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  1. Fulltext SARS-CoV-2 and Male Infertility: Possible Multifaceted Pathology
    Dutta S, Sengupta P
    Reprod Sci, 2021 Jan;28(1):23-26.
    PMID: 32651900 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00261-z
    The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March 2020. Bulk of research on this virus are carried out to unveil its multivariate pathology. Surprisingly, men are reportedly more vulnerable to COVID-19 even with higher fatality rate compared to women. Thus, it is crucial to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection can even affect male fertility as an immediate or long-term consequence of the disease. Among the discrete data available, an important finding is that angiotensin converting enzymes 2 (ACE2) receptor, that aids the SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, is profoundly expressed in testicular cells. In addition, the endogenous androgen milieu and its receptors are associated with ACE2 activation reflecting that enhanced testosterone levels may trigger the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In contrary, hypogonadism has also been reported in the acute phase of some COVID-19 cases. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced uncontrolled inflammatory responses may lead to systemic oxidative stress (OS), whose severe disruptive effects on testicular functions are well-documented. This article aims to precisely present the possible impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive functions, and to highlight the speculations that need in-depth research for the exact underlying mechanisms how COVID-19 is associated with men's health and fertility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/metabolism; Infertility, Male/epidemiology*; Infertility, Male/pathology*
  2. Fulltext The probable destructive mechanisms behind COVID-19 on male reproduction system and fertility
    Moshrefi M, Ghasemi-Esmailabad S, Ali J, Findikli N, Mangoli E, Khalili MA
    J Assist Reprod Genet, 2021 Jul;38(7):1691-1708.
    PMID: 33977466 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02097-1
    PURPOSE: The present study aims to summarize the current understanding of probable mechanisms and claims of adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male fertility potential.

    METHODS: Our search was including original articles, reviews, guidelines, letters to the editor, comments on guidelines, and editorials, regarding the male reproductive system. We used the words SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, "2019 ncov," testis, sperm, male factor infertility, fertility treatment, semen, assisted reproductive technology (ART), sexual transmission, and ACE2.

    RESULTS: Data showed coronavirus affects men more than women because of more expression of 2019 nCoV receptors (ACE2 and TMPRSS2) in testicular cells. Also, "Bioinformatics Analysis" suggests that sperm production may be damaged, since "Pseudo Time Analysis" has shown disruption in spermatogenesis. "Gene Ontology" (GO) showed an increase in viral reproduction and a decrease in sperm production-related terms. Recently, SARS-COV-2 mRNA and protein were detected in the semen of patients that had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, the probable disruption of blood-testis barrier (BTB) in febrile diseases is suspected in the acute phase of the disease enabling viral entry into the testes. Not only is spermatogenesis disturbed, but also disturbs gonadotropin, androgens, and testosterone secretion during SARS-CoV-2 infection. No sexual transmission has been reported yet; however, detection of the virus in semen still makes the sexual transmission an open question.

    CONCLUSION: There is a concern that male fertility may be disturbed after the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, follow-up of the reproductive functions and male fertility may be necessary in recovered cases, especially in aged men.

    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/epidemiology; Infertility, Male/pathology*; Infertility, Male/virology
  3. Leptin and reproductive dysfunction in obese men
    Almabhouh FA, Md Mokhtar AH, Malik IA, Aziz NAAA, Durairajanayagam D, Singh HJ
    Andrologia, 2020 Feb;52(1):e13433.
