MyMedR

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 146 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Management of the irradiated oral cancer patient

Wilson JW, Warren CZ

Dent J Malaysia Singapore, 1970 Oct;10(2):26-31.
PMID: 5278501
Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Optimal radiotherapy utilisation rate in developing countries: An IAEA study

Rosenblatt E, Barton M, Mackillop W, Fidarova E, Cordero L, Yarney J, et al.

Radiother Oncol, 2015 Jul;116(1):35-7.
PMID: 26164776 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.06.012

Optimal radiotherapy utilisation rate (RTU) is the proportion of all cancer cases that should receive radiotherapy. Optimal RTU was estimated for 9 Middle Income Countries as part of a larger IAEA project to better understand RTU and stage distribution.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
Orbitofacial dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with intranasal extension

Sharudin SN, Tan SW, Mohamad NF, Vasudevan SK, Khairan H, Mun YC, et al.

Orbit, 2018 Jun;37(3):196-200.
PMID: 29058523 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2017.1383474

A 25-year-old Chinese woman presented with recurrent painless swelling over the left medial canthus region for 3 months and intranasal mass for an indeterminate duration. Initial incision biopsy of the mass was reported as nodular fasciitis but the lesion recurred 3 weeks later. Intraoperative findings during repeat biopsy showed a mass extending from the deep dermal tissue into the anterior orbit and polyp-like nasal mass. Histopathology findings were that of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). The mass recurred 4 months later without orbital or intranasal recurrence. Wide excision biopsy under frozen section guidance was attempted however; clear surgical margins could not be achieved despite extensive resection. She was subsequently referred for adjuvant radiotherapy. We report an exceptionally rare case of local recurrence of DFSP in an unusual anatomic location. This case was surgically challenging in achieving negative margins, and thus neoadjuvant therapy may improve overall outcome to prevent local relapse.

Matched MeSH terms: Facial Neoplasms/radiotherapy; Nose Neoplasms/radiotherapy; Orbital Neoplasms/radiotherapy; Skin Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Palliative radiotherapy for advanced Cancer: Are we giving it to the right patient at the right time?

Syadwa AS, Anita ZB

Med J Malaysia, 2018 08;73(4):190-196.
PMID: 30121680 MyJurnal

AIM: Symptomatic relief following palliative radiotherapy for advanced cancers may take a few weeks up to a few months to achieve. Thus, accurate prognostication is important to avoid harm to these patients with limited lifespan. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the median survival and 30-day mortality (30-DM) and factors associated with these parameters in our centre.
METHODS: Data from 585 eligible patients who received palliative radiotherapy between January 2012 and December 2014 were analysed. Median overall survival was calculated from the commencement of first fraction of the last course of radiotherapy to date of death or when censored. 30-DM was calculated as the proportion of patients who died within 30 days from treatment start date. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate survival. Chi-square test and logistic regression was used to assess the impact of potential prognostic factors on median survival and 30-DM.
RESULTS: The most common diagnoses were lung and breast cancers and most common irradiated sites were bone and brain. Median survival and 30-DM were 97 days and 22.7% respectively. Primary cancer, age, treatment course, performance status, systemic treatment post radiotherapy and intended radiotherapy treatment completed had an impact on median survival whereas mainly the latter three factors had an impact on 30-DM.
CONCLUSION: Median survival and factors affecting both survival and 30-DM in our study are comparable to others. However, a 30-DM rate of 22.7% is significantly higher compared to the literature. We need to better select patients who will benefit from palliative radiotherapy in our centre.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy; Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy; Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
Postmastectomy radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer

Bhoo-Pathy N, Pignol JP, Verkooijen HM

Lancet, 2014 Nov 22;384(9957):1846.
PMID: 25457914 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62239-X
Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
Fulltext High dose rate intracavitary radiation therapy of carcinoma of the cervix using a linear source

Azhar T, Kamada T, Lopez F, Harun R, Nor I, Lim A

Med J Malaysia, 1991 Jun;46(2):123-8.
PMID: 1839415

One hundred patients with carcinoma of the cervix stages 1B to 4A were treated with intracavitary high dose rate radiation using a linear cobalt source. All cases have received external beam pelvic irradiation to 4500cGy mid plane in twenty fractions over four weeks. The results in terms of patient compliance and convenience were good while acute and late morbidities were comparable to standard Manchester technique of low dose rate intracavitary therapy as practised in the Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology General Hospital Kuala Lumpur. The four year actuarial survival rate is 76% for stage II and 48% for stage III. All three stage IV patients died within 1 year. Four out of seven stage I patients are alive (minimum follow-up 18 months, longest 43 months). One died of systemic spread at 33 months while one is lost to follow up.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
Role of miRNAs in regulating responses to radiotherapy in human breast cancer

