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  1. Blastocystis sp. subtype 3 triggers higher proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells, HCT116
    Kumarasamy V, Kuppusamy UR, Samudi C, Kumar S
    Parasitol Res, 2013 Oct;112(10):3551-5.
    PMID: 23933809 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3538-5
    Blastocystis sp. is a commonly found intestinal microorganism and was reported to cause many nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. Various subtypes have been previously reported, and the pathogenicity of different subtypes of Blastocystis is unclear and remains as a controversial issue. A recent study has shown that the Blastocystis antigen isolated from an unknown subtype could facilitate the proliferation of colon cancer cells. Current study was conducted to compare the effect of solubilized antigen isolated from five different subtypes of Blastocystis on colon cancer cells, HCT116. A statistically significant proliferation of these cells was observed when exposed to 1.0 μg/ml solubilized antigen isolated from subtype 3 Blastocystis (37.22%, p < 0.05). Real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the upregulation of Th2 cytokines especially transforming growth factor beta in subtype 3-treated cancer cells (p < 0.01, 3.71-fold difference). Of interest, subtype 3 Blastocystis antigen also caused a significantly higher upregulation of cathepsin B (subtypes 1 and 2, p < 0.01; subtypes 4 and 5, p < 0.001; 6.71-fold difference) which lead to the postulation that it may enhance the exacerbation of existing colon cancer cells by weakening the cellular immune response. The dysregulation of IFN-γ and p53 expression also suggest Blastocystis as a proponent of carcinogenesis. Therefore, it is very likely for subtype 3 Blastocystis to have higher pathogenic potential as it caused an increased propagation of cancer cells and substantial amount of inflammatory reaction compared to other subtypes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
  2. Distribution of prosaposin mRNA in the central nervous system of the pigeon (Columba livia)
    Islam MR, Abdullah JM, Atoji Y
    Anat Histol Embryol, 2013 Aug;42(4):257-65.
    PMID: 22994540 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12009
    Bioassay and immunohistochemical studies have detected the presence of prosaposin in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals. Here, first time, we have determined the partial cDNA sequence of pigeon prosaposin and mapped the distribution of its mRNA in the pigeon CNS. The predicted amino acid sequence of pigeon prosaposin showed 93 and 60% identity to chicken and human prosaposin, respectively. In situ hybridization, autoradiograms showed that the prosaposin mRNA expression was found in the olfactory bulb, prepiriform cortex, Wulst, mesopallium, nidopallium, hippocampal formation, thalamus, tuberis nucleus, pre-tectal nucleus, nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis, pars dorsalis, nucleus isthmi, pars parvocellularis and magnocellularis, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, optic tectum, cerebellar cortex and nuclei, vestibular nuclei and gray matter of the spinal cord. These results suggest that the cDNA sequence of pigeon prosaposin is comparable to other vertebrates, and the general distribution pattern of prosaposin mRNA resembles those are found in mammals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology*
  3. Fulltext The relationship between metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis: a review
    Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Ima-Nirwana S
    Nutrients, 2016 Jun 07;8(6).
    PMID: 27338453 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060347
    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis are two major healthcare problems worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of medical conditions consisting of central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, in which each acts on bone tissue in different ways. The growing prevalence of MetS and osteoporosis in the population along with the controversial findings on the relationship between both conditions suggest the importance for further investigation and discussion on this topic. This review aims to assess the available evidence on the effects of each component of MetS on bone metabolism from the conventional to the contemporary. Previous studies suggested that the two conditions shared some common underlying pathways, which include regulation of calcium homeostasis, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of the NF-κB (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways. In conclusion, we suggest that MetS may have a potential role in developing osteoporosis and more studies are necessary to further prove this hypothesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
  4. Fulltext Age-dependent electrocardiographic changes in Pgc-1β deficient murine hearts
    Ahmad S, Valli H, Salvage SC, Grace AA, Jeevaratnam K, Huang CL
    Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2018 02;45(2):174-186.
