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  1. Tan MP, Ho YY, Chin AV, Saedon N, Abidin IZ, Chee KH, et al.
    Clin Auton Res, 2020 04;30(2):121-128.
    PMID: 31079241 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-019-00610-2
    PURPOSE: To determine the lifetime cumulative incidence of syncope, potential ethnic differences and factors associated with syncope using the Malaysian elders longitudinal research (MELoR) study first wave dataset.

    METHODS: The MELoR study recruited community-dwelling adults aged 55 years and over, selected through stratified random sampling from three parliamentary constituencies. The baseline data collected during the first wave was obtained through face-to-face interviews in participants' homes using computer-assisted questionnaires. During their baseline assessments, participants were asked whether they had ever experienced a blackout in their lifetime and if they had experienced a blackout in the preceding 12 months.

    RESULTS: Information on blackouts and ethnicity were available for 1530 participants. The weight-adjusted lifetime cumulative incidence of syncope for the overall population aged 55 years and above was 27.7%. The estimated lifetime cumulative incidence according to ethnic groups was 34.6% for Malays, 27.8% for Indians and 23.7% for Chinese. The estimated 12-month incidence of syncope was 6.1% overall, equating to 11.7% for Malays, 8.7 % for Indians and 2.3% for Chinese. Both Malay [odds ratio (OR) 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.95 and OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.96-6.68] and Indian (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.01-1.80 and OR 3.31, 1.78-6.15) ethnicities were independently associated with lifetime and 12-month cumulative incidence of syncope, respectively, together with falls, dizziness and myocardial infarction.

    CONCLUSION: Ethnic differences exist for lifetime cumulative incidence of syncope in community-dwelling individuals aged 55 years and over in an urban area in Southeast Asia. Future studies should now seek to determine potential genetic, cultural and lifestyle differences which may predispose to syncope.

    Matched MeSH terms: Life Style/ethnology
  2. Tan AK, Yen ST, Feisul MI
    Int J Public Health, 2012 Apr;57(2):279-88.
    PMID: 21318327 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-011-0238-8
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the roles of sociodemographic and health lifestyle factors in affecting body mass index (BMI) across ethnic groups in Malaysia.

    METHODS: Data are obtained from 2,436 observations from the Malaysia Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance-1. The multi-ethnic sample is segmented into Malay, Chinese, and Indian/other ethnicities. Ordered probit analysis is conducted and marginal effects of sociodemographic and health lifestyle variables on BMI calculated.

    RESULTS: Malays between 41 and 58 years are more likely to be overweight or obese than their 31-40 years counterparts, while the opposite is true among Chinese. Retirees of Chinese and Indian/other ethnicities are less likely to be obese and more likely to have normal BMI than those between 31 and 40 years. Primary educated Chinese are more likely to be overweight or obese, while tertiary-educated Malays are less likely to suffer from similar weight issues as compared to those with only junior high school education. Affluent Malays and Chinese are more likely to be overweight than their low-middle income cohorts. Family illness history is likely to cause overweightness or obesity, irrespective of ethnicity. Malay cigarette smokers have lower overweight and obesity probabilities than non-cigarette smokers.

    CONCLUSIONS: There exists a need for flexible policies to address cross-ethnic differences in the sociodemographic and health-lifestyle covariates of BMI.

    Matched MeSH terms: Life Style/ethnology
  3. Iqbal SP, Ramadas A, Fatt QK, Shin HL, Onn WY, Kadir KA
    PLoS One, 2020;15(3):e0224054.
    PMID: 32191727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224054
    OBJECTIVES: Literature shows a high prevalence of MetS among Malaysians, varying across the major ethnicities. Since sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and diet habits of such communities have been reported to be diverse, the objective of this study was to investigate the association of various sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and diet habits with MetS overall, as well as with the three major ethnic communities in Malaysia, specifically.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 481 Malaysians of ages 18 years and above living in the state of Johor, Malaysia. Information on demographics, lifestyle and diet habits were collected using a structured questionnaire. Harmonized criteria were used to assess the status of MetS. Multiple logistic regression was employed to determine any associations between sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary behaviours with MetS.

    RESULTS: MetS was found among 32.2% of the respondents and was more prevalent among the Indians (51.9%), followed by the Malays (36.7%) and the Chinese (20.2%). Overall, increasing age (AOR = 2.44[95%CI = 1.27-4.70] at 40-49 years vs. AOR = 4.14[95%CI = 1.97-8.69] at 60 years and above) and Indian ethnicity (AOR = 1.95[95%CI = 1.12-3.38)] increased the odds of MetS, while higher education (AOR = 0.44[95%CI = 0.20-0.94] decreased the odds of MetS in this population. Quick finishing of meals (AOR = 2.17[95%CI = 1.02-4.60]) and low physical activity (AOR = 4.76[95%CI = 1.49-15.26]) were associated with increased odds of MetS among the Malays and the Chinese, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: The population of Johor depicts a diverse lifestyle and diet behaviour, and some of these factors are associated with MetS in certain ethnic groups. In the light of such differences, ethnic specific measures would be needed to reduce the prevalence of MetS among those in this population.

    Matched MeSH terms: Life Style/ethnology*
  4. Cheah WL, Lee PY, Chang CT, Mohamed HJ, Wong SL
    PMID: 23691641
    Although the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome has been previously firmly established, the prevalence of NAFLD and its risk factors in rural communities remains incompletely defined. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD amongst a rural community in Sarawak. An indigenous village was randomly selected where all adults aged 21 years and above underwent an abdominal ultrasound, biochemical tests and an anthropometric assessment. Respondents with a score > or =8 on an alcohol-use disorders-identification test (AUDIT) indicating harmful or hazardous drinking were excluded. Seventy-seven respondents (46.8% male, mean age 48.4 SD 16.64), met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of ultrasound diagnosed NAFLD was 44.2% (n=34), among them 52.9% had moderate NAFLD. There were no significant age or gender differences between respondents with and without NAFLD, although those with NAFLD were older. Respondents with NAFLD had a significantly higher BMI t,han those without NAFLD (p<0.001). Both male and female respondents with NAFLD had a significantly higher waist circumference than those without NAFLD (p<0.001). Prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia were significantly higher among those with NAFLD. However, there were no significant differences in terms of percentage of unhealthy body fat and muscle, and serum HDL levels. Risk factors independently associated with NAFLD included male gender (odd ratio 0.06; 95% CI 0.008-0.523) and waist circumference (odd ratio 1.2; 95% CI 1.036-1.421). There was a high prevalence of NAFLD and the presence of more severe stages of disease in this indigenous population. Life-style related diseases, such as fatty liver disease, can occur in rural as well as urban populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Life Style/ethnology
  5. Abougalambou SS, Abougalambou AS
    Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2013 Apr-Jun;7(2):83-6.
    PMID: 23680246 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2013.02.019
    INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is extremely common disease found in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eighty to 90% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus will develop hypertension, and about 20% of hypertensive patients develop diabetes. The aim of this study was designed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and factors affecting the control of hypertension among type 2 diabetic patients.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1077 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were included in this study who attended at diabetes clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) teaching hospital in Kelantan. All these patients were prospectively followed from January to December 2008. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent effect of variables on hypertension.
    RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension (BP>130/80 or on medication for high blood pressure) was 92.7%. A total 471 (47.2%) patients had achieved blood pressure targets ≤ 130/80 mmHg. The logistic regression indicated that hypertension was positively associated with age (P=0.040), BMI (P=0.027), HbA1c (P=0.046), and level of education (P=0.039).
    CONCLUSION: Hypertension is a common co-morbidity among diabetic patients. Hypertension was not controlled to the recommended levels of blood pressure in about one-half (52.8%) of diabetes patients. Age, BMI, HbA1c and level of education are factors affecting on hypertension.
    Matched MeSH terms: Life Style/ethnology*
  6. Moy FM, Loh DA
    Maturitas, 2015 Jul;81(3):389-93.
    PMID: 25987469 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.04.011
    To determine the prevalence of normal weight obesity among multi-ethnic women in Peninsular Malaysia and examine its associations with cardiometabolic risks and lifestyle behaviours.
    Matched MeSH terms: Life Style/ethnology
  7. Aziz S, Sheikh Ghadzi SM, Abidin NE, Tangiisuran B, Zainal H, Looi I, et al.
    J Diabetes Res, 2019;2019:1794267.
    PMID: 31886276 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1794267
    Background and Purpose: Diabetes mellitus has been reported as a strong independent risk factor for stroke recurrence. Data on the modifiable factors contributing to the recurrence of stroke in type 2 diabetic Malaysian population with a history of stroke stratified by genders are lacking, and this supports the importance of this study.

    Method: The data of 4622 patients with T2DM who had a history of stroke was obtained from the Malaysian National Stroke Registry. Univariate analysis was performed to differentiate between genders with and without stroke recurrence in terms of demographics, first stroke attack presentations, and other clinical characteristics. The significant factors determined from the univariate analysis were further investigated using logistic regression.

    Results: Ischemic heart diseases were found significantly associated with the stroke recurrence in males (OR = 1.738; 95% CI: 1.071-2.818) as well as female (OR = 5.859; 95% CI: 2.469-13.752) diabetic patients. The duration of hypertension, as well as the duration of diabetes, has been associated with the recurrence in both male and female subjects (p value < 0.05). Smoking status has an impact on the stroke recurrence in male subjects, while no significant association was observed among their peers.

    Conclusions: Most of the predictive factors contributing to the recurrence of stroke in type 2 diabetic Malaysian population with a history of stroke are modifiable, in which IHD was the most prominent risk factor in both genders. The impact of optimizing the management of IHD as well as blood glucose control on stroke recurrence may need to be elucidated. No major differences in recurrent stroke predictors were seen between genders among the Malaysian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had a previous history of stroke.

    Matched MeSH terms: Life Style/ethnology
  8. Rahman MM, Mahadeva S, Ghoshal UC
    World J Gastroenterol, 2017 Oct 07;23(37):6788-6801.
    PMID: 29085223 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i37.6788
    Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder, common in clinic and in the community. It has a significant impact on both society and patients' quality of life. The epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management of IBS may vary in different geographical regions due to differences in diet, gastrointestinal infection, socio-cultural and psycho-social factors, religious and illness beliefs, symptom perception and reporting. Although previous reviews and consensus reports on IBS in Asia have been published, Asia is quite diverse socio-demographically. In this context, India, Bangladesh and Malaysia share some similarities, including: (1) large proportion of the population living in rural areas; (2) rapid development and associated lifestyle changes in urban areas; and (3) dietary, cultural and religious practices. The present review explores the clinical and epidemiological data on IBS from these three major nations in South and South-East Asia. In-depth review of the literature revealed important differences between IBS in the East, as revealed by studies from these three countries, and the West; these include a predominantly rural profile, differences in bowel habit and symptom profile, raising concern with regards to diagnostic criteria and subtyping of IBS, higher dietary fiber consumption, frequent lactose malabsorption, parasitosis, and possible overlap between post-infectious IBS and tropical sprue. Moreover, the current perception on difference in prevalence of the disorder in these countries, as compared to the West, might be related to variation in survey methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Life Style/ethnology*
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