MyMedR

Haemoptysis as a presenting symptom in a rural area of Sabah

Barclay R

Med J Malaya, 1966 Dec;21(2):133-4.

PMID: 4227384

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis*

Fulltext Foreign body aspiration in an adult: the great mimic

Ngoo KS, Ramzisham AR, Joanna OS, Zamrin DM

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Mar;63(1):61-2.

PMID: 18935737 MyJurnal

A middle-aged lady presented with a three-month history of chronic cough. After a long and extensive investigation, CT thorax revealed collapse consolidation of the right lower lung lobe and bronchoscopy showed a polypoidal tumour within the involved bronchus. Thoracotomy and segmental lung resection revealed a peanut in the airways of the fibrotic and infected lung tissue. In view of the rarity of the food particle aspiration in a healthy adult, the delay in presentation and diagnosis in our patient, we would like to highlight this particular case. A high index of suspicion of FBA is necessary to avoid unnecessary anxiety, extensive investigations and overzealous treatment as well as to promote lung conservation.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis

A case of congenital hernia of the lung and tertiary syphilis

Kiramathypathy K

Malayan Medical Journal, 1929;4:12-13.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis

Post mortem computed tomography (PMCT) guided lung biopsy: A preliminary case report

Abdul Hadi D, Mansharan Kaur CS, Effat O, Siew SF

Trop Biomed, 2019 Dec 01;36(4):850-854.

PMID: 33597457

Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease on the rise caused by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis and health care workers working in emergency departments, medical wards and autopsy rooms are in danger of contacting this disease. We present a case of a 42 year old man found dead under a pedestrian bridge with no medical history available. Post mortem computed tomography showed multiple cavities involving upper lobes of both lungs and areas of consolidation in both lung fields raising the suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis. This was followed by a computed tomography guided lung biopsy and a limited conventional autopsy done in situ in a special high risk autopsy suite with appropriate ventilation. This case highlights the importance of cross sectional imaging which can be coupled with image guided biopsy in cases of infectious disease to reduce the risk of transmission to health care workers.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis*

Pulmonary actinomycosis masquerading as aspergilloma

Rosdina Z, Nurul Yaqeen ME, Hanafiah M, Nor Salmah B

Med J Malaysia, 2017 04;72(2):147-149.

PMID: 28473686 MyJurnal

We report a case of a 34-year-old man who was initially treated as community acquired pneumonia following a three-month-history of productive cough, loss of weight and loss of appetite. However, three months after discharged from the hospital, he presented again with worsening respiratory symptoms and radiological evidence of a lung cavitation with intracavitary lesion resembling an aspergilloma associated with surrounding consolidation. Unfortunately, he remained symptomatic despite on antifungal therapy. The repeat computed-tomography demonstrated persistent cavitating lesion with development of necrotising pneumonia. He underwent lobectomy and the histopathological analysis of the resected specimen however revealed the diagnosis of actinomycosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis*

Unilateral diffuse lung opacification in an asymptomatic woman

Khajotia RR, Raman S

Aust Fam Physician, 2017 Nov;46(11):845-846.

PMID: 29101921

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis

Pulmonary actinomycosis masquerading as lung cancer: A case report

Boo YL, How KN, Pereira DS, Chin PW, Foong KK, Lim SY

Med J Malaysia, 2017 08;72(4):246-247.

PMID: 28889138 MyJurnal

Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare yet important and challenging diagnosis to make. It is commonly confused with other lung diseases, such as tuberculosis and bronchogenic carcinoma, leading to delay diagnosis or misdiagnosis. A 49-year-old man presented with a chronic cough, hemoptysis, and pleuritic chest pain. His initial imaging studies including computed tomography (CT) was suggestive of bronchogenic carcinoma. A subsequent CTguided biopsy was consistent with pulmonary actinomycosis and excluded the possibility of bronchogenic carcinoma. He was treated with antibiotic therapy and achieved remission with complete radiological resolution upon follow-up.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis*

Fulltext Sandstorm appearance of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis incidentally detected in a young, asymptomatic male

Ch'ng LS, Bux SI, Liam CK, Rahman NA, Ho CY

Korean J Radiol, 2013 Sep-Oct;14(5):859-62.