    PMID: 31773771 DOI: 10.1111/and.13433
    Infertility is somewhat more prevalent in men who are obese. They are also reported to have low sperm concentration, higher fraction of spermatozoa that look morphologically abnormal, higher DNA fragmentation index and evidence of oxidative stress. The precise cause for this remains uncertain. Leptin levels in serum and percentage body fat correlate positively, and obese men therefore usually have elevated serum leptin levels. Although leptin is important for normal reproductive function, but when present in excess, leptin could seriously affect reproductive function in men. Reports on the findings of sperm parameters in obese men, particularly those who are subfertile or infertile, seem to be similar to those reported from studies on normal-weight rats treated with leptin. Collectively, the observations reported in human and experimental animal studies point to leptin as a possible link between infertility and obesity. Herein, we review some findings on sperm function in obese subfertile or infertile men and those from animal studies following leptin treatment, and discuss the possible link between leptin and reproductive dysfunction in obese men. The large amounts of leptin secreted by the adipose tissue and its higher circulating levels could indeed be responsible for the higher prevalence of infertility in obese men.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/blood; Infertility, Male/etiology*; Infertility, Male/metabolism; Infertility, Male/epidemiology
  4. Fulltext Leptin and its actions on reproduction in males
    Malik IA, Durairajanayagam D, Singh HJ
    Asian J Androl, 2018 12 13;21(3):296-299.
    PMID: 30539926 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_98_18
    Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, serves numerous physiological functions in the body, particularly during puberty and reproduction. The exact mechanism by which leptin activates the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to trigger puberty and reproduction remains unclear. Given the widespread distribution of leptin receptors in the body, both central and peripheral mechanisms involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis have been hypothesized. Leptin is necessary for normal reproductive function, but when present in excess, it can have detrimental effects on the male reproductive system. Human and animal studies point to leptin as a link between infertility and obesity, a suggestion that is corroborated by findings of low sperm count, increased sperm abnormalities, oxidative stress, and increased leptin levels in obese men. In addition, daily leptin administration to normal-weight rats has been shown to result in similar abnormalities in sperm parameters. The major pathways causing these abnormalities remain unidentified; however, these adverse effects have been attributed to leptin-induced increased oxidative stress because they are prevented by concurrently administering melatonin. Studies on leptin and its impact on sperm function are highly relevant in understanding and managing male infertility, particularly in overweight and obese men.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/etiology; Infertility, Male/physiopathology*
  5. Role of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in the management of male infertility
    Sengupta P, Agarwal A, Pogrebetskaya M, Roychoudhury S, Durairajanayagam D, Henkel R
    Reprod Biomed Online, 2018 Mar;36(3):311-326.
    PMID: 29277366 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.11.007
    To manage male infertility caused by hormonal imbalance, infections and other predicaments, multifarious treatment strategies are emerging worldwide. Contemporary treatments, such as assisted reproductive techniques, are costly with low success rates of only 10-30%; however, herbal remedies are gaining more attention as an alternative or supplementary therapeutic modality for male infertility. The beneficial effects induced by oral intake of the roots of a small evergreen shrub, Withania sominifera (Ashwagandha) on semen quality of infertile men have previously been studied. Oral intake of Ashwagandha roots has been found to inhibit lipid peroxidation, improve sperm count and motility, and regulate reproductive hormone levels. The molecular mechanisms of these effects, however, are yet to be unveiled. In this review, we will discuss the role of herbal medicines in male infertility; provide a detailed analysis of various human and animal studies involving Withania somnifera; describe a proposed direct oxidative mechanism involving mitigation of oxidative stress as well as an indirect mechanism consisting of a gamma-aminobutyric acid-like-mimetic pathway ameliorating hormonal balance through crosstalk among different endocrine glands to improve male fertility; and how Withania somnifera supplementation mitigates risk factor-induced male infertility as well as ameliorates male fertility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/prevention & control*
  6. Recent insights on the significance of transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of male factor infertility
    Lee LK, Foo KY
    Clin Biochem, 2014 Jul;47(10-11):973-82.
    PMID: 24875852 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.05.053
    Infertility is a worldwide reproductive health problem which affects approximately 15% of couples, with male factor infertility dominating nearly 50% of the affected population. The nature of the phenomenon is underscored by a complex array of transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic differences which interact in unknown ways. Many causes of male factor infertility are still defined as idiopathic, and most diagnosis tends to be more descriptive rather than specific. As such, the emergence of novel transcriptomic and metabolomic studies may hold the key to more accurately diagnose and treat male factor infertility. This paper provides the most recent evidence underlying the role of transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis in the management of male infertility. A summary of the current knowledge and new discovery of noninvasive, highly sensitive and specific biomarkers which allow the expansion of this area is outlined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/metabolism*
  7. Geographical differences in semen characteristics: Comparing semen parameters of infertile men of the United States and Iraq
    Palani A, Sengupta P, Agarwal A, Henkel R
    Andrologia, 2020 Apr;52(3):e13519.
