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Fulltext Comparative genomics analyses revealed two virulent Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from ready-to-eat food

Lim SY, Yap KP, Thong KL

Gut Pathog, 2016;8:65.
PMID: 27999619 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0147-8

BACKGROUND: Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that causes considerable morbidity in humans with high mortality rates. In this study, we have sequenced the genomes and performed comparative genomics analyses on two strains, LM115 and LM41, isolated from ready-to-eat food in Malaysia.
RESULTS: The genome size of LM115 and LM41 was 2,959,041 and 2,963,111 bp, respectively. These two strains shared approximately 90% homologous genes. Comparative genomics and phylogenomic analyses revealed that LM115 and LM41 were more closely related to the reference strains F2365 and EGD-e, respectively. Our virulence profiling indicated a total of 31 virulence genes shared by both analysed strains. These shared genes included those that encode for internalins and L. monocytogenes pathogenicity island 1 (LIPI-1). Both the Malaysian L. monocytogenes strains also harboured several genes associated with stress tolerance to counter the adverse conditions. Seven antibiotic and efflux pump related genes which may confer resistance against lincomycin, erythromycin, fosfomycin, quinolone, tetracycline, and penicillin, and macrolides were identified in the genomes of both strains.
CONCLUSIONS: Whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics analyses revealed two virulent L. monocytogenes strains isolated from ready-to-eat foods in Malaysia. The identification of strains with pathogenic, persistent, and antibiotic resistant potentials from minimally processed food warrant close attention from both healthcare and food industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Lincomycin
Ubiquitous occurrence of sulfonamides in tropical Asian waters

Shimizu A, Takada H, Koike T, Takeshita A, Saha M, Rinawati, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2013 May 1;452-453:108-15.
PMID: 23500404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.027

Seven sulfonamides, trimethoprim, five macrolides, lincomycin and three tetracyclines were measured in 150 water samples of sewage, livestock and aquaculture wastewater, and river and coastal waters, in five tropical Asian countries. The sum of the concentrations of the target antibiotics in sewage and heavily sewage-impacted waters were at sub- to low-ppb levels. The most abundant antibiotic was sulfamethoxazole (SMX), followed by lincomycin and sulfathiazole. The average concentration of SMX in sewage or heavily sewage-impacted waters was 1720 ng/L in Vietnam (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, Can Tho; n=15), 802ng/L in the Philippines (Manila; n=4), 538 ng/L in India (Kolkata; n=4), 282 ng/L in Indonesia (Jakarta; n=10), and 76 ng/L in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur; n=6). These concentrations were higher than those in Japan, China, Europe, the US and Canada. A predominance of sulfonamides, especially SMX, is notable in these tropical countries. The higher average concentrations, and the predominance of SMX, can be ascribed to the lower cost of the antibiotics. Both the concentration and composition of antibiotics in livestock and aquaculture wastewater varied widely. In many cases, sulfamethazine (SMT), oxytetracycline (OTC), lincomycin, and SMX were predominant in livestock and aquaculture wastewater. Both human and animal antibiotics were widely distributed in the respective receiving waters (i.e., the Mekong River and Manila Bay). SMT/SMX ratios indicate a significant contribution from livestock wastewater to the Mekong River and nearby canals, with an estimated ~10% of river water SMX derived from such wastewater. Mass flow calculations estimate that 12 tons of SMX is discharged annually from the Mekong River into the South China Sea. Riverine inputs of antibiotics may significantly increase the concentration of such antibiotics in the coastal waters.

Matched MeSH terms: Lincomycin/analysis
Antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Malaysian children

Cheong YM, Jegathesan M, Henrichsen J, Wong YH, Ng AJ, Louis A

J Trop Pediatr, 1988 08;34(4):182-5.
PMID: 3172328 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/34.4.182
Matched MeSH terms: Lincomycin/pharmacology
Fulltext Antibiogram and heavy metal tolerance of bullfrog bacteria in Malaysia

Tee LW, Najiah M

Open Vet J, 2011;1(1):39-45.
PMID: 26623279

Bacterial isolates from 30 farmed bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) weighing 500-600 g at Johore, Malaysia with external clinical signs of ulcer, red leg and torticollis were tested for their antibiograms and heavy metal tolerance patterns. A total of 17 bacterial species with 77 strains were successfully isolated and assigned to 21 antibiotics and 4 types of heavy metal (Hg(2+), Cr(6+), Cd(2+), Cu(2+)). Results revealed that bacteria were resistant against lincomycin (92%), oleandomycin (72.7%) and furazolidone (71.4%) while being susceptible to chloramphenicol and florfenicol at 97.4%. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index for C. freundii, E. coli and M. morganii was high with the value up to 0.71. Bacterial strains were found to exhibit 100 % resistance to chromium and mercury. High correlation of resistance against both antibiotics and heavy metals was found (71.4 to 100%) between bullfrog bacteria isolates, except bacteria that were resistant to kanamycin showed only 25% resistance against Cu(2+). Based on the results in this study, bacterial pathogens of bullfrog culture in Johore, Malaysia, were highly resistant to both antibiotics and heavy metals.

Matched MeSH terms: Lincomycin
Fulltext Characterization of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer

Nadirah, M., Najiah M., Teng, S. Y.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(3):1247-1252.
MyJurnal

This study described the antibiotic and heavy metal resistance pattern of 17 isolates of Edwardsiella tarda obtained from Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). E.tarda isolates were resistant to oleandomycin, lincomycin, novobiocin and spiramycin. In contrast, most of the isolates showed high level of susceptibility to tetracycline, doxycycline, florfenicol, chloramplenicol, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, kanamycin, oxolinic acid and flumequine. MAR value was 0.35 which indicated that the cultured Asian seabass have received high exposure to those tested antibiotics. Besides, very high level of heavy metal resistance among these isolates was observed. Genotypic profile of DNA fingerprintings generated by RAPD-PCR using M13 universal primer and M13 wild type phage primer showed high degree of genetic diversity with percentages similarity and genetic distance among the isolates were ranging from 10.5% to 100% and 0 to 0.895, respectively. This result indicates that strains that belong to the same origin were not always closely related genetically.

Matched MeSH terms: Lincomycin