Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 261 in total

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  1. Rajendran S, Lim JH, Yogalingam K, Kallarakkal TG, Zain RB, Jayasinghe RD, et al.
    Oral Dis, 2023 Jul;29(5):2230-2238.
    PMID: 35398971 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14206
    OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of a platform for image collection and annotation that resulted in a multi-sourced international image dataset of oral lesions to facilitate the development of automated lesion classification algorithms.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed a web-interface, hosted on a web server to collect oral lesions images from international partners. Further, we developed a customised annotation tool, also a web-interface for systematic annotation of images to build a rich clinically labelled dataset. We evaluated the sensitivities comparing referral decisions through the annotation process with the clinical diagnosis of the lesions.

    RESULTS: The image repository hosts 2474 images of oral lesions consisting of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and other oral lesions that were collected through MeMoSA® UPLOAD. Eight-hundred images were annotated by seven oral medicine specialists on MeMoSA® ANNOTATE, to mark the lesion and to collect clinical labels. The sensitivity in referral decision for all lesions that required a referral for cancer management/surveillance was moderate to high depending on the type of lesion (64.3%-100%).

    CONCLUSION: This is the first description of a database with clinically labelled oral lesions. This database could accelerate the improvement of AI algorithms that can promote the early detection of high-risk oral lesions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*
  2. Omar-Ahmad U, Ramanathan K
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Mar;22(3):172-81.
    PMID: 4234351
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/etiology*; Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology; Mouth Neoplasms/prevention & control*
  3. Wilson JW, Warren CZ
    Dent J Malaysia Singapore, 1970 Oct;10(2):26-31.
    PMID: 5278501
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/radiotherapy
  4. Ramanathan K
    Dent J Malaysia Singapore, 1972 May;12(1):3-8.
    PMID: 4507357
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology
  5. Ahmad AS, Doss JG, Ismail SM, Chen Kiong S, Jelon MA, Thangavalu L, et al.
    Curr Oncol, 2023 Feb 01;30(2):1733-1744.
    PMID: 36826095 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020134
    Caregivers providing care for their family members with oral cancer usually endure the caregiving burden in silence, which affects their quality of life and necessitates the need for supportive care. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the quality of life (QOL) of oral cancer caregivers and their supportive care needs (SCN) in Malaysia. The Malaysian versions of the Caregiver Oncology Quality of Life Questionnaire (M-CarGOQoL) and the Comprehensive Needs Assessment Tool for Cancer Caregivers (M-CNAT-C) were self-administered by 56 family caregivers of oral cancer patients from five tertiary hospitals throughout Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak between October and December 2021. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were employed, and the significance level was set at p < 0.05. The mean score for the QOL of caregivers was 76.16 ± 16.01, with the lowest scores in the psychological well-being (64.87 ± 30.12) and self-esteem (68.64 ± 28.29) domains. The mean score for SCN of caregivers was 36.42 ± 24.16, with the highest scores in the healthcare staff (58.44 ± 33.80) and information (55.35 ± 29.98) domains. The correlation between QOL and SCN was moderately inversed, (r(54) = 0.58, p < 0.01). There was a significant effect of caregiving duration (<3 h/day versus >3 h/day) on the combined dependent variables (QOL and SCN), F(2, 53) = 5.006, p < 0.01, partial η2 = 0.16. QOL and caregiving duration accounted for a significant 43% of SCN, R2 = 0.43, adjusted R2 = 0.41, F(2, 53) = 20.32, p < 0.01. In conclusion, oral cancer caregivers with poorer QOL have higher SCN. It is recommended that oral cancer caregivers be recognized by healthcare providers in order to deliver holistic patient care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*
  6. Prime SS, Cirillo N, Hassona Y, Lambert DW, Paterson IC, Mellone M, et al.
    J Oral Pathol Med, 2017 Feb;46(2):82-88.
    PMID: 27237745 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12456
    There is now compelling evidence that the tumour stroma plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancers of epithelial origin. The pre-eminent cell type of the stroma is carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. These cells demonstrate remarkable heterogeneity with activation and senescence being common stress responses. In this review, we summarise the part that these cells play in cancer, particularly oral cancer, and present evidence to show that activation and senescence reflect a unified programme of fibroblast differentiation. We report advances concerning the senescent fibroblast metabolome, mechanisms of gene regulation in these cells and ways in which epithelial cell adhesion is dysregulated by the fibroblast secretome. We suggest that the identification of fibroblast stress responses may be a valuable diagnostic tool in the determination of tumour behaviour and patient outcome. Further, the fact that stromal fibroblasts are a genetically stable diploid cell population suggests that they may be ideal therapeutic targets and early work in this context is encouraging.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology*; Mouth Neoplasms/physiopathology
  7. Goot-Heah K, Kwai-Lin T, Froemming GR, Abraham MT, Nik Mohd Rosdy NM, Zain RB
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(12):6109-13.
    PMID: 23464414
    BACKGROUND: Oral cancer has become one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and human Papillomavirus is one of the risk factors for developing oral cancer. For this study HPV18 was chosen as it is one of the high risk HPV types and may lead to carcinogenesis. However, prevalence of HPV18 infection in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Malaysia remains unclear.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the viral load of HPV18 DNA in OSCC and potentially malignant lesions using saliva samples.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genomic DNAs of thirty saliva samples of normal subjects and thirty saliva samples compromised of 16 samples from potentially malignant lesions and 14 of OSCC patients were amplified for HPV18 DNA using a nested polymerase chain reaction analysis. All PCR products were then analyzed using the Bioanalyzer to confirm presence of HPV18 DNA.