    PMID: 32003032 DOI: 10.1111/and.13519
    The declining trend of male fecundity is a major global health and social concern. Among numerous other confounding factors, variations in male fertility parameters in different regions have repeatedly been suggested to be influenced by geographic locations. The impact of overall lifestyle, behavioural patterns, ethnicity, work stress and associated factors upon health differ greatly between developed and developing countries. These factors, individually or in combination, affect male reproductive functions ensuing the discrepancies in semen qualities in connection with geographic variations. However, reports comparing semen characteristics between developed and developing countries are sparse. The present study finds its novelty in presenting a comparison in semen parameters of infertile men in the United States (n = 76) that fairly represents the population of a highly developed region and Iraq (n = 102), the representative of male populations of a developing region. Samples were collected and analysed according to WHO (WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, WHO; 2010) criteria by means of the Mann-Whitney test. The US population demonstrated lower sperm concentration, total count, and total and progressive sperm motility with a higher seminal total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as compared to the Iraqi population. This report encourages further investigations concerning the confounding factors leading to such alterations in semen qualities between these two geographic areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/diagnosis; Infertility, Male/epidemiology; Infertility, Male/pathology*; Infertility, Male/physiopathology
  8. Review: Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera)- an emerging plant in pharmacological research
    Mallhi TH, Qadir MI, Ali M, Ahmad B, Khan YH, Rehman A
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2014 May;27(3):607-16.
    PMID: 24811825
    Date Fruits are consumed in Arab areas for a long time as a part of essential diet. Phoenix dactylifera belongs to family Arecaceae and its leaves, barks, pits, fruits and pollens have anticancer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antiulcertavie, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antimutagenic, antidiarheal, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral potential. Besides these, Dates also increase level of estrogen, testosterone, RBCs, Hb, PCV, reticulocytes and platelet counts. It can also cure lead induced heamotoxicity, side effects of methylprednisolon, male and female infertility. It has also cerebroprotective, neuroprotective and haemopoietic activity. Phoenix dactylifera can be used for number of complications if further evaluated and isolated. The present paper is an overview of pharmacological properties of Phoenix dactylifera reported in literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/drug therapy
  9. Analysis of partial AZFc deletions in Malaysian infertile male subjects
    Almeamar HA, Ramachandran V, Ismail P, Nadkarni P, Fawzi N
    Syst Biol Reprod Med, 2013 Apr;59(2):99-107.
    PMID: 23231020 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2012.748851
    Complete deletions in the AZF (a, b, and c) sub-regions of the Y-chromosome have been shown to contribute to unexplained male infertility. However, the role of partial AZFc deletions in male infertility remains to be verified. Three types of partial AZFc deletions have been identified. They are gr/gr, b1/b3, and b2/b3 deletions. A recent meta-analysis showed that ethnic and geographical factors might contribute to the association of partial AZFc deletions with male infertility. This study analyzed the association of partial AZFc deletions in Malaysian infertile males. Fifty two oligozoospermic infertile males and 63 fertile controls were recruited to this study. Screening for partial AZFc deletions was done using the two sequence-tagged sites approach (SY1291 and SY1191) which were analyzed using both the conventional PCR gel-electrophoresis and the high resolution melt, HRM method. Gr/gr deletions were found in 11.53% of the cases and 9.52% of the controls (p = 0.725). A B2/b3 deletion was found in one of the cases (p = 0.269). No B1/b3 deletions were identified in this study. The results of HRM analysis were consistent with those obtained using the conventional PCR gel-electrophoresis method. The HRM analysis was highly repeatable (95% limit of agreement was -0.0879 to 0.0871 for SY1191 melting temperature readings). In conclusion, our study showed that partial AZFc deletions were not associated with male infertility in Malaysian subjects. HRM analysis was a reliable, repeatable, fast, cost-effective, and semi-automated method which can be used for screening of partial AZFc deletions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/genetics*
  10. Primary infertility in a phenotypic male with 46XX chromosomal constitution
    Tan TT, Khalid BA
    Postgrad Med J, 1993 Apr;69(810):315-7.
