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Serum complement (C3 and C4) levels in the Malaysian adult population

Yap SF, Pang T

Asian J Infect Dis, 1979 Jun;3(2):85-7.
PMID: 120736

Serum C3 and C4 values were determined in 236 normal adults of three racial groups, using the single radial immunodiffusion techniques. The C3 levels varied from 47 to 119 mg/dl and C4 levels from 16 to 66 ml/dl (mean +/- 2SD). The values were found to be comparable to the normals reported in some Western series. No significant differences in the levels related to sex and race were found.

Matched MeSH terms: Complement C3/analysis*
Studies on human filariasis in Malaysia: immunoglobulin and complement levels in persons infected with Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti

Joon-Wah M, Singh M, Yap EH, Ho BC, Kang KL

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1979;73(4):395-9.
PMID: 400204

Levels of immunoglobulins G, A, M and E as well as complement components C3c and C4 have been determined in populations in various endemic areas in Peninsular Malaysia and also in filariasis patients. High immunoglobulin levels were seen. In the microfilarial-negative group IgG was 2009 mg% while IgE was 3967 I.U./ml. In the filariasis group, Wuchereria bancrofti patients had significantly higher levels of IgG, IgM and IgE, namely, 3314 mg%, 804 mg% and 18400 I.U./ml respectively. The significance of these levels is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Complement C3/analysis
Relationship of selective complement markers with schizophrenia

Mohd Asyraf AJ, Nour El Huda AR, Hanisah MN, Norsidah KZ, Norlelawati AT

J Neuroimmunol, 2022 02 15;363:577793.
PMID: 34990981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577793

Immune system dysregulation may be involved in schizophrenia, but biomarker studies have thus far reported inconsistent findings. The relationship of plasma levels of complement markers C3 and C4, with schizophrenia, sociodemographic and clinico-psychological factors were here studied in 183 patients and 212 controls. C3 and C4 levels were significantly higher in the patients and in subjects with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (p complements C3 and C4 are potential peripheral biomarkers in schizophrenia.

Matched MeSH terms: Complement C3/metabolism*
Changes in complement C3 levels following treatment of patients with Brugia malayi infection

Yadav M

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1989 Jun;20(2):183-7.
PMID: 2609207

Serum IgG levels and complement C3 levels were assayed on Day 0, 1, 3-4, 7 and 56-70 post-treatment with diethylcarbamizine citrate (DEC) in a series to 26 patients with Brugia malayi infection and 6 volunteers without infection. On treatment, the microfilariae were cleared from the blood within 24 hours. The eosinophils decreased dramatically on Day 1 post-treatment but increased rapidly by Day 4 to 7 and then dropped to normal levels in 45 days. The serum IgG mean levels decreased briefly following treatment with DEC but then returned to original levels. However, the complement C3 levels gradually increased over the 2 months period of study reaching statistical significance levels (p less than 0.01) in patients with initial high blood microfilariae. The observation suggests that Brugia malayi infection probably induces a high rate of synthesis of complement C3 and this process continued in the post-treatment phase. Since, DEC treatment did not cause a decrease in complement C3 with the elimination of blood microfilariae, it would appear that the complement C3 is consumed following antibody attachment to the microfilariae as they enter the blood circulation.

Matched MeSH terms: Complement C3/analysis*
Fulltext Protective role of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) against the toxic effects of bisphenol A on morphology and sex steroid receptor expression in the rat uterus

Zaid SSM, Othman S, Kassim NM

Biomed Pharmacother, 2021 Aug;140:111757.
PMID: 34044283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111757

BACKGROUND: Numerous scientific studies have found that young women are at a high risk of reproductive infertility due to their routine exposure to numerous bisphenol A (BPA) products. This risk is highly associated with the production of reactive oxygen species from BPA products. Ficus deltoidea, which has strong antioxidant properties, was selected as a potential protective agent to counter the detrimental effects of BPA in the rat uterus.
METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into four groups (n = 8) as follows: (i) the Normal Control group (NC), (ii) the BPA-exposed group (PC), (iii) the group concurrently treated with BPA and F. deltoidea (FC) and (iv) the group treated with F. deltoidea alone (F).
RESULTS: After 6 weeks of concurrent treatment with F. deltoidea, uterine abnormalities in the BPA-exposed rats showed a significant improvement. Specifically, the size of stromal cells increased; interstitial spaces between stromal cells expanded; the histology of the glandular epithelium and the myometrium appeared normal and mitotic figures were present. The suppressive effects of BPA on the expression levels of sex steroid receptors (ERα and ERβ) and the immunity gene C3 were significantly normalised by F. deltoidea treatment. The role of F. deltoidea as an antioxidant agent was proven by the significant reduction in malondialdehyde level in BPA-exposed rats. Moreover, in BPA-exposed rats, concurrent treatment with F. deltoidea could normalise the level of the gonadotropin hormone, which could be associated with an increase in the percentage of rats with a normal oestrous cycle.
CONCLUSION: F. deltoidea has the potential to counter the toxic effects of BPA on the female reproductive system. These protective effects might be due to the phytochemical properties of F. deltoidea. Therefore, future study is warranted to identify the bioactive components that contribute to the protective effects of F. deltoidea.

Matched MeSH terms: Complement C3/genetics
Fulltext Genetic justification of severe COVID-19 using a rigorous algorithm

Gavriilaki E, Asteris PG, Touloumenidou T, Koravou EE, Koutra M, Papayanni PG, et al.

Clin Immunol, 2021 May;226:108726.
PMID: 33845193 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108726

Recent studies suggest excessive complement activation in severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The latter shares common characteristics with complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). We hypothesized that genetic susceptibility would be evident in patients with severe COVID-19 (similar to TMA) and associated with disease severity. We analyzed genetic and clinical data from 97 patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Through targeted next-generation-sequencing we found an ADAMTS13 variant in 49 patients, along with two risk factor variants (C3, 21 patients; CFH,34 patients). 31 (32%) patients had a combination of these, which was independently associated with ICU hospitalization (p = 0.022). Analysis of almost infinite variant combinations showed that patients with rs1042580 in thrombomodulin and without rs800292 in complement factor H did not require ICU hospitalization. We also observed gender differences in ADAMTS13 and complement-related variants. In light of encouraging results by complement inhibitors, our study highlights a patient population that might benefit from early initiation of specific treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Complement C3/genetics*