    RESULT: From thirty patients examined, only one of 30 (3.3%) cases was found to be positive for HPV18 in this study.

    CONCLUSION: The finding of this study revealed that there is a low viral detection of HPV18 in Malaysian OSCC by using saliva samples, suggesting that prevalence of HPV18 may not be important in this group of Malaysian OSCC.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
  8. Yadav M, Chandrashekran A, Vasudevan DM, Ablashi DV
    J Natl Cancer Inst, 1994 Dec 07;86(23):1792-4.
    PMID: 7966419
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/virology*
  9. MARSDEN AT
    Med J Malaya, 1960 Mar;14:162-5.
    PMID: 13767158
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*
  10. Ghani WMN, Razak IA, Doss JG, Ramanathan A, Tahir Z, Ridzuan NA, et al.
    J Public Health Dent, 2019 09;79(3):222-230.
    PMID: 30848842 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12313
    OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of mouth self-examination (MSE) as a self-screening tool for detection of oral mucosal lesions among an Indigenous population in Malaysia at high risk for oral premalignant and malignant disorders.

    METHODS: Two villages were selected as the sampling frame based on prevalence of tobacco and betel quid chewing habit. Respondents were asked to check their mouth for presence of lesion or abnormalities. Education on oral cancer, including MSE, was provided. Subsequently, respondents were asked to perform MSE. Finally, a clinical oral examination (COE) was done by a specialist and the presence of oral mucosal lesions was recorded.

    RESULTS: Almost 64.5 percent of respondents exhibited high levels of difficulty and low mucosal visualization and retracting ability, whereas 3.0 percent demonstrated high attention level when performing MSE. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 59.0 percent, whereas the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) was 9.0 percent. Detection of oral lesions by respondents using MSE was lower than detection by the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity of MSE for detection of all types of lesions were 8.6 and 95.0 percent respectively. When analyzing each lesion type separately, MSE was found to be most sensitive in detection of swellings (10.0 percent), and most specific in identifying white lesions (97.8 percent). For detection of OPMDs, although specificity was high (98.9 percent), sensitivity (0 percent), and +LR (0) was poor.

    CONCLUSION: MSE is not an effective self-screening tool for early detection of potentially malignant lesions for this population.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*
  11. Awang Hasyim N, Ismail S, Ling XF, Tilakaratne WM
    Head Neck Pathol, 2023 Sep;17(3):731-738.
    PMID: 36997684 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01545-x
    BACKGROUND: Odontogenic carcinosarcoma (OCS) is an exceptionally rare malignant mixed odontogenic neoplasm, which mostly arises from recurrent benign odontogenic tumour that undergoes malignant transformation.

    METHODS: A literature review was conducted using the keyword of "Odontogenic carcinosarcoma" and all relevant articles were screened. The data collected include demographic profile (age, gender), clinical information (symptoms, location, size), radiologic features, histopathological examination, management, recurrence, metastases, and survival status.