    PMID: 8321801
    The case of a 32 year old male with normal male adrenarchal hair pattern, bilateral gynaecomastia, a small phallus, hypospadias and bilateral poorly developed testes presenting with primary infertility secondary to azoospermia and a pelvic cyst is described. Repeated chromosomal analysis showed 46XX chromosomal constitution. Laparotomy revealed a simple cyst between the urinary bladder and the rectum. XX male syndrome is a rare cause of male infertility. The majority of cases is due to interchange of a fragment of the short arm of the Y chromosome containing the region that encodes the testes determining factor with the X chromosome. The presence of a simple cyst in the anatomical location of the uterus to our knowledge has not been reported in the literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/etiology*
  11. The use of the semen analysis in predicting fertility outcome
    Arumugam K, Omar SZ
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1992 May;32(2):154-7.
    PMID: 1520202
    The study investigates the use of the various parameters of the semen analysis in predicting the fertility outcome in 82 infertile couples. The sperm density, % progressive motility, % normal morphology were divided into 'normal' and 'abnormal' based on the criteria proposed by WHO. The subsequent cumulative pregnancy rates were then calculated according to this criteria. A life-table method of analysis was used. All female related fertility factors were excluded. With the exception of a sperm density of less than 20 x 10(6) per ml the other parameters showed no significant correlation with the cumulative pregnancy rates at 12 months or 24 months respectively. We concluded that the semen analysis does not predict the probable outcome of the subsequent rates even when female fertility related factors were excluded apart from a sperm density less than 20 x 10(6) per ml.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/diagnosis*
  12. Efficiency of the cytoplasmic incompatible (D3) strain of Culex pipiens fatigans to infection with the rural strain of Wuchereria bancrofti
    Thomas V
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Sep;29(1):73-7.
    PMID: 4282638
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male*
  13. Fulltext Setting up a men's clinic has never been an easy task. I have done it, and here is my story
    Ismail Bin Mohd Tambi M
    Asian J Androl, 2011 Jul;13(4):607-8.
    PMID: 21399648 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.128
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/diagnosis
  14. Fulltext Demographic determinants and outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) services in Saudi Arabia
    Almaslami F, Aljunid SM, Ghailan K
    J Int Med Res, 2018 Apr;46(4):1537-1544.
    PMID: 29350090 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517749329
    Objectives To assess the demographic characteristics and outcomes of couples undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment at a private hospital in Al Qassim district, Saudi Arabia. Methods For this retrospective study, information was extracted from the hospital electronic database and IVF unit medical records. Results 2259 couples underwent 2703 IVF/ICSI cycles during 2014 to 2016. The utilization rate was approximately 1000 cycle per million of inhabitants. Mean ages ± standard deviation (SD) for women and men were 32.9 ± 5.7 and 39.2 ± 7.4 years, respectively. More couples were diagnosed with secondary infertility (55.2%) than primary infertility (44.8%). Male factor was the commonest single indication for IVF (36.2%). Mean ± SD infertility duration was 4.70 ± 4.03 years. Overall, 949 couples had a successful pregnancy. Age-specific pregnancy rates (PR) were highest for women <35 years (39.8%) and lowest for women >40 years (11.6%). Male age and infertility duration had no effect on PR but sperm source (fresh vs. frozen) and female age had significant impacts. However, fresh sperm was used in 90.6% cycles whereas frozen sperm was used in 9.4% cycles. Conclusions IVF treatment outcomes in the Al Qassim district are within the boundaries of average international success rates. Infertile couples seeking IVF services should be counselled with regard to important prognostic factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/therapy
  15. Mating compatibility and competitiveness of transgenic and wild type Aedes aegypti (L.) under contained semi-field conditions
    Lee HL, Vasan S, Ahmad NW, Idris I, Hanum N, Selvi S, et al.
