MyMedR

A case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia after treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia

Bee PC, Gan GG, Sangkar JV, Teh A, Goh KY

Int J Hematol, 2004 May;79(4):358-60.

We diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) with multiple cytogenetic abnormalities in a 17-year-old girl a year after she had received a diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML). After the diagnosis of APML in June 2001, the patient was treated with idarubicin and all-trans-retinoic acid. In September 1999, her younger sister also received a diagnosis of APML and to date has remained well. T-ALL after remission of APML is very rare, and only 1 such case has been reported. Possible causes include therapy-related reasons, genetic susceptibility to leukemia, and environmental exposure.

Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/diagnosis; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/etiology*; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics

Current approaches for detection of human T-lymphotropic virus Type 1: A systematic review

Fani M, Rezayi M, Meshkat Z, Rezaee SA, Makvandi M, Abouzari-Lotf E, et al.

J Cell Physiol, 2019 08;234(8):12433-12441.

PMID: 30633358 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28087

BACKGROUND: Human T-lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that is endemic in some regions of the world. It is known to cause several diseases like adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Serology and molecular methods have been used to detect this virus. Of these, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used as a primary screening method and this is usually followed by western blotting (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods as confirmatory tests. We conducted a systematic review of the different techniques used in the diagnosis of HTLV-1 infection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our search was limited to original papers in the English language from 2010 to 2018 using several databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database. A manual search of references provided in the included papers was also performed.

RESULTS: Of 101 electronically searched citations, 43 met the inclusion criteria. ELISA is commonly used for qualitative and screening detection, and WB and PCR techniques are used to confirm infection.

CONCLUSION: Among all the reported methods for detection of HTLV-1, only serological and molecular tests are used as the most common technical assays for HTLV-1. The ELISA assay, without a confirmatory test, has several limitations and affect the accuracy of the results. Owing to the prevalence of HTLV-1 and limitations of the current detection methods, further evaluation of the accuracy of these methods is needed. There are new opportunities for applying novel technological advances in microfluidics, biosensors, and lab-on-a-chip systems to perform HTLV-1 diagnostics.

Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/diagnosis*; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/virology

Immunophenotyping of peroxidase-negative acute leukaemias using immunoalkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method

Cheong SK, Lim YC, Ainoon O, Hamidah NH

Malays J Pathol, 1991 Dec;13(2):119-21.

PMID: 1823093

Immunophenotyping of acute leukaemias has become an important diagnostic tool in haematology laboratories as it is now well recognised that the presence of certain surface markers has prognostic significance. In 1988, we experimented with the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method for immunophenotyping of leukaemic cells in our laboratory. 48 cases of peroxidase-negative acute leukaemias were studied. Our study showed that 2 peroxidase-negative cases carried myeloid surface markers, 44% were negative for the markers studied and 5% were unclassified due to technical problems. We concluded that the APAAP method is a useful technique for demonstrating cell markers in leukaemic cells as the reaction is reddish and usually intense. We failed to demonstrate surface markers in 44% of the cases probably because of the choice of a limited panel of monoclonal antibodies.

Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/classification*

A new flavonoid and sulphur-containing amides from Glycosmis chlorosperma

Rahmani M, Leng KW, Ismail HB, Hin TY, Sukari MA, Ali AM, et al.

Nat Prod Res, 2004 Feb;18(1):85-8.

PMID: 14974620

A new flavonoid, dihydroglychalcone-A, was isolated from the leaves extract of Glycosmis chlorosperma in addition to two known sulphur-containing amides, dambullin and gerambullin. The structure of the new compound was assigned as 2'-hydroxy-4,6'-dimethoxy-3',4'-(2",2"-dimethylpyrano)dihydrochalcone. The extract of the leaves was also found to exhibit antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology

Mucigerin, a new coumarin from Calophyllum mucigerum (Guttiferae)

Ee GC, Ng KN, Taufiq-Yap YH, Rahmani M, Ali AM, Muse R

Nat Prod Res, 2004 Apr;18(2):123-8.