    RESULTS: A total of 17 OCS cases including a new case from our hospital. The incidence of OCS was highest in the third decades of life with predilection for male and posterior region of mandible. Clinically, patients may present with swelling and neurological symptoms. Radiographic examination often showed radiolucency with ill-defined border. This tumour demonstrates an aggressive behaviour with reported cases of distant metastases to the lung, lymph nodes, rib, and pelvis. Here, we report an interesting case of OCS in a 38-year-old man with a previous diagnosis of ameloblastoma. The patient was diagnosed with ameloblastoma but refused surgical intervention and returned after 10 years with rapidly enlarging mass on the right side of mandible. Microscopically, the lesion appears as biphasic odontogenic tumour with malignant cytological features seen in both epithelium and mesenchymal components. The spindle to round mesenchymal tumour cells were only positive for vimentin. Ki67 proliferation index was high in both epithelium and mesenchymal components.

    CONCLUSION: This case showed the tendency of untreated ameloblastoma to undergo malignant changes in the long term.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*
  12. Khode SR, Dwivedi RC, Rhys-Evans P, Kazi R
    J Cancer Res Ther, 2014 Jul-Sep;10(3):492-8.
    PMID: 25313727 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.138213
    Squamous cell carcinoma involving the oral cavity (OC) and oropharynx regions are a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. The recent discovery of a strong association between human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and OC and oropharyngeal (OP) cancer has prompted world-wide research into the exact etiology and pathogenesis of these cancers in relation to the HPV. HPV-positive OC/OP cancers generally present at a relatively advanced stage (by virtue of cervical nodal involvement) and are more commonly seen in younger patients without significant exposure to alcohol or tobacco. These factors are implicated in prognosis, regardless of HPV association. In this article, we review the biology and epidemiology, risk factors, association, molecular analyses, treatment response and prognosis of HPV-related cancers. Role of HPV vaccination in HPV-related OC/OP cancers has also been discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/etiology*; Mouth Neoplasms/mortality; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology; Mouth Neoplasms/therapy
  13. Hatta JM, Doss JG, Rogers SN
    Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2014 Feb;43(2):147-55.
    PMID: 24074487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.08.006
    The feasibility of using the Patients Concerns Inventory (PCI) to identify oral cancer patient concerns during consultation in oral and maxillofacial specialist clinics in Malaysia was assessed. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a consecutive clinical sampling technique of all new and follow-up oral cancer patients. Surgeons and counter staff were also recruited. Two-thirds of patients were elderly, 63.9% female, 55.6% Indian, 63.9% of lower-level education, and half had the lowest level household income. Patient status was mostly post-treatment (87.5%) and most were at cancer stage III/IV (63.9%); 59.7% had surgery. Patients took an average 5.9 min (95% CI 5.1-6.7 min) to complete the PCI. Physical domain appeared highest (94.4%); social/family relationship issues (4.2%) were lowest. Significant associations included patient age-personal function (P=0.02); patient education level-emotional status (P=0.05) and social/family relationship issues (P=0.04), and patient TNM staging-personal function (P=0.03). The patients' mean feasibility score for the PCI was 5.3 (95% CI 5.1-5.5) out of 6. Patients (93.1%) and surgeons (90%) found the PCI to be feasible. Only 57.1% of counter staff agreed on the use of the PCI during patient registration. Overall, the PCI was considered feasible, thus favouring its future use in routine oral cancer patient management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology; Mouth Neoplasms/psychology*; Mouth Neoplasms/therapy
  14. Chen Y, Azman SN, Kerishnan JP, Zain RB, Chen YN, Wong YL, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(10):e109012.
    PMID: 25272005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109012
    One of the most common cancers worldwide is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is associated with a significant death rate and has been linked to several risk factors. Notably, failure to detect these neoplasms at an early stage represents a fundamental barrier to improving the survival and quality of life of OSCC patients. In the present study, serum samples from OSCC patients (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 25) were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and silver staining in order to identify biomarkers that might allow early diagnosis. In this regard, 2-DE spots corresponding to various up- and down-regulated proteins were sequenced via high-resolution MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and analyzed using the MASCOT database. We identified the following differentially expressed host-specific proteins within sera from OSCC patients: leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein (LRG), alpha-1-B-glycoprotein (ABG), clusterin (CLU), PRO2044, haptoglobin (HAP), complement C3c (C3), proapolipoprotein A1 (proapo-A1), and retinol-binding protein 4 precursor (RBP4). Moreover, five non-host factors were detected, including bacterial antigens from Acinetobacter lwoffii, Burkholderia multivorans, Myxococcus xanthus, Laribacter hongkongensis, and Streptococcus salivarius. Subsequently, we analyzed the immunogenicity of these proteins using pooled sera from OSCC patients. In this regard, five of these candidate biomarkers were found to be immunoreactive: CLU, HAP, C3, proapo-A1 and RBP4. Taken together, our immunoproteomics approach has identified various serum biomarkers that could facilitate the development of early diagnostic tools for OSCC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/blood; Mouth Neoplasms/immunology*