    Transgenic Res, 2013 Feb;22(1):47-57.
    PMID: 22700207 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9625-z
    We conducted the world's first experiments under semi-field conditions (ACL-2 field house) to assess the mating competitiveness of genetically sterile RIDL male mosquitoes (513A strain). The field house is a state-of-the-art, fully-contained trial facility, simulating the living space for a household of 2-4 people in Peninsular Malaysia. Ten genetically sterile RIDL male A. aegypti mosquitoes competed with ten wild type males inside this field house to mate with ten wild type females. Hatched larvae from mated females were screened under a fluorescent microscope for genetic markers to determine if they were fathered by RIDL male or wild type male, and all results were cross-checked by PCR. Two such experiments were conducted, each repeated sufficient number of times. All strains were on a Malaysian lab strain background for the first experiment, while the RIDL males alone were on a recently-colonised Mexican strain background for the second experiment. A total of 52 % of the matings were with RIDL males in the first experiment, while 45 % of the matings were with RIDL (Mexican) males in the second experiment. Statistically, this is not significantly different from 50 % of the matings expected to take place with RIDL males if the latter were as competitive as that of the wild type males. This shows that A. aegypti RIDL-513A has excellent mating competitiveness under semi-field conditions, verifying earlier trends obtained in small lab cages. We also observed high mating compatibility between recently-colonised Mexican RIDL males and lab-reared Malaysian wild type females.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/genetics*
  16. Association of azoospermia factor region deletions in infertile male subjects among Malaysians
    Hussein AA, Vasudevan R, Patimah I, Prashant N, Nora FA
    Andrologia, 2015 Mar;47(2):168-77.
    PMID: 24528375 DOI: 10.1111/and.12240
    Azoospermia factor region (AZF) deletions (AZFa, AZFb, AZFc and AZFd) in the Y chromosome were analysed in male infertility subjects in various populations with conflicting results. This study comprised of 54 infertile males and 63 fertile controls, and the frequency of AZFa, AZFb, AZFc and AZFd deletions were determined using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as real-time PCR-high resolution melting analysis-based methods. The results of this study showed that, three of 54 cases (5.55%) had AZF (a, b and c) deletions (two had AZFc and one had AZFa deletions). Four cases were found to have AZFd deletions (7.4%) with two of them being associated with AZFc deletions (P = 0.028). The frequency of AZF (a, b and c) deletions in Malaysian infertile male subjects was found to be comparable with other populations. AZFd deletions were found to be significant (P < 0.05) in male infertility and it may be associated with other types of AZF deletions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/ethnology*; Infertility, Male/genetics*; Infertility, Male/epidemiology
  17. Does SARS-CoV-2 infection cause sperm DNA fragmentation? Possible link with oxidative stress
    Sengupta P, Dutta S
    Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care, 2020 Oct;25(5):405-406.
    PMID: 32643968 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2020.1787376
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/diagnosis; Infertility, Male/etiology; Infertility, Male/virology
  18. Orlistat attenuates obesity-induced decline in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis by up-regulating steroidogenic genes
    Suleiman JB, Nna VU, Othman ZA, Zakaria Z, Bakar ABA, Mohamed M
    Andrology, 2020 09;8(5):1471-1485.
    PMID: 32438512 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12824
    BACKGROUND: Steroidogenesis decline is reported to be one of the mechanisms associated with obesity-induced male factor subfertility/infertility.

    OBJECTIVES: We explored the possible preventive/therapeutic effects of orlistat (a medication prescribed for weight loss) on obesity-induced steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis decline.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomized into four groups (n = 6/group), namely; normal control, high-fat diet, high-fat diet plus orlistat preventive group and high-fat diet plus orlistat treatment group. Orlistat (10 mg/kg/b.w./d suspended in distilled water) was either concurrently administered with high-fat diet for 12 weeks (high-fat diet plus orlistat preventive group) or administered from week 7-12 post- high-fat diet feeding (high-fat diet plus orlistat treatment group). Thereafter, serum, testes and epididymis were collected for analyses.

