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Dentists should be at the forefront in the fight against sugar

Masood M, Masood Y, Reidpath DD, Newton T

Lancet, 2014 Jun 14;383(9934):2046.
PMID: 24931691 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60996-X
Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects*
Dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar and risk of breast cancer according to menopausal status in Malaysia

Sulaiman S, Shahril MR, Wafa SW, Shaharudin SH, Hussin SN

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(14):5959-64.
PMID: 25081729

BACKGROUND: Dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake has been shown to play a role in the etiology of breast cancer, but the findings have been inconsistent and limited to developed countries with higher cancer incidence.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk with dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This population based case-control study was conducted in Malaysia with 382 breast cancer patients and 382 controls. Food intake pattern was assessed via an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a broad range of potential confounders were included in analysis.
RESULTS: A significant two fold increased risk of breast cancer among premenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=1.93, 95%CI: 1.53-2.61, p-trend=0.001) and postmenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=1.87, 95%CI: 1.03-2.61, p-trend=0.045) women was observed in the highest quartile of sugar. A higher intake of dietary fiber was associated with a significantly lower breast cancer risk among both premenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=0.31, 95%CI: 0.12-0.79, p-trend=0.009) and postmenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=0.23, 95%CI: 0.07-0.76, p-trend=0.031) women.
CONCLUSIONS: Sugar and dietary fiber intake were independently related to pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. However, no association was observed for dietary carbohydrate intake.

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects*
Relationship between oral hygiene state and levels of oral sensory perception and motor ability

Jalil RA, Cornick DE

J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 1994 Sep;36(3):175-82.
PMID: 7989959

It has been postulated that subjects with high levels of oral sensory perception and motor ability are able to achieve higher standards of oral hygiene even under different dietary regimes. In this study, eleven dental personnel volunteers were started on a low-sucrose diet for one week, followed by a high-sucrose diet for another week, while eleven others followed a reverse-order dietary regime. Oral sensory perception and motor ability were assessed by the oral stereognosis test and a test for oral motor ability. There was a greater trend for subjects to have more plaque on their teeth when they were on the high-sucrose diet, even when normal oral hygiene procedures were taken. There were no significant correlations between the state of oral hygiene and levels of oral sensory perception and motor ability. These results do not support the hypothesis that subjects with high levels of oral sensory perception and motor ability are likely to achieve better oral hygiene.

Matched MeSH terms: Sucrose/adverse effects
A sweet promise among Malaysians

Loo KW, Griffiths LR, Gan SH

J Diabetes, 2014 Sep;6(5):447.
PMID: 24645716 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12151
Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects*
Addiction to sugar and its link to health morbidity: a primer for newer primary care and public health initiatives in Malaysia

Swarna Nantha Y

J Prim Care Community Health, 2014 Oct;5(4):263-70.
PMID: 24879656 DOI: 10.1177/2150131914536988

Objectives: The average consumption of sugar in the Malaysian population has reached an alarming rate, exceeding the benchmark recommended by experts. This article argues the need of a paradigm shift in the management of sugar consumption in the country through evidence derived from addiction research.
Methods: “Food addiction” could lead to high levels of sugar consumption. This probable link could accelerate the development of diabetes and obesity in the community. A total of 94 reports and studies that describe the importance of addiction theory–based interventions were found through a search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Academic Search Complete.
Results: Research in the field of addiction medicine has revealed the addictive potential of high levels of sugar intake. Preexisting health promotion strategies could benefit from the integration of the concept of sugar addiction. A targeted intervention could yield more positive results in health outcomes within the country.
Conclusion: Current literature seems to support food environment changes, targeted health policies, and special consultation skills as cost-effective remedies to curb the rise of sugar-related health morbidities.
Keywords. sugar addiction, food environment, health promotion, non communicable diseases, dietary habits, health policies

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects*
Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and its associations with cardiometabolic risks among adolescents

Loh DA, Moy FM, Zaharan NL, Jalaludin MY, Mohamed Z

Pediatr Obes, 2017 02;12(1):e1-e5.
PMID: 26843446 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12108

BACKGROUND: Investigations on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and cardiometabolic risks among Asians are scant.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine associations between SSB intake and cardiometabolic risks among Malaysian adolescents.
METHODS: Anthropometric data, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles and insulin levels measured involved 873 adolescents (aged 13 years). SSB intake, dietary patterns and physical activity level (PAL) were self-reported.
RESULTS: Mean SSB consumption was 177.5 mL day-1 with significant differences among ethnicities (Malay, Chinese, Indians and Others) (p

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects*
Sugar consumption and caries occurrence among Pakistani school children

Taqi M, Razak IA, Ab-Murat N

J Pak Med Assoc, 2018 Oct;68(10):1483-1487.
PMID: 30317346

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency and pattern of sugar intake among Pakistani school going children and its association with early carious lesion and caries history.
METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2016 in seven schools of Bhakkar district in the Punjab province of Pakistan, and comprised of school children aged 11-12 years. Diet diaries were used to assess the frequency of sugar intake while caries was assessed using the Modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Bivariate analysis was used to assess the association of sugar consumption and early carious lesion with selected sociodemographic variables, and regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factor that matters most in caries occurrence.
RESULTS: Of the 226 subjects, 115(51%) had early carious lesion. Mean frequency of sugar intake was 5.2±3.2 times per day. Children who consumed sugar between main meals (p=0.01) and within two hours before bedtime (p=0.04) had significantly higher history of having caries. Cariogenic intake before bedtime was significantly associated with overall caries risk (p=0.02).
CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of sugar intake among the subjects was slightly higher than the recommended level. .