  15. Chang SW, Kareem SA, Kallarakkal TG, Merican AF, Abraham MT, Zain RB
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(10):2659-64.
    PMID: 22320970
    The incidence of oral cancer is high for those of Indian ethnic origin in Malaysia. Various clinical and pathological data are usually used in oral cancer prognosis. However, due to time, cost and tissue limitations, the number of prognosis variables need to be reduced. In this research, we demonstrated the use of feature selection methods to select a subset of variables that is highly predictive of oral cancer prognosis. The objective is to reduce the number of input variables, thus to identify the key clinicopathologic (input) variables of oral cancer prognosis based on the data collected in the Malaysian scenario. Two feature selection methods, genetic algorithm (wrapper approach) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (filter approach) were implemented and compared with single-input models and a full-input model. The results showed that the reduced models with feature selection method are able to produce more accurate prognosis results than the full-input model and single-input model, with the Pearson's correlation coefficient achieving the most promising results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/ethnology; Mouth Neoplasms/mortality*
  16. Siar CH, Tan BH
    J Oral Sci, 2000 Dec;42(4):205-10.
    PMID: 11269378
    The turnaround time (TAT) for oral biopsies received for histological examination by the Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, for the years 1978, 1988 and 1998 was evaluated. For the three years studied, TATs for 61, 233 and 463 specimens were retrospectively analysed. Testing intervals, that is, from the dates the surgeons procured the specimens, the laboratories accessioned them and until the pathologists signed off the diagnoses, were used to calculate TAT. The performance level of the respective pathologists, the growth of tissue diagnostic services and the possible variables that influence TAT were also evaluated. As prompt diagnosis means prompt treatment, which in turn has a bearing on prognosis, the TAT pertinent to oral malignant tumors was emphasized. The mean TAT, its mode and median fell significantly in 1998 compared with the previous 2 years; it was lower for soft tissue than for hard tissue specimens, and lower for malignant, than for non-malignant specimens. The progression of tissue diagnostic services is up to a satisfactory level, as 88.89 % of biopsies could render diagnoses within a fair period of time in 1998.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology*
  17. Ramanathan K, Chelvanayagam PI, Ganesan TJ
    Med J Malaysia, 1981 Dec;36(4):234-8.
    PMID: 7334960
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
  18. Ramanathan K, Han NK
    Med J Malaysia, 1979 Jun;33(4):342-5.
    PMID: 522747
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
  19. Su Mun L, Wye Lum S, Kong Yuiin Sze G, Hock Yoong C, Ching Yung K, Kah Lok L, et al.
    PMID: 34299675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147224
    The past decade has witnessed a surge in epidemiological studies that have explored the relationship between the oral microbiome and oral cancer. Owing to the diversity of the published data, a comprehensive systematic overview of the currently available evidence is critical. This review summarises the current evidence on the metagenomic studies on the oral microbiome in oral cancer. A systematic search was conducted in Medline and Embase databases to identify original studies examining the differences in the oral microbiome of oral cancer cases and controls. A total of twenty-six studies were identified that reported differences in microbial abundance between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and controls. Although almost all the studies identified microbial dysbiosis to be associated with oral cancer, the detailed qualitative analysis did not reveal the presence/abundance of any individual bacteria or a consortium to be consistently enriched in OSCC samples across the studies. Interestingly, few studies reported a surge of periodontopathogenic taxa, especially Fusobacteria, whereas others demonstrated a depletion of commensal taxa Streptococci. Considerable heterogeneity could be identified in the parameters used for designing the studies as well as reporting the microbial data. If microbiome data needs to be translated in the future, to complement the clinical parameters for diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer, further studies with the integration of clinical variables, adequate statistical power, reproducible methods, and models are required.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*
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