METHODS: Utilizing a cross-sectional design, the research was conducted in April and May 2023 with 1348 LBCs from a total sample of 4049 students inZhejiang. A two-step random, stratified, cluster-based sampling strategy was employed, and structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized relationships among the constructs.

RESULTS: The statistical analysis demonstrated significant positive effects of intellectual engagement (IE), AUT, COM, and RE on both REL and PTG (p  .60) underscoring their importance. Notably, REL was found to moderate the relationships among RES, COM, and PTG, highlighting its critical role in the psychological adaptation of left-behind children.

DESIGN: Systematic review.

DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from 2017-2022.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: The inclusion criteria include original articles, case studies and reports that has been written in the English Language, while manuscripts with no full article, reviews, newspaper reports, grey literatures, and articles that did not answer the review objectives were excluded.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: We carried out data extraction using a standardized data extraction form, that has been organized using Microsoft Excel. A narrative synthesis was carried out to combine the findings of all included articles.

RESULTS: A total of 70 records were identified and 18 were reviewed, yielding eight articles to be included in the accepted list of studies. All studies were conducted in developing countries and most of the studies were cross sectional. Factors that were associated with women's autonomy in healthcare decision making were age, women's education and occupation, husbands'/partners' education and occupation, residential location or region of residence, household wealth index as well as culture and religion.

CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of an 18-year-old Muslim female with no prior significant medical history who arrived at the emergency department unconscious and in impending respiratory arrest. The clinical team recommended intubation to prevent critical deterioration. However, the patient's sole legal guardian-her mother-adamantly refused consent for endotracheal intubation and other potentially life-saving measures, including CPR, citing personal mistrust and past negative healthcare experiences. In response, the team adopted a less effective non-invasive ventilation strategy and pursued repeated discussions to understand the mother's rationale. Despite these efforts, the patient's trajectory only improved gradually without the recommended definitive intervention. The patient, once conscious, deferred decision-making entirely to her mother. Subsequent readmissions repeated this pattern of refusal and partial treatment acceptance. Ultimately, the patient recovered sufficiently for discharge, though underlying risk factors remained poorly addressed as she defaulted on her subsequent follow-up appointment.

METHODS: The current study employed a cross-sectional design involving 618 college athletes (354 females, mean age 20.57 years), comprising 303 participants in individual sports and 315 in team sports. These participants completed the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2), the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), and the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale in General (BPNSS-G) online. Subsequently, correlation, regression, and mediation analyses were conducted using SPSS and JASP to examine the relationships between the variables.