    RESULTS: Obesity increased serum leptin and decreased adiponectin levels, decreased serum and intra-testicular levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone and testosterone, sperm count, motility, viability, normal morphology and epididymal antioxidants, but increased epididymal malondialdehyde level and sperm nDNA fragmentation. Testicular mRNA transcript levels of androgen receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP11A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were significantly decreased in the testes of the high-fat diet group. Further, the levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein protein and enzymatic activities of CYP11A1, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were also significantly decreased in the testes of the high-fat diet group. Treatment with orlistat significantly decreased leptin and increased adiponectin levels, improved sperm parameters, decreased sperm DNA fragmentation, increased the levels of steroidogenic hormones, proteins and associated genes in high-fat diet-induced obese male rats, with the preventive group (high-fat diet plus orlistat preventive group) having better results relative to the treatment group (high-fat diet plus orlistat treatment group).

    DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Orlistat attenuated impaired spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis decline by up-regulating steroidogenic genes. This may not be unconnected to its significant effect in lowering serum leptin levels, since the hormone is known to dampen fertility potential. Therefore, orlistat may improve fertility potential in overweight/obese men.

    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/etiology; Infertility, Male/genetics; Infertility, Male/metabolism*
  19. Orlistat reverses intratesticular lactate transport decline and infertility in male obese rats
    Suleiman JB, Nna VU, Zakaria Z, Othman ZA, Bakar ABA, Usman UZ, et al.
    Reproduction, 2020 12;160(6):863-872.
    PMID: 33112813 DOI: 10.1530/REP-20-0381
    Obesity and its accompanying complications predispose to abnormal testicular glucose metabolism, penile erectile dysfunction and subfertility. This study examined the potentials of orlistat in attenuating erectile dysfunction and fertility decline in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in male rats. Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats whose weights were between 250 and 300 g were divided into three groups (n = 6/group) namely: normal control (NC), HFD and HFD + orlistat (10 mg/kg body weight/day co-administered for 12 weeks) (HFD+O). During the 11th and 12th week, mating behaviour and fertility parameters were evaluated, and parameters of glucose metabolism were assessed at the end of the 12th week. Orlistat increased testicular mRNA levels of glucose transporters (Glut1 and Glut3), monocarboxylate transporters (Mct2 and Mct4) and lactate dehydrogenase type C (Ldhc), decreased intratesticular lactate and glucose levels, and LDH activity in obese rats. Furthermore, orlistat increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), but decreased malondialdehyde level in the penis of obese rats. Similarly, orlistat improved penile cGMP level, sexual behaviour and fertility outcome in obese rats. Penile cGMP level correlated positively with total mounts and intromissions but correlated negatively with mount/intromission ratio. Orlistat improves fertility potential in obese state by targeting testicular lactate metabolism, penile oxidative stress and sexual behaviour in rats. Therefore, orlistat shows a promising protective effect and may preserve the fertility potential of obese men.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male/etiology; Infertility, Male/pathology; Infertility, Male/prevention & control*
  20. Fulltext Congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens (CBAVD): a reminder to clinicians
    Koh, P.S., Shanggar, K., Razack, A.H., Lee, G.
    JUMMEC, 2008;11(2):89-90.
    MyJurnal
    Male factor infertility which accounts for 30-50% of infertility is a major problem faced by married couples. Congenital absence of the vas deferens, though uncommon, remains the most common abnormality seen in extratesticular ductal and ejaculatory system, accounting for 1-2% of male infertility. It may be unilateral or bilateral. Association with renal abnormality has also been reported with congenital absence of vas deferens (1). The patients are asymptomatic and the congenital abnormality is usually detected when investigation for infertility is carried out. We present a case of an unusual presentation of congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD).
    Matched MeSH terms: Infertility, Male
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