    PMID: 28949414 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12863
    Increasing evidence implicates chronic energetic dysfunction in human cardiac arrhythmias. Mitochondrial impairment through Pgc-1β knockout is known to produce a murine arrhythmic phenotype. However, the cumulative effect of this with advancing age and its electrocardiographic basis have not been previously studied. Young (12-16 weeks) and aged (>52 weeks), wild type (WT) (n = 5 and 8) and Pgc-1β-/- (n = 9 and 6), mice were anaesthetised and used for electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings. Time intervals separating successive ECG deflections were analysed for differences between groups before and after β1-adrenergic (intraperitoneal dobutamine 3 mg/kg) challenge. Heart rates before dobutamine challenge were indistinguishable between groups. The Pgc-1β-/- genotype however displayed compromised nodal function in response to adrenergic challenge. This manifested as an impaired heart rate response suggesting a functional defect at the level of the sino-atrial node, and a negative dromotropic response suggesting an atrioventricular conduction defect. Incidences of the latter were most pronounced in the aged Pgc-1β-/- mice. Moreover, Pgc-1β-/- mice displayed electrocardiographic features consistent with the existence of a pro-arrhythmic substrate. Firstly, ventricular activation was prolonged in these mice consistent with slowed action potential conduction and is reported here for the first time. Additionally, Pgc-1β-/- mice had shorter repolarisation intervals. These were likely attributable to altered K+ conductance properties, ultimately resulting in a shortened QTc interval, which is also known to be associated with increased arrhythmic risk. ECG analysis thus yielded electrophysiological findings bearing on potential arrhythmogenicity in intact Pgc-1β-/- systems in widespread cardiac regions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology*
  5. Novel SNPs in the SPAG11 gene and association with testicular biometric variables in Boer goats and application of the levelled-container technique
    Harighi MF, Wahid H, Thomson PC, Rafii MY, Jesse FFA
    Anim. Reprod. Sci., 2019 Sep;208:106113.
    PMID: 31405472 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106113
    Testicular volume (TV) is one of the most important traits used in evaluation of the reproductive capacity of male animals. The levelled-container used in the present study was found to be reliable instrument to measure TV, based on a water displacement method. Sperm-associated antigen 11 (SPAG11) is an important gene that affects male reproductive performance. An objective of the present study, therefore, was to determine if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a fragment of the SPAG11 gene could be used to determine associations with values of testicular biometric variables in Boer goats. Primers were designed to amplify the full length of the first two exons of SPAG11. The targeted fragment was generated using a molecular cloning technique. As the result, four SNPs, [g.1256A > G(ss19199134542), g.1270C > T(ss19199134541), g.1325A > G(ss19199134540) and g.1327 G > A (ss19199134543)], were detected using a single-base extension (SBE) method. Two of these SNPs were synonymous (ss19199134540 and ss19199134542). The other two SNPs were nonsynonymous, thus, there were changes in amino acid in the resulting protein: threonine to isoleucine (for ss19199134541) and arginine to glutamine (for ss19199134543). The SNP ss19199134543 was the only locus detected that was associated with TV (P = 0.002). None of the testes dimensions nor TW were associated with detected SPAG11 gene SNPs. Most likely, the ss19199134543 locus affects tissue structures adjacent to the testes, causing the change in TV. In conclusion, among the studied testicular biometric variables, TV had the greatest potential for preselecting of bucks with desirable semen quality. The use of the levelled-container as a TV measurement approach was an accurate and reliable method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
  6. Fulltext Sero-diagnostic evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii recombinant Rhoptry antigen 8 expressed in E. coli
    Sonaimuthu P, Fong MY, Kalyanasundaram R, Mahmud R, Lau YL
    Parasit Vectors, 2014;7:297.
    PMID: 24986686 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-297
    Toxoplasma gondii infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Early diagnosis and determining the infective stage are critical for effectively treating immunosuppressed individuals and pregnant women with toxoplasmosis. Among the rhoptry proteins of the parasite, Rhoptry protein 8 (ROP8), is known to be expressed during the early stages of T. gondii infection and is involved in parasitophorous vacuole formation. In this study, we have investigated the diagnostic efficacy of recombinant ROP8 (rROP8).
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology*
  7. Over-expression of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) delays serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in CHO-K1 cells
    Liew JC, Tan WS, Alitheen NB, Chan ES, Tey BT
    J Biosci Bioeng, 2010 Sep;110(3):338-44.