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects
Impact of national income and inequality on sugar and caries relationship

Masood M, Masood Y, Newton T

Caries Res, 2012;46(6):581-8.
PMID: 23006794 DOI: 10.1159/000342170

The aim of this study was to examine the impact that national income and income inequality in high and low income countries have on the relationship between dental caries and sugar consumption.

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects
Processed foods and the nutrition transition: evidence from Asia

Baker P, Friel S

Obes Rev, 2014 Jul;15(7):564-77.
PMID: 24735161 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12174

This paper elucidates the role of processed foods and beverages in the 'nutrition transition' underway in Asia. Processed foods tend to be high in nutrients associated with obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases: refined sugar, salt, saturated and trans-fats. This paper identifies the most significant 'product vectors' for these nutrients and describes changes in their consumption in a selection of Asian countries. Sugar, salt and fat consumption from processed foods has plateaued in high-income countries, but has rapidly increased in the lower-middle and upper-middle-income countries. Relative to sugar and salt, fat consumption in the upper-middle- and lower-middle-income countries is converging most rapidly with that of high-income countries. Carbonated soft drinks, baked goods, and oils and fats are the most significant vectors for sugar, salt and fat respectively. At the regional level there appears to be convergence in consumption patterns of processed foods, but country-level divergences including high levels of consumption of oils and fats in Malaysia, and soft drinks in the Philippines and Thailand. This analysis suggests that more action is needed by policy-makers to prevent or mitigate processed food consumption. Comprehensive policy and regulatory approaches are most likely to be effective in achieving these goals.

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects
Fulltext Glycyrrhizic acid can attenuate metabolic deviations caused by a high-sucrose diet without causing water retention in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Fernando HA, Chandramouli C, Rosli D, Lam YL, Yong ST, Yaw HP, et al.

Nutrients, 2014 Nov 04;6(11):4856-71.
PMID: 25375630 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114856

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) ameliorates many components of the metabolic syndrome, but its potential therapeutic use is marred by edema caused by inhibition of renal 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2). We assessed whether 100 mg/kg per day GA administered orally could promote metabolic benefits without causing edema in rats fed on a high-sucrose diet. Groups of eight male rats were fed on one of three diets for 28 days: normal diet, a high-sucrose diet, or a high-sucrose diet supplemented with GA. Rats were then culled and renal 11β-HSD2 activity, as well as serum sodium, potassium, angiotensin II and leptin levels were determined. Histological analyses were performed to assess changes in adipocyte size in visceral and subcutaneous depots, as well as hepatic and renal tissue morphology. This dosing paradigm of GA attenuated the increases in serum leptin levels and visceral, but not subcutaneous adipocyte size caused by the high-sucrose diet. Although GA decreased renal 11β-HSD2 activity, it did not affect serum electrolyte or angiotensin II levels, indicating no onset of edema. Furthermore, there were no apparent morphological changes in the liver or kidney, indicating no toxicity. In conclusion, it is possible to reap metabolic benefits of GA without edema using the current dosage and treatment time.

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects
Sargassum polycystum reduces hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress via increasing insulin sensitivity in a rat model of type 2 diabetes

Motshakeri M, Ebrahimi M, Goh YM, Matanjun P, Mohamed S

J Sci Food Agric, 2013 May;93(7):1772-8.
PMID: 23208488 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5971

BACKGROUND: Sargassum polycystum, a brown seaweed, contains various nutrients and bioactive compounds that have antioxidant and healing properties. The research hypothesises that antioxidants and pigments in dietary S. polycystum extracts can improve insulin sensitivity, blood sugar levels and blood lipid levels in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. The diabetes was induced by a high-sugar, high-fat diet for 16 weeks to enhance insulin resistance, followed by a low-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg kg(-1) body weight). The doses of S. polycystum tested on diabetic rats were 150 and 300 mg kg(-1) body weight for the ethanolic extract or 150 and 300 mg kg(-1) for the water extract. Normal rats, untreated diabetic and metformin-treated diabetic rats (n = 6) were used as control.
RESULTS: Both doses of the alcohol extract of S. polycystum and the 300 mg kg(-1) water extract, significantly reduced blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C ) levels. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and plasma atherogenic index were significantly decreased after 22 days treatment in all seaweed groups. Unlike metformin, S. polycystum did not significantly change plasma insulin in the rats, but increased the response to insulin.
CONCLUSION: The consumption of either ethanolic or water extracts of S. polycystum dose dependently reduced dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetic rats. S. polycystum is a potential insulin sensitiser, for a comestible complementary therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes which can help reduce atherogenic risk.

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects