional cell culture systems, although a few three-dimensional studies that exist revealed an important role of dimensionality. However, despite remarkable advances, the comprehensive mechanisms for mechanoregulation of cardiac myofibroblast differentiation remain elusive. In this review, we introduce important parameters for evaluating cardiac myofibroblast differentiation and then discuss the development of both in vitro (two and three dimensional) and in vivo studies on mechanoregulation of cardiac myofibroblast differentiation. An understanding of the development of cardiac myofibroblast differentiation in response to changing mechanical microenvironment will underlie potential targets for future therapy of cardiac fibrosis and failure.

Matched MeSH terms: Fibrosis/therapy
A randomized control trial measuring the effectiveness of a mouth-exercising device for mucosal burning in oral submucous fibrosis

Patil PG, Hazarey V, Chaudhari R, Nimbalkar-Patil S

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 2016 Dec;122(6):713-718.
PMID: 27720659 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.07.026

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate effect of ice-cream stick exercise regimen with or without a mouth-exercising device (MED) on mucosal burning sensation in oral submucous fibrosis.
STUDY DESIGN: In total, 282 patients with oral submucous fibrosis were treated with topical corticosteroid and oral antioxidant and the ice-cream stick exercise regimen. Patients in subgroups A1, A2, and A3 were additionally given a new MED. Patients in subgroups A1 and B1 patients with interincisal distance (IID) of 20 to 35 mm were managed without any additional therapy; patients in subgroups A2 and B2 with IID of 20 to 35 mm were additionally managed with intralesional injections; and those in subgroups A3 and B3 with IID less than 20 mm were managed surgically. Subjective evaluation of decrease in the oral mucosal burning was measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple post hoc analysis were carried out to present the results.
RESULTS: Patients using the MED, that is, subgroups A1, A2, and A3, showed reduction in burning sensation in the range of 64.8% to 71.1% and 27.8% to 30.9%, whereas in subgroups B1, B2, and B3, reduction in burning sensation ranged from 64.7% to 69.9% and from 29.3% to 38.6% after 6 months. The wo-way analysis of variance indicated statistically significant results in changes in initial VAS scores to 6-monthly VAS scores between MED users and non-MED users.
CONCLUSIONS: The MED helps to enhance the rate of reduction of mucosal burning sensation, in addition to the conventional ice-cream stick regimen, as an adjunct to local and surgical treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Oral Submucous Fibrosis/therapy*
Fulltext Cystic fibrosis in Malay children--a report of three cases

Norzila MZ, Azizi BH

Singapore Med J, 1996 Jun;37(3):273-4.
PMID: 8942227

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare disease among Asians. Three Malay children with CF presenting with recurrent pulmonary symptoms, malabsorption and failure to thrive are reported. Problems in their management include availability of pancreatic enzymes, compliance to medications and climate factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystic Fibrosis/therapy
Targeting microRNAs using nanotechnology in pulmonary diseases

Dua K, Chellappan DK, Singhvi G, de Jesus Andreoli Pinto T, Gupta G, Hansbro PM

Panminerva Med, 2018 Dec;60(4):230-231.
PMID: 30563304 DOI: 10.23736/S0031-0808.18.03459-6
Matched MeSH terms: Cystic Fibrosis/therapy
Gene therapy: An updated overview on the promising success stories

Rashid RA, Ankathil R

Malays J Pathol, 2020 Aug;42(2):171-185.
PMID: 32860369

Gene therapy is a method of treatment of disease aimed at its molecular level. The progress of gene therapy, however, was as promising as it was tardy mainly due to the limitations in the resources and financial part of its development as well as owing to the rarity of most diseases it can offer its benefits to. The methods of gene therapy can vary depending on factors such as the physiology of tissue of interest, affinity of vectors to a certain type of cells, depth and accessibility of the tissue of interest, and size of the gene to be replaced or edited. The concept behind gene therapy has inspired scientists and clinicians alike leading to a rapid expansion of its clinical utility that has become so widespread to not only include diseases of monogenic origin, but also polygenic diseases, albeit not so commonly. This article delves into notable success stories of gene therapy which has been regarded as the beacon of medical novelty expected to blossom in the near future to provide a holistic, targeted, precise, and individualistic personalised-medicine as well as laying out the future hopes of gene therapy in the treatment of debilitating diseases such as solid tumours, AIDS, Tuberculosis, Diabetes Mellitus, psychiatric illnesses, which are still at a standstill, from a gene therapy point of view.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystic Fibrosis/therapy
Clinical Efficacy of a Mouth-Exercising Device Adjunct to Local Ointment Intra-Lesional Injections and Surgical Treatment for Oral Submucous Fibrosis: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Patil P, Hazarey V, Chaudhari R, Nimbalkar-Patil S

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016;17(3):1255-9.
PMID: 27039756

BACKGROUND: Oral physiotherapy or mouth exercise is considered to be an adjunct but mandatory treatment modality for oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). This study planned to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a newly designed mouth exercising device (MED) in OSMF patients receiving local ointment, intra-lesional drugs and surgical treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 231 OSMF patients were selected and treated with basic regime including topical corticosteroids, oral antioxidants and the icecream-stick exercise regime and allotted randomly to two equal groups A and B. Group-A patients were additionally given MED. Subgroups A1 and B1 patients with an inter-incisal distance (IID) 20-35mm were not given any additional therapy; subgroup A2 and B2 patients (IID 20-35mm) were treated additionally with intra-lesional injections. Subgroups A3 and B3 with IID<20mm were managed surgically. IID was measured at baseline and at 6 months recall. The change in IID measurements was calculated and statistically analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and Tukeys multiple post hoc analysis.
RESULTS: Average improvement in IID after six months of recall visits was observed to be 8.4 mm in subgroup-A1 (n-53) compared to 5.5 mm in B1(n-50) (p<0.01). The IID improvement in subgroup-A2 was found to be 9.3mm (n-46) compared to 5.1 mm in B2 (n-48) (p<0.01). In the surgery group, mouth opening improvement was observed to be 9.6 mm in subgroup A3 (n-18) compared to 4.8 mm for B3 (n-16) (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Use of the MED appears to be effective for increasing oral opening in OMSF patients in conjunction with local, injection and/or surgical treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Oral Submucous Fibrosis/therapy*
Fulltext Hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis

Lan YW, Choo KB, Chen CM, Hung TH, Chen YB, Hsieh CH, et al.

Stem Cell Res Ther, 2015;6:97.
PMID: 25986930 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0081-6

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive diffuse parenchymal lung disorder of unknown etiology. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is a novel approach with great therapeutic potential for the treatment of lung diseases. Despite demonstration of MSC grafting, the populations of engrafted MSCs have been shown to decrease dramatically 24 hours post-transplantation due to exposure to harsh microenvironments. Hypoxia is known to induce expression of cytoprotective genes and also secretion of anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic factors. Hypoxic preconditioning is thought to enhance the therapeutic potency and duration of survival of engrafted MSCs. In this work, we aimed to prolong the duration of survival of engrafted MSCs and to enhance the effectiveness of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis transplantation therapy by the use of hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs.

Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Fibrosis/therapy