    PMID: 20547346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.02.017
    Serum deprivation inhibits cell growth and initiates apoptosis cell death in mammalian cell cultures. Since apoptosis is a genetically controlled cell death pathway, over-expression of anti-apoptotic proteins may provide a way to delay apoptosis. This study investigated the ability of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) to inhibit apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. Study includes evaluation of the ability of XIAP to prolong culture period and its effect on cell proliferation in serum-deprived media. The full length human XIAP was introduced into CHO-K1 cell lines and the effects of XIAP over-expression on the inhibition of apoptosis induced by serum-deprived conditions were examined. In batch cultures, cells over-expressing XIAP showed decreased levels of apoptosis and a higher number of viable cell under serum-deprived conditions compared to the control cell lines. The viability of control cells dropped to 40% after 2days of serum deprivation, the XIAP expressing cells still maintained at a viability higher than 90%. Further investigation revealed that the caspase-3 activity of the CHO-K1 cell line was inhibited as a result of XIAP expression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
  8. Fulltext Changes in heat shock protein 70 expression and blood characteristics in transported broiler chickens as affected by housing and early age feed restriction
    Al-Aqil A, Zulkifli I
    Poult Sci, 2009 Jul;88(7):1358-64.
    PMID: 19531704 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00554
    An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of 2 types of housing systems and early age feed restriction on heat shock protein (hsp) 70 expression and blood parameters in broiler chickens subjected to road transportation. On d 1, female chicks were housed either in windowless environmentally controlled chambers (temperature was set at 32 degrees C on d 1 and gradually reduced to 23 degrees C by d 21; CH) or in conventional open-sided houses (OH) with cyclic temperatures (minimum, 24 degrees C; maximum, 34 degrees C). Equal number of chicks from each housing system were subjected to either ad libitum feeding or 60% feed restriction on d 4, 5, and 6 (FR). On d 42, all of the birds were crated and transported for 6 h. Birds raised in OH had smaller increases in heterophil:lymphocyte ratios and plasma corticosterone concentrations than those of CH. Subjecting birds to FR dampened heterophil:lymphocyte ratios and corticosterone reactions to transportation. After 4 h of transportation, the OH birds had greater hsp 70 expression than their CH counterparts. Within the CH, the FR chicks showed higher hsp 70 density than those of the ad libitum-fed group. Except for glucose, housing system had a negligible effect on serum levels of cholesterol, potassium, and chloride. Collectively, the results suggest that the improved tolerance to transport stress in OH and FR chicks could be associated with better hsp 70 expression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology*
  9. Fulltext Draft genome of Brugia pahangi: high similarity between B. pahangi and B. malayi
    Lau YL, Lee WC, Xia J, Zhang G, Razali R, Anwar A, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2015;8:451.
    PMID: 26350613 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1064-2
    Efforts to completely eradicate lymphatic filariasis from human population may be challenged by the emergence of Brugia pahangi as another zoonotic lymphatic filarial nematode. In this report, a genomic study was conducted to understand this species at molecular level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
  10. The role of leptin and ghrelin in appetite regulation in the Australian Spinifex hopping mouse, Notomys alexis, during long-term water deprivation
    Donald JA, Hamid NKA, McLeod JL
    Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2017 04 01;244:201-208.
    PMID: 27102941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.04.015
    Water deprivation of the Spinifex hopping mouse, Notomys alexis, induced a biphasic pattern of food intake with an initial hypophagia that was followed by an increased, and then sustained food intake. The mice lost approximately 20% of their body mass and there was a loss of white adipose tissue. Stomach ghrelin mRNA was significantly higher at day 2 of water deprivation but then returned to the same levels as water-replete (day 0) mice for the duration of the experiment. Plasma ghrelin was unaffected by water deprivation except at day 10 where it was significantly increased. Plasma leptin levels decreased at day 2 and day 5 of water deprivation, and then increased significantly by the end of the water deprivation period. Water deprivation caused a significant decrease in skeletal muscle leptin mRNA expression at days 2 and 5, but then it returned to day 0 levels by day 29. In the hypothalamus, water deprivation caused a significant up-regulation in both ghrelin and neuropeptide Y mRNA expression, respectively. In contrast, hypothalamic GHSR1a mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated. A significant increase in LepRb mRNA expression was observed at days 17 and 29 of water deprivation. This study demonstrated that the sustained food intake in N. alexis during water deprivation was uncoupled from peripheral appetite-regulating signals, and that the hypothalamus appears to play an important role in regulating food intake; this may contribute to the maintenance of fluid balance in the absence of free water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
  11. Fulltext Contrasting patterns of insecticide resistance and knockdown resistance (kdr) in the dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Malaysia
    Ishak IH, Jaal Z, Ranson H, Wondji CS
    Parasit Vectors, 2015;8:181.