Chong ZX, Yeap SK, Ho WY

Int J Radiat Biol, 2021;97(3):289-301.
PMID: 33356761 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1864048

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer that affects females globally. Radiotherapy is a standard treatment option for breast cancer, where one of its most significant limitations is radioresistance development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-protein-coding RNAs that have been widely studied for their roles as disease biomarkers. To date, several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have reported the roles of miRNAs in regulating radiosensitivity and radioresistance in breast cancer cells. This article reviews the roles of miRNAs in regulating treatment response toward radiotherapy and the associating cellular pathways. We identified 36 miRNAs that play a role in mediating radio-responses; 22 were radiosensitizing, 12 were radioresistance-promoting, and two miRNAs were reported to promote both effects. A brief overview of breast cancer therapy options, mechanism of action of radiation, and molecular mechanism of radioresistance was provided in this article. A summary of the latest clinical researches involving miRNAs in breast cancer radiotherapy was also included.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
Cervix Cancer Research Network (CCRN): Improving Access to Cervix Cancer Trials on a Global Scale

Gaffney D, Small B, Kitchener H, Young Ryu S, Viswanathan A, Trimble T, et al.

Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 2016 11;26(9):1690-1693.
PMID: 27779548

Eighty-seven percent of cervix cancer occurs in less-developed regions of the world, and there is up to an 18-fold difference in mortality rate for cervix cancer depending on the region of the world. The Cervix Cancer Research Network (CCRN) was founded through the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup with the aim of improving access to clinical trials in cervix cancer worldwide, and in so doing improving standards of care. The CCRN recently held its first international educational symposium in Bangkok. Sixty-two participants attended from 16 different countries including Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Taiwan, China, Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Columbia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States. The focus of this symposium was to evaluate progress, to promote new clinical trials for the CCRN, and to provide education regarding the role of brachytherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
THE USE OF RADIATION RESPONSE IN SELECTING THE METHOD OF TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA CERVICIS UTERI

CHESTERMAN JN

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Jun;17:263-8.
PMID: 14060502
Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
22nd International Conference on Medical Physics 2016, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical physics propelling global health

Tsapaki V, Ibbott G, Krisanachinda A, Ng KH, Suh TS, Tabakov S, et al.

Phys Med, 2017 Dec;44:196-198.
PMID: 29221890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.11.022

As medical technology evolves and patient needs increase, the need for well-trained and highly professional medical physicists (MPs) becomes even more urgent. The roles and responsibilities of MPs in various departments within the hospital are diverse and demanding. It is obvious that training, continuing education and professional development of MPs have become essential. One of the ways for an MP to advance his or her knowledge is to participate in conferences and congresses. Last year, the 22nd International Conference of Medical Physics (ICMP 2016) took place in Bangkok, Thailand. The event attracted 584 delegates with most of the participants coming from Asia. It attracted also delegates from 42 countries. The largest delegations were from Thailand, Japan and South Korea. ICMP 2016 included 367 oral presentations and e-posters, most of these being in the fields of Radiation Therapy, Medical Imaging and Radiation Safety. All abstracts were published as an e-book of Abstracts in a supplement to the official IOMP Journal. Many companies had exhibition stands at ICMP2016, thus allowing the participants to see the latest developments in the medical physics-related industry. The conference included 42 mini-symposia, part of the first "IOMP School" activity, covering various topics of importance for the profession and this special issue follows from the success of the conference.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Fulltext The deceiving encounter of a spontaneously ruptured urinary bladder

Salleh H, Azli S, Khairul-Asri MG, Jagwani A

Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2022 Mar;104(3):e67-e69.
PMID: 34812665 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0129

Spontaneous urinary bladder rupture is a rare condition. Radiotherapy treatment for malignancy of a pelvic organ such as cervix or prostate is one cause of this condition. We report a case of a 71-year-old woman who presented with this illness 30 years after radiotherapy treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the management of colorectal cancer

Lim Kok Hooi A

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 1992 Jul;19(8 Suppl):1233-5.
PMID: 1514837
Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/radiotherapy*; Rectal Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
Entrance dose measurement: a simple and reliable technique