PMID: 24043987 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2013.14.5.859

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare chronic disease with paucity of symptoms in contrast to the imaging findings. We present a case of a 24-year-old Malay man having an incidental abnormal pre-employment chest radiograph of dense micronodular opacities giving the classical "sandstorm" appearance. High-resolution computed tomography of the lungs showed microcalcifications with subpleural cystic changes. Open lung biopsy showed calcospherites within the alveolar spaces. The radiological and histopathological findings were characteristic of PAM.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis*

Pedunculated parietal pleural lesion: a rare presentation of bronchogenic cyst

Abdul Rahman MR, Yaman MN, Dimon MZ, Zabir AF, Min JO, Hamid HA

Ann Thorac Surg, 2011 Aug;92(2):714-5.

PMID: 21801925 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.02.028

We present a 35-year-old man with a preoperative diagnosis of a right lower lobe cystic mass. Misled by a radiological suggestion of an intraparenchymal lesion, he had a thoracotomy and right lower lobectomy. An intraoperative finding of a pedunculated cyst arising from the parietal pleural with subsequent histopathology confirmation of a benign bronchogenic cyst, however, would have made a less invasive surgical excision more appropriate.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis*

Fulltext Pulmonary overinflation syndrome in an underwater logger

Rozali A, Sulaiman A, Zin BM, Khairuddin H, Abd-Halim M, Mohd Sidik S

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Oct;61(4):496-8.

PMID: 17243532 MyJurnal

Pulmonary overinflation syndrome (POIS) is a group of barotrauma-related diseases caused by the expansion of gas trapped in the lung, or over-pressurization of the lung with subsequent over-expansion and rupture of the alveolar air sacs. This group of disorders includes arterial gas embolism, tension pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema, subcutaneous emphysema and rarely pneumopericardium. In the case of diving activities, POIS is rarely reported and is frequently related to unsafe diving techniques. We report a classical case of POIS in an underwater logger while cutting trees for logs in Tasik Kenyir, Terengganu. The patient, a 24-year-old worker, made a rapid free ascent to the surface after his breathing equipment malfunctioned while he was working underwater. He suffered from bilateral tension pneumothoraces, arterial gas embolism giving rise to multiple cerebral and cerebellar infarcts, mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema as well as pneumopericardium. He was treated in a recompression chamber with hyperbaric oxygen therapy and discharged with residual weakness in his right leg.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis

Fulltext Fibreoptic bronchoscopy--a Malaysian experience

Yaacob I, Harun Z, Ahmad Z

Singapore Med J, 1991 Feb;32(1):26-8.

PMID: 2017700

Two hundred and ninety-three bronchoscopies were done for 285 patients (78% males, 22% females) at Hospital University Sains Malaysia between 1984 and 1988. The mean age was 56.4 years (range 13 to 90 years). 70.2% of patients underwent bronchoscopies to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of carcinoma of the bronchus, out of which 58% were confirmed to have bronchial carcinoma. 77% of the 98 patients with visible endobronchial tumours had biopsy specimens diagnostic of malignancy. Brushing and washing cytology increased the positive yield to 92%. The commonest histological type of bronchial carcinoma identified was squamous cell carcinoma (48.1%), followed by small cell carcinoma (27.1%), anaplastic/undifferentiated carcinoma (12.9%), adenocarcinoma (9.4%) and large cell carcinoma (2.4%). Bronchoscopy for the investigation of haemoptysis identified the commonest cause as 'bronchitis'. There were no complications noted in our series. Notable differences of our experience compared to that of the western series were the high percentage of bronchoscopy done for infective respiratory disorders and the younger age of our patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis*

A previously unknown reovirus of bat origin is associated with an acute respiratory disease in humans

Chua KB, Crameri G, Hyatt A, Yu M, Tompang MR, Rosli J, et al.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2007 Jul 03;104(27):11424-9.

PMID: 17592121

Respiratory infections constitute the most widespread human infectious disease, and a substantial proportion of them are caused by unknown etiological agents. Reoviruses (respiratory enteric orphan viruses) were first isolated from humans in the early 1950s and so named because they were not associated with any known disease. Here, we report a previously unknown reovirus (named "Melaka virus") isolated from a 39-year-old male patient in Melaka, Malaysia, who was suffering from high fever and acute respiratory disease at the time of virus isolation. Two of his family members developed similar symptoms approximately 1 week later and had serological evidence of infection with the same virus. Epidemiological tracing revealed that the family was exposed to a bat in the house approximately 1 week before the onset of the father's clinical symptoms. Genome sequence analysis indicated a close genetic relationship between Melaka virus and Pulau virus, a reovirus isolated in 1999 from fruit bats in Tioman Island, Malaysia. Screening of sera collected from human volunteers on the island revealed that 14 of 109 (13%) were positive for both Pulau and Melaka viruses. This is the first report of an orthoreovirus in association with acute human respiratory diseases. Melaka virus is serologically not related to the different types of mammalian reoviruses that were known to infect humans asymptomatically. These data indicate that bat-borne reoviruses can be transmitted to and cause clinical diseases in humans.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis

Identification of immunogenic proteins from Burkholderia cepacia secretome using proteomic analysis

Mariappan V, Vellasamy KM, Thimma JS, Hashim OH, Vadivelu J

Vaccine, 2010 Feb 3;28(5):1318-24.