    PMID: 25888775 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0797-2
    Knowledge on the extent, distribution and mechanisms of insecticide resistance is essential for successful insecticide-based dengue control interventions. Here, we report an extensive resistance profiling of the dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus across Malaysia and establish the contribution of knockdown resistance mechanism revealing significant contrast between both species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology*
  12. Microarray profiling of secretory-phase endometrium from patients with recurrent miscarriage
    Othman R, Omar MH, Shan LP, Shafiee MN, Jamal R, Mokhtar NM
    Reprod Biol, 2012 Jul;12(2):183-99.
    PMID: 22850470
    The aim of the present study was to identify differentially expressed genes and their related biological pathways in the secretory phase endometrium from patients with recurrent miscarriage (RM) and fertile subjects. Endometrial samples from RM and fertile patients were analyzed using the Affymetrix GeneChip® ST Array. The bioinformatic analysis using the Partek Genomic Suite revealed 346 genes (175 up-regulated and 171 down-regulated) that were differentially expressed in the endometrium of RM patients compared to the fertile subjects (fold change ≥1.5, p<0.005). Validation step using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) confirmed a similar expression pattern of four exemplary genes: one up-regulated gene (fibroblast growth factor 9, FGF9) and three down-regulated genes: integrin β3 (ITGB3), colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and matrix-metalloproteinases 19 (MMP19). The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and the Pathway Studio software have found 101 signaling pathways (p<0.05) associated with the affected genes including the FGFR3 /signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway and the CSF1R/STAT pathway. Cell adhesion, cell differentiation and angiogenesis were among biological processes indicated by this system. In conclusion, microarray technique is a useful tool to study gene expression in the secretory phase-endometrium of RM patients. The differences in endometrial gene expressions between healthy and RM subjects contribute to an increase in our knowledge on molecular mechanisms of RM development and may improve the outcome of pregnancies in high-risk women with RM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology*
  13. Alteration of gene expression levels during osteogenic induction of human adipose derived stem cells in long-term culture
    Safwani WK, Makpol S, Sathapan S, Chua KH
    Cell Tissue Bank, 2013 Jun;14(2):289-301.
    PMID: 22476937 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9309-1
    Adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells and it has the ability to differentiate into several types of cell lineages such as neuron cells, osteogenic and adipogenic cells. Most studies on human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been carried out at the early passages. For clinical usage, ASCs need to be expanded in vitro for a period of time to get sufficient cells for transplantation into patients. However, the impact of long-term culture on ASCs molecular characteristics has not been established yet. Several studies have also shown that osteogenic and adipogenic cells have the ability to switch pathways during in vitro culture as they share the same progenitor cells. This data is important to ensure their functionality and efficacy before being used clinically in the treatment of bone diseases. Therefore, we aim to investigate the effect of long-term culture on the adipogenic, stemness and osteogenic genes expression during osteogenic induction of ASCs. In this study, the molecular characteristics of ASCs during osteogenic induction in long-term culture was analysed by observing their morphological changes during induction, analysis of cell mineralization using Alizarin Red staining and gene expression changes using quantitative RT-PCR. Morphologically, cell mineralization at P20 was less compared to P5, P10 and P15. Adipogenesis was not observed as negative lipid droplets formation was recorded during induction. The quantitative PCR data showed that adipogenic genes expression e.g. LPL and AP2 decreased but PPAR-γ was increased after osteogenic induction in long-term culture. Most stemness genes decreased at P5 and P10 but showed no significant changes at P15 and P20. While most osteogenic genes increased after osteogenic induction at all passages. When compared among passages after induction, Runx showed a significant increased at P20 while BSP, OSP and ALP decreased at later passage (P15 and P20). During long-term culture, ASCs were only able to differentiate into immature osteogenic cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology*
  14. Diurnal Rhythm of trek2a Expression is Associated with Diurnal Rhythm of gnrh3 Expression in Zebrafish
    Loganathan K, Moriya S, Parhar IS
    Zoolog Sci, 2019 04 01;36(2):167-171.
