METHODS: The records of 126 eyes from 54 male and 72 female eyes were studied retrospectively, ranging from 6 months to 3 years post-PRK. Refractive errors ranged from low to high myopia and astigmatism, and proper and careful preoperative selection of patients was made. A single standard ablation zone (AZ) of 6.00 mm and transition zone (TZ) of 7.00 mm was made in all cases.
RESULTS: The study population showed a high degree of accuracy in visual outcome. In simple myopia, 92.3% of female eyes and 84.1% of male eyes had a visual acuity of more than 6/9 or better. In myopia with astigmatism, 83.05% of female and 65.9% of male eyes had a visual acuity of 6/9 (20/40) or better. However, despite the residual myopia, whether with or induced astigmatism, post PRK visual acuity seemed to be less influenced by it, than as in the pre-PRK status.
CONCLUSION: This study showed an accuracy in visual outcome of > 90% for females and > 80% for males. The Nidek EC-500 was satisfactory for its purpose.
METHODS: 120 primary pterygium participants were selected from patients who visited an ophthalmology clinic. We adopted image analysis software in calculating the size of invading pterygium to the cornea. The marking of the calculated area was done manually, and the total area size was measured in pixel. The computed area is defined as the area from the apex of pterygium to the limbal-corneal border. Then, from the pixel, it was transformed into a percentage (%), which represents the CPTA relative to the entire corneal surface area. Intra- and inter-observer reliability testing were performed by repeating the tracing process twice with a different sequence of images at least one (1) month apart. Intraclass correlation (ICC) and scatter plot were used to describe the reliability of measurement.
RESULTS: The overall mean (N=120) of CPTA was 45.26±13.51% (CI: 42.38-48.36). Reliability for region of interest (ROI) demarcation of CPTA were excellent with intra and inter-agreement of 0.995 (95% CI, 0.994-0.998; P<0.001) and 0.994 (95% CI, 0.992-0.997; P<0.001) respectively. The new method was positively associated with corneal astigmatism (P<0.01). This method was able to predict 37% of the variance in CA compared to 21% using standard method.
CONCLUSIONS: Image analysis method is useful, reliable and practical in the clinical setting to objectively quantify actual pterygium size, shapes and its effects on the anterior corneal curvature.
METHODS: A total of 69 patients with topographic corneal astigmatism of 1.0 Diopter (D) and above who underwent cataract surgery between June 2015 and December 2016 were included in this retrospective observational study. All preoperative toric IOL calculations were performed using immersion biometry. Appropriate formula to calculate toric IOL power was applied (SRK/T, Holladay 1 or Hoffer Q formula). All patients undergone similar uncomplicated phacoemulsification with implantation of AcrySoft IQ SN6AT toric IOL of different powers. Visual outcome, refractive status and axis of lens were evaluated at six weeks postoperatively. Ethical approval from the Ministry of Health Medical Research Ethics Committee was obtained prior to commencement of study.
RESULTS: The mean refractive astigmatism decreased from 1.69 D ±1.10 (SD) to 0.81 D ± 0.40 (SD) at six weeks postoperatively. The mean postoperative spherical equivalent was at -0.37 D ±0.64 (SD). Mean LogMAR for uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity in six weeks postoperative patients was at 0.29 ±0.16 (SD) and 0.12 ±0.12 (SD) respectively. Intraoperative to 6 weeks of postoperative comparison of IOL axis alignment showed low levels of rotation (mean 3.21 ±2.52 degrees).
CONCLUSION: Cataract surgery with implantation of toric IOL was stable and effective in improving pre-existing regular corneal astigmatism.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of visual impairment and amblyopia in Malaysian preschool children.
METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted on children aged four to six years from 51 participating kindergartens in the district of Segamat, Johor, Malaysia from 20 March 2016 to 6 April 2016. All subjects had initial eye screening consisting of LogMar visual acuity, orthoptics examination and Spot vision screener assessment. Subjects who failed the initial eye screening were invited for a formal eye assessment consisting of cycloplegic refraction and a comprehensive ocular examination. Definitions of visual impairment and amblyopia were based on the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study criteria.
RESULTS: A total of 1287 children were recruited. Mean subject age was 5.03 (SD:0.77) and males represented 52.3% of subjects. Subjects by ethnicity were Malay (54.8%), Chinese (27.7%), Indian (15.6%) and Orang Asli (1.9%). Formal eye assessment was required for 221 subjects and 88.8% required ophthalmic intervention. Refractive error, representing 95.4% of diagnosed ocular disorders, comprised of astigmatism (84%), myopia (9%) and hypermetropia (6.9%). With-the-rule astigmatism was present in 93.4% of the subjects with astigmatism. Visual impairment was present in 12.5% of our subjects, with 61% having bilateral visual impairment. Of the subjects with visual impairment, 59.1% had moderate visual impairment. The prevalence of amblyopia was 7.53%, and 66% of the amblyopic subjects had bilateral amblyopia.
CONCLUSION: Our study highlights an urgent need for initiation of preschool vision screening in Malaysia.