PMID: 19944788 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.027

Burkholderia cepacia is an opportunistic human pathogen associated with lung infections. Secretory proteins of B. cepacia are known to be involved in virulence and may mediate important host-pathogen interactions. In the present study, secretory proteins isolated from B. cepacia culture supernatant were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, followed by Western blot analysis to identify the immunogenic proteins. Mice antibodies raised to B. cepacia inactivated whole bacteria, outer membrane protein and culture filtrate antigen detected 74, 104 and 32 immunogenic proteins, respectively. Eighteen of these immunogenic proteins which reacted with all three antibodies were identified and might be potential molecules as a diagnostic marker or a putative candidate vaccine against B. cepacia infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis

Pulmonary actinomycosis and skin sinuses

Lee JK

J Paediatr Child Health, 2007 Dec;43(12):854-5.

PMID: 18036023

A 12-year old girl presented with an unusual problem of recurrent discharging multiple skin sinuses on her right anterior and posterior chest wall for a year. There was ipsilateral lower lobe pneumonia and imaging showed multiple abscesses in her lower back muscles bilaterally. A purulent fluid was aspirated from her back muscles and the histology examination showed sulphur granules with gram positive branched filaments. She responded well to the treatment for actinomycosis with penicillin and doxycycline.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis*

A decade on: Follow-up findings of indigenous children with bronchiectasis

McCallum GB, Singleton RJ, Redding GJ, Grimwood K, Byrnes CA, Valery PC, et al.

Pediatr Pulmonol, 2020 04;55(4):975-985.

PMID: 32096916 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24696

OBJECTIVE: The sole prospective longitudinal study of children with either chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) or bronchiectasis published in the current era was limited to a single center. We sought to extend this study by evaluating the longer-term clinical and lung function outcomes and their associated risk factors in Indigenous children of adolescents from Australia, Alaska, and New Zealand who participated in our previous CSLD or bronchiectasis studies during 2004-2010.

METHODS: Between 2015 and 2018, we evaluated 131 out of 180 (72.8%) children of adolescents from the original studies at a single follow-up visit. We administered standardized questionnaires, reviewed medical records, undertook clinical examinations, performed spirometry, and scored available chest computed tomography scans.

RESULTS: Participants were seen at a mean age of 12.3 years (standard deviation: 2.6) and a median of 9.0 years (range: 5.0-13.0) after their original recruitment. With increasing age, rates of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) declined, while lung function was mostly within population norms (median forced expiry volume in one-second = 90% predicted, interquartile range [IQR]: 81-105; forced vital capacity [FVC] = 98% predicted, IQR: 85-114). However, 43 out of 111 (38.7%) reported chronic cough episodes. Their overall global rating judged by symptoms, including ALRI frequency, examination findings, and spirometry was well (20.3%), stable (43.9%), or improved (35.8%). Multivariable regression identified household tobacco exposure and age at first ALRI-episode as independent risk factors associated with lower FVC% predicted values.

CONCLUSION: Under our clinical care, the respiratory outcomes in late childhood or early adolescence are encouraging for these patient populations at high-risk of premature mortality. Prospective studies to further inform management throughout the life course into adulthood are now needed.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis

Fulltext Sarcoidosis: a review of cases seen at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur

Liam CK, Menon A

Singapore Med J, 1993 Apr;34(2):153-6.

PMID: 8266159

Fourteen cases of sarcoidosis consisting of 7 male and 7 female patients with a mean age of 42.4 years were seen at the University Hospital from 1972 to 1990. There were 10 Indians, 2 Malays, and 2 Chinese. Twelve patients had thoracic involvement. The other common disease manifestations included weight loss, arthralgia, hepatomegaly, erythema nodosum, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and hypercalcaemia. At initial presentation, the disease was in radiographic stage I, II, and III in 8, 3 and one patient respectively. The Kveim test was positive in 7 out of 9 patients. Eight patients required steroid therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis

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