    PMID: 31120653 DOI: 10.2108/zs180111
    The two-pore domain potassium ion (K + ) channel-related K + (TREK) channel and melatonin receptors play roles in the regulation of reproduction in zebrafish. Since reproduction is regulated by diurnal rhythms, the TREK family and melatonin receptors may exhibit diurnal rhythms in expression. In this study, we aimed to investigate diurnal variations of the gene expressions of TREK family and melatonin receptors and their associations with kisspeptin and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Diurnal variations of trek1b, trek2a, trek2b, mt1, mt2, mel1a, kiss2 and gnrh3 expressions were examined by real-time PCR. For reproduction-related genes, kiss2 and gnrh3 exhibited diurnal rhythms. trek2a revealed a diurnal rhythm in the TREK family. mt2 and mel1c exhibited diurnal rhythms in the melatonin receptors. Since Trek2a regulates gnrh3 expression, the diurnal rhythm of gnrh3 expression suggests to be regulated by the diurnal rhythm of trek2a expression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
  15. Fulltext Differential prevalence of Plasmodium infections and cryptic Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in humans in Thailand
    Putaporntip C, Hongsrimuang T, Seethamchai S, Kobasa T, Limkittikul K, Cui L, et al.
    J Infect Dis, 2009 Apr 15;199(8):1143-50.
    PMID: 19284284 DOI: 10.1086/597414
    BACKGROUND: A case of human infection with Plasmodium knowlesi has been recently discovered in Thailand. To investigate the prevalence of this malaria species, a molecular-based survey was performed.

    METHODS: Blood samples from 1874 patients were tested for Plasmodium species by microscopy and nested polymerase chain reaction. P. knowlesi was characterized by sequencing the merozoite surface protein 1 gene (msp-1).

    RESULTS: Of all Plasmodium species identified, P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. knowlesi contributed 43.52%, 68.08%, 1.37%, 1.03%, and 0.57%, respectively. Mixed-species infections were more common in northwestern and southwestern regions bordering Myanmar (23%-24%) than in eastern and southern areas (3%-5%). In northwestern and southwestern regions, mixed-species infections had a significantly higher prevalence in dry than in rainy seasons (P < .001). P. knowlesi was found in 10 patients, mostly from southern and southwestern areas-9 were coinfected with either P. falciparum or P. vivax. Most of the P. knowlesi Thai isolates were more closely related to isolates from macaques than to isolates from Sarawak patients. The msp-1 sequences of isolates from the same area of endemicity differed and possessed novel sequences, indicating genetic polymorphism in P. knowlesi infecting humans.

    CONCLUSIONS: This survey highlights the widespread distribution of P. knowlesi in Thailand, albeit at low prevalence and mostly occurring as cryptic infections.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
  16. Trek2a regulates gnrh3 expression under control of melatonin receptor Mt1 and α2-adrenoceptor
    Loganathan K, Moriya S, Parhar IS
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018 02 12;496(3):927-933.
    PMID: 29395088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.117
    Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expression is associated with the two-pore domain potassium ion (K+) channel-related K+ (TREK) channel trek2a expression and melatonin levels. We aimed to investigate correlation of trek2a expression with gnrh3 expression, and regulatory mechanisms of trek2a expression by the melatonin receptor Mt1 and α2-adrenoceptor which are regulated by melatonin. trek2a specific siRNA, Mt1 antagonist luzindole and α2-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin were administered into the adult zebrafish brain and gene expressions were examined by real-time PCR. trek2a specific siRNA administration significantly reduced expression levels of trek2a, gnrh3 and mt1. Luzindole administration suppressed trek2a and gnrh3 expressions. Prazosin administration reduced trek2a and gnrh3 expressions. It is suggested that Trek2a regulates gnrh3 expression under the control of Mt1 and α2-adrenoceptor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
  17. Fulltext Transcription factor CREB3L1 regulates vasopressin gene expression in the rat hypothalamus
    Greenwood M, Bordieri L, Greenwood MP, Rosso Melo M, Colombari DS, Colombari E, et al.
    J Neurosci, 2014 Mar 12;34(11):3810-20.