Banjade DP, Raj TA, Ng BS, Xavier S, Tajuddin AA, Shukri A

Med Dosim, 2003;28(2):73-8.
PMID: 12804703

Verification of tumor dose for patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy is an important part of quality assurance programs in radiation oncology. Among the various methods available, entrance dose in vivo is one reliable method used to verify the tumor dose delivered to a patient. In this work, entrance dose measurements using LiF:Mg;Ti and LiF:Mg;Cu;P thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) without buildup cap was carried out. The TLDs were calibrated at the surface of a water equivalent phantom against the maximum dose, using 6- and 10-MV photon and 9-MeV electron beams. The calibration geometry was such that the TLDs were placed on the surface of the "solid-water" phantom and a calibrated ionization chamber was positioned inside the phantom at calibration depth. The calibrated TLDs were then utilized to measure the entrance dose during the treatment of actual patients. Measurements were also carried out in the same phantom simultaneously to check the stability of the system. The dose measured in the phantom using the TLDs calibrated for entrance dose to 6-and 10-MV photon beams was found to be close to the dose determined by the treatment planning system (TPS) with discrepancies of not more than 4.1% (mean 1.3%). Consequently, the measured entrance dose during dose delivery to the actual patients with a prescribed geometry was found to be compatible with a maximum discrepancy of 5.7% (mean 2.2%) when comparison was made with the dose determined by the TPS. Likewise, the measured entrance dose for electron beams in the phantom and in actual patients using the calibrated TLDs were also found to be close, with maximum discrepancies of 3.2% (mean 2.0%) and 4.8% (mean 2.3%), respectively. Careful implementation of this technique provides vital information with an ability to confidently accept treatment algorithms derived by the TPS or to re-evaluate the parameters when necessary.

Matched MeSH terms: Pelvic Neoplasms/radiotherapy*; Thoracic Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
Systematic investigation on the validity of partition model dosimetry for90Y radioembolization using Monte Carlo simulation

Hashikin NAA, Yeong CH, Guatelli S, Abdullah BJJ, Ng KH, Malaroda A, et al.

Phys Med Biol, 2017 Aug 22;62(18):7342-7356.
PMID: 28686171 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa7e5b

We aimed to investigate the validity of the partition model (PM) in estimating the absorbed doses to liver tumour ([Formula: see text]), normal liver tissue ([Formula: see text]) and lungs ([Formula: see text]), when cross-fire irradiations between these compartments are being considered. MIRD-5 phantom incorporated with various treatment parameters, i.e. tumour involvement (TI), tumour-to-normal liver uptake ratio (T/N) and lung shunting (LS), were simulated using the Geant4 Monte Carlo (MC) toolkit. 108track histories were generated for each combination of the three parameters to obtain the absorbed dose per activity uptake in each compartment ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]). The administered activities, A were estimated using PM, so as to achieve either limiting doses to normal liver, [Formula: see text] or lungs, [Formula: see text] (70 or 30 Gy, respectively). Using these administered activities, the activity uptake in each compartment ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) was estimated and multiplied with the absorbed dose per activity uptake attained using the MC simulations, to obtain the actual dose received by each compartment. PM overestimated [Formula: see text] by 11.7% in all cases, due to the escaped particles from the lungs. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by MC were largely affected by T/N, which were not considered by PM due to cross-fire exclusion at the tumour-normal liver boundary. These have resulted in the overestimation of [Formula: see text] by up to 8% and underestimation of [Formula: see text] by as high as -78%, by PM. When [Formula: see text] was estimated via PM, the MC simulations showed significantly higher [Formula: see text] for cases with higher T/N, and LS ⩽ 10%. All [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by MC were overestimated by PM, thus [Formula: see text] were never exceeded. PM leads to inaccurate dose estimations due to the exclusion of cross-fire irradiation, i.e. between the tumour and normal liver tissue. Caution should be taken for cases with higher TI and T/N, and lower LS, as they contribute to major underestimation of [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], a different correction factor for dose calculation may be used for improved accuracy.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/radiotherapy; Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Feasibility of Salvage Selective Neck Dissection after Primary Irradiation of Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Carcinoma

Mat Lazim N, Abdullah K, Karakullukcu B, Tan IB

ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec, 2018;80(1):10-18.
PMID: 29428959 DOI: 10.1159/000486371

INTRODUCTION: The concept of neck dissection (ND) in the management armamentarium of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has evolved throughout the years. Nowadays, ND becomes more functional.
METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study of 865 patients was performed at Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital to investigate the feasibility of selective ND (SND). All patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx who received primary radiation and underwent salvage ND were included in the study.
RESULT: A total of 29 NDs were analyzed. In 17 neck sides, viable metastases were found (58%), whereas in the other 12 specimens there were no viable metastases. In 16 of the 17 necks (94%), the metastases were located either in level II, III, or IV or in a combination of these 3 levels. Level V was involved in only 1 case (6%).
CONCLUSION: It is well justified to perform a salvage SND (levels II, III, and IV) for pharyngeal and laryngeal carcinoma after primary radiation. In carefully selected cases of supraglottic and oropharyngeal carcinoma, a superselective ND also appears as an efficient option.

Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy; Laryngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy; Pharyngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Managing complications of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer patients: Part IV. Management of osteoradionecrosis

Ramli R, Ngeow WC, Rahman RA, Chai WL

Singapore Dent J, 2006 Dec;28(1):11-5.
PMID: 17378336

Head and neck cancer is becoming a more recognizable pathology to the general population and dentists. The modes of treatment include surgery and/or radiation therapy. Pretreatment dental assessment should be provided for these patients before they undergo radiation therapy. There are occasions, however, whereby head and neck cancer patients are not prepared optimally and, as a result, they succumb to complicated oral adverse effects after radiation therapy. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a severe debilitating condition that impairs healing due to reduction in vascularity and osteocyte population in the affected bone. This article reviews methods of treatment used to treat ORN such as antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, therapeutic ultrasound, surgery, and other modalities.

Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
Fulltext On the Use of Optically Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeter for Surface Dose Measurement during Radiotherapy

Yusof FH, Ung NM, Wong JH, Jong WL, Ath V, Phua VC, et al.

PLoS One, 2015;10(6):e0128544.
PMID: 26052690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128544

This study was carried out to investigate the suitability of using the optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) in measuring surface dose during radiotherapy. The water equivalent depth (WED) of the OSLD was first determined by comparing the surface dose measured using the OSLD with the percentage depth dose at the buildup region measured using a Markus ionization chamber. Surface doses were measured on a solid water phantom using the OSLD and compared against the Markus ionization chamber and Gafchromic EBT3 film measurements. The effect of incident beam angles on surface dose was also studied. The OSLD was subsequently used to measure surface dose during tangential breast radiotherapy treatments in a phantom study and in the clinical measurement of 10 patients. Surface dose to the treated breast or chest wall, and on the contralateral breast were measured. The WED of the OSLD was found to be at 0.4 mm. For surface dose measurement on a solid water phantom, the Markus ionization chamber measured 15.95% for 6 MV photon beam and 12.64% for 10 MV photon beam followed by EBT3 film (23.79% and 17.14%) and OSLD (37.77% and 25.38%). Surface dose increased with the increase of the incident beam angle. For phantom and patient breast surface dose measurement, the response of the OSLD was higher than EBT3 film. The in-vivo measurements were also compared with the treatment planning system predicted dose. The OSLD measured higher dose values compared to dose at the surface (Hp(0.0)) by a factor of 2.37 for 6 MV and 2.01 for 10 MV photon beams, respectively. The measurement of absorbed dose at the skin depth of 0.4 mm by the OSLD can still be a useful tool to assess radiation effects on the skin dermis layer. This knowledge can be used to prevent and manage potential acute skin reaction and late skin toxicity from radiotherapy treatments.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Fulltext Radiation therapy in skeletal metastases

Sharma DN, Gairola M, Mohanti BK, Rath GK

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Jun;54(2):210-5.
PMID: 10972031

From June 1993 to September 1995, 132 case files of patients who received palliative radiotherapy (RT) for skeletal metastases were reviewed. Majority of the patients (75/132) was in the age range of 41-60 years. Common sites of metastases were the vertebrae (86 patients) and the pelvic bones (40 patients). The major primary tumors encountered were as follows: multiple myeloma (30), breast cancer (25) and prostate cancer (20). Pain was the commonest symptom of presentation. Doses of palliative RT ranged from 8-40 Gy in different fractionation schedules. Ninety-four patients showed more than 50% symptomatic response, 26 had no response and 12 were lost to follow up immediately after the treatment. Single fraction treatments resulted in almost similar responses compared to various multiple fraction treatments. To conclude, short course radiation therapy regimes are optimum in our local circumstances where RT resources are limited and patients have to travel long distances to attend hospital.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
Fulltext Radiation doses to patient's relatives following radioiodine therapy

Sulaiman BT, Clarke SE

Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):131-3.
PMID: 10967992

A total of 10 volunteers were monitored for radiation doses, whose spouses were given radio-iodine (131I) orally. Nine of the spouses were given radio-iodine for Graves' disease and one for thyroid carcinoma. It was found that the highest radiation dose received by the volunteer was only 13.5% of the annual dose limit for individual members of the public. Hence, patients treated with radio-iodine do not pose a significant radiation hazard to the public.

Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
Fulltext Experience of radioactive needle implants in the Institute of Radiotherapy Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Lim GC, Azhar MT

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Mar;52(1):33-7.
PMID: 10968051

This retrospective study of radioactive needle implants at the Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital serves as an audit of our practice as well as a demonstration of the usefulness of this technique of brachytherapy. A variety of tumour sites were implanted, of which over two-thirds involved the tongue and buccal mucosa. Although most of the implants were carried out with radical intent, one-tenth of these implants were performed for palliation. Radiotherapy techniques employed are described. The crude survival ranged from 1 month to 109 months while the disease free interval ranged from 0 months to 102 months.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/radiotherapy*

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links