PMID: 14984084

Our recent studies on the stem bark of Calophyllum mucigerum (Guttiferae) have yielded a new coumarin mucigerin, a prenylated xanthone cudraxanthone C and the common steroidal triterpenes friedelin and stigmasterol. Structural elucidations of these compounds were achieved using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, COSY, HETCOR and HMBC experiments while MS gave the molecular masses. Cytotoxic assays using CEM-SS cell line (T-lymphoblastic leukemia) on the crude extracts of the stem bark indicated some activity. The crude extracts were also found to be moderately toxic against the larvae of Aedes aegypti. This article reports the isolation and identification of mucigerin as well as bioassay data.

Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology

Fulltext Electrocardiographic case--electrocardiographic clinical diagnosis in a patient with post-chemotherapy emesis and oliguria

Fadilah SS

Singapore Med J, 1999 Aug;40(8):553-5.

PMID: 10572501

Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/diagnosis; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/drug therapy*

Phenotype and TCR-gamma gene rearrangements in a Malaysian cohort of T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma cases

Maha A, Gan GG, Koh CL

Hematology, 2010 Dec;15(6):382-90.

PMID: 21114900 DOI: 10.1179/102453310X12719010991902

T cells undergo a series of complex phenotypic changes before achieving maturation. Discrete stages of T-cell differentiation are simplified to four stages (pro-, pre-, cortical and mature-T cell) and used in the classification of T-cell leukaemia. HLA-DR has been reported to be expressed in immature T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and also confer a poorer treatment outcome. Simultaneously, the genotype goes through distinct pattern changes due to rearrangement of T-cell receptor (TCR) genes. TCR gene rearrangement is important in the diagnosis of clonality and used as markers to detect minimal residual disease in lymphoproliferative disorders. We identified a subset within Pro-T and Pre-T cell cases distinguished by the expression of HLA-DR. These subgroups appeared to be more immature as rearrangement of the TCR-gamma gene was either at germline or involved only the first constant region (C1) unlike a more rearranged pattern in the HLA-DR-subgroups. We also observed a higher incidence of mediastinal mass (67%) in the HLA-DR-subgroup in the Pre-T stage. These characteristics may be useful as markers to further refine staging of T-cell ALL and determine prognosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/classification; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology*

Immunophenotyping pediatric leukemias in Kelantan, Malaysia

Menon BS, Dasgupta A, Jackson N

Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 1998 Mar-Apr;15(2):175-8.

PMID: 9592844

This study reviewed the immunophenotyping results of children with acute leukemia in Kelantan, Malaysia. In the 3.5-year period (January 1994 to June 1997), 45 cases were identified. All children were under the age of 12 years and the predominant ethnic group was Malay. Thirty-six cases (80%) were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 9 cases (20%) were acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Of the ALL cases, 3% were of B-cell and 22% of T-cell origin, and 96% of the B-lineage ALL were CD10 positive. All the AML cases expressed CD33 and 78% were positive for CD13. The incidence of mixed-lineage leukemias was 13.8% for My+ ALL and 11.1% for Ly+ AML.

Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/immunology

Counterpoint. Cancer vaccines: single-epitope anti-idiotype vaccine versus multiple-epitope antigen vaccine

Bhattachary-Chatterjee M, Nath Baral R, Chatterjee SK, Das R, Zeytin H, Chakraborty M, et al.

Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2000 Jun;49(3):133-41.

PMID: 10881692

Anti-idiotype (Id) vaccine therapy has been tested and shown to be effective, in several animal models, for triggering the immune system to induce specific and protective immunity against bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. The administration of anti-Id antibodies as surrogate tumor-associated antigens (TAA) also represents another potential application of the concept of the Id network. Limited experience in human trials using anti-Id to stimulate immunity against tumors has shown promising results. In this "counter-point" article, we discuss our own findings showing the potential of anti-Id antibody vaccines to be novel therapeutic approaches to various human cancers and also discuss where anti-Id vaccines may perform better than traditional multiple-epitope antigen vaccines.

Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/immunology

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