Displaying all 7 publications

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  1. Malik A, Cheah PL, Hilmi IN, Chan SP, Goh KL
    J Dig Dis, 2007 Feb;8(1):58-64.
    PMID: 17261137
    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing rapidly in the Asia-Pacific region. There has been a paucity of studies from the region. The aims of this study were to define the demographic, anthropometric, metabolic and histological characteristics of patients with NAFLD in our local population and to determine independent predictors of severe liver fibrosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Liver/diagnosis
  2. Korenek J
    Vnitr Lek, 1970 Apr;16(4):371-8.
    PMID: 4910163
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Liver/diagnosis
  3. Chan WK, Nik Mustapha NR, Mahadeva S, Wong VW, Cheng JY, Wong GL
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018 Oct;33(10):1787-1794.
    PMID: 29603365 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14150
    BACKGROUND AND AIM: There are limited studies on controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) using Fibroscan XL probe for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis grade. The aim of this study was to determine whether previously defined optimal cut-offs for CAP using the M probe could be applied for the XL probe.

    METHODS: Adult patients with chronic liver disease who had a liver biopsy and examination with both the M and XL probes were included. Previously defined optimal cut-offs for CAP using the M probe were used for the diagnosis of steatosis grades ≥S1, ≥S2, and S3 (248, 268, and 280 dB/m, respectively).

    RESULTS: Data for 180 patients were analyzed (mean age 53.7 ± 10.8 years; central obesity 84.5%; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 86.7%). The distribution of steatosis grades was S0, 9.4%; S1, 28.3%; S2, 43.9%, and S3, 18.3%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CAP using the M/XL probe for the diagnosis of steatosis grade ≥S1 was 93.9%/93.3%, 58.8%/58.8%, 95.6%/95.6%, and 50.0%/47.6%, respectively. These values were 94.6%/94.6%, 41.2%/44.1%, 72.6%/73.6%, and 82.4%/83.3%, respectively, for ≥S2, and 87.9%/87.9%, 27.2%/27.9%, 21.3%/21.5%, and 90.9%/91.1%, respectively, for S3.

    CONCLUSION: The same cut-off values for CAP may be used for the M and XL probes for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis grade.

    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Liver/diagnosis*
  4. Chan WK, Petta S, Noureddin M, Goh GBB, Wong VW
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2024 Jun;59 Suppl 1:S23-S40.
    PMID: 38813831 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17866
    BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease and an important cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Because of the huge number of patients at risk of MASLD, it is imperative to use non-invasive tests appropriately.

    AIMS: To provide a narrative review on the performance and limitations of non-invasive tests, with a special emphasis on the impact of diabetes and obesity.

    METHODS: We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for articles published from 1990 to August 2023.

    RESULTS: Abdominal ultrasonography remains the primary method to diagnose hepatic steatosis, while magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction is currently the gold standard to quantify steatosis. Simple fibrosis scores such as the Fibrosis-4 index are well suited as initial assessment in primary care and non-hepatology settings to rule out advanced fibrosis and future risk of liver-related complications. However, because of its low positive predictive value, an abnormal test should be followed by specific blood (e.g. Enhanced Liver Fibrosis score) or imaging biomarkers (e.g. vibration-controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography) of fibrosis. Some non-invasive tests of fibrosis appear to be less accurate in patients with diabetes. Obesity also affects the performance of abdominal ultrasonography and transient elastography, whereas magnetic resonance imaging may not be feasible in some patients with severe obesity.

    CONCLUSIONS: This article highlights issues surrounding the clinical application of non-invasive tests for MASLD in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Liver/diagnosis
  5. Chan WK, Nik Mustapha NR, Mahadeva S
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2014;29(7):1470-6.
    PMID: 24548002 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12557
    Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) has been suggested as a noninvasive method for detection and quantification of hepatic steatosis. We aim to study the diagnostic performance of CAP in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Liver/diagnosis*
  6. Chan WK, Sthaneshwar P, Nik Mustapha NR, Mahadeva S
    PLoS One, 2014;9(9):e105903.
    PMID: 25184298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105903
    The utility of Cytokeratin-18 fragment, namely CK18Asp396 (M30), for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is currently uncertain. We aimed to provide further data in this area among multi-ethnic Asian subjects with NAFLD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Liver/diagnosis*
  7. Chan WK, Tan AT, Vethakkan SR, Tah PC, Vijayananthan A, Goh KL
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2013 Aug;28(8):1375-83.
    PMID: 23517307 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12204
    BACKGROUND AND AIM:
    There is currently no published study comparing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated factors among diabetics of different ethnicity in the Asia-Pacific region.

    METHODS:
    Cross-sectional study of consecutive patients in the Diabetic Clinic in University of Malaya Medical Centre. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire were used to assess physical activity and dietary intake, respectively. Diagnosis of NAFLD was ultrasound-based and following exclusion of significant alcohol intake.

    RESULTS:
    Data for 399 patients were analyzed (mean age 62.3 ± 10.5 years, 43.1% men). The racial distribution was Chinese 43.6%, Indian 33.1%, Malay 22.3%, and others 1.0%. The prevalence of NAFLD was 49.6%. On univariate analysis, factors associated with NAFLD were age < 65 years, race, obesity, central obesity, glycated hemoglobin ≥ 7.0%, and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels. Patients with low physical activity were more likely to have NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-2.63, P = 0.020). The prevalence of NAFLD was highest among Malays (60.7%), followed by Indians (51.5%), and lowest among Chinese (42.0%) consistent with higher prevalence of central obesity and higher percentage calorie intake from fat in the former groups of patients. On multivariate analysis, independent factors associated with NAFLD were central obesity (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.29-3.75, P = 0.004) and elevated serum ALT level (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.21-3.25, P = 0.007).

    CONCLUSIONS:
    NAFLD was seen in half of a cohort of diabetic patients and was independently associated with central obesity and elevated serum ALT level. Prevalence of NAFLD was different and paralleled the difference in prevalence of central obesity and in percentage calorie intake from fat among the different ethnic groups.

    © 2013 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

    KEYWORDS:
    diabetes mellitus; dietary intake; epidemiology; ethnicity; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; physical activity
    Study site: Diabetic clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Liver/diagnosis
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