    PMID: 24623760 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4343-13.2014
    Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neurohypophysial hormone regulating hydromineral homeostasis. Here we show that the mRNA encoding cAMP responsive element-binding protein-3 like-1 (CREB3L1), a transcription factor of the CREB/activating transcription factor (ATF) family, increases in expression in parallel with AVP expression in supraoptic nuclei (SONs) and paraventicular nuclei (PVNs) of dehydrated (DH) and salt-loaded (SL) rats, compared with euhydrated (EH) controls. In EH animals, CREB3L1 protein is expressed in glial cells, but only at a low level in SON and PVN neurons, whereas robust upregulation in AVP neurons accompanied DH and SL rats. Concomitantly, CREB3L1 is activated by cleavage, with the N-terminal domain translocating from the Golgi, via the cytosol, to the nucleus. We also show that CREB3L1 mRNA levels correlate with AVP transcription level in SONs and PVNs following sodium depletion, and as a consequence of diurnal rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We tested the hypothesis that CREB3L1 activates AVP gene transcription. Both full-length and constitutively active forms of CREB3L1 (CREB3L1CA) induce the expression of rat AVP promoter-luciferase reporter constructs, whereas a dominant-negative mutant reduces expression. Rat AVP promoter deletion constructs revealed that CRE-like and G-box sequences in the region between -170 and -120 bp are important for CREB3L1 actions. Direct binding of CREB3L1 to the AVP promoter was shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation both in vitro and in the SON itself. Injection of a lentiviral vector expressing CREB3L1CA into rat SONs and PVNs resulted in increased AVP biosynthesis. We thus identify CREB3L1 as a regulator of AVP transcription in the rat hypothalamus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
  18. Effects of ranibizumab on the extracellular matrix production by human Tenon's fibroblast
    Md Noh SM, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Bannur ZM, Froemming GA, Abdul Hamid Hasani N, Mohd Nawawi H, et al.
    Exp Eye Res, 2014 Oct;127:236-42.
    PMID: 25139730 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.08.005
    Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (Anti-VEGF) agents have received recent interest as potential anti-fibrotic agents for their concurrent use with trabeculectomy. Preliminary cohort studies have revealed improved bleb morphology following trabeculectomy augmented with ranibizumab. The effects of this humanized monoclonal antibody on human Tenon's fibroblast (HTF), the key player of post trabeculectomy scar formation, are not fully understood. This study was conducted to understand the effects of ranibizumab on extracellular matrix production by HTF. The effect of ranibizumab on HTF proliferation and cell viability was determined using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazone-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium). Ranibizumab at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg/mL were administered for 24, 48 and 72 h in serum and serum free conditions. Supernatants and cell lysates from samples were assessed for collagen type 1 alpha 1 and fibronectin mRNA and protein level using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After 48-h, ranibizumab at 0.5 mg/mL, significantly induced cell death under serum-free culture conditions (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology*
  19. Fulltext Inhibitory action of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone on the signaling pathways induced by kisspeptin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in GnRH neuronal cell line, GT1-7
    Son YL, Ubuka T, Soga T, Yamamoto K, Bentley GE, Tsutsui K
    FASEB J, 2016 06;30(6):2198-210.
    PMID: 26929433 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500055
    Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) acts as a negative regulator of reproduction by acting on gonadotropes and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Despite its functional significance, the molecular mechanism of GnIH action in the target cells has not been fully elucidated. To expand our previous study on GnIH actions in gonadotropes, we investigated the potential signal transduction pathway that conveys the inhibitory action of GnIH in GnRH neurons by using the GnRH neuronal cell line, GT1-7. We examined whether GnIH inhibits the action of kisspeptin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), positive regulators of GnRH neurons. Although GnIH significantly suppressed the stimulatory effect of kisspeptin on GnRH release in hypothalamic culture, GnIH had no inhibitory effect on kisspeptin stimulation of serum response element and nuclear factor of activated T-cell response element activities and ERK phosphorylation, indicating that GnIH may not directly inhibit kisspeptin signaling in GnRH neurons. On the contrary, GnIH effectively eliminated the stimulatory effect of VIP on p38 and ERK phosphorylation, c-Fos mRNA expression, and GnRH release. The use of pharmacological modulators strongly demonstrated the specific inhibitory action of GnIH on the adenylate cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, suggesting a common inhibitory mechanism of GnIH action in GnRH neurons and gonadotropes.-Son, Y. L., Ubuka, T., Soga, T., Yamamoto, K., Bentley, G. E., Tsutsui, K. Inhibitory action of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone on the signaling pathways induced by kisspeptin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in GnRH neuronal cell line, GT1-7.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology*
  20. Newer targets for modulation of intraocular pressure: focus on adenosine receptor signaling pathways
    Agarwal R, Agarwal P
    Expert Opin Ther Targets, 2014 May;18(5):527-39.
    PMID: 24579961 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.888416
    The homeostatic role of adenosine in regulating intraocular pressure (IOP) is now widely recognized, and hence, the drugs targeting adenosine receptors have become the focus of investigation. In this review, we summarize the adenosine receptor signaling pathways, which could be potential therapeutic targets for the management of glaucoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
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