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Solving directly two point boundary value problems using direct multistep method

Mahanum Diana Jafri, Mohamed Suleiman, Zanariah Abdul Majid, Zarina Bibi Ibrahim

Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.

In this paper we consider solving directly two point boundary value problems (BVPs) for second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We are concerned with solving this problem using multistep method in term of backward difference formula and approximating the solutions with the shooting method. Most of the existence researches involved BVPs will reduce the problem to a system of first order ODEs. This approach is very well established but it obviously will enlarge the system of first order equations. However, the direct multistep method in this paper will be utilised to obtain a series solution of the initial value problems directly without reducing to first order equations. The numerical results show that the proposed method with shooting method can produce good results.

Matched MeSH terms: Manipulation, Osteopathic
Solving directly general third order ordinary differential equations using two-point four step block method

Zanariah Abdul Majid, Nurul Asyikin Azmi, Mohamed Suleiman, Zarina Bibi Ibrahaim

Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:623-632.

Two-point four step direct implicit block method is presented by applying the simple form of Adams- Moulton method for solving directly the general third order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using variable step size. This method is implemented to get the solutions of initial value problems (IVPs) at two points simultaneously in a block using four backward steps. The numerical results showed that the performance of the developed method is better in terms of maximum error at all tested tolerances and lesser total number of steps as the tolerances getting smaller compared to the existence direct method.

Matched MeSH terms: Manipulation, Osteopathic
Direct integration implicit variable steps method for solving higher order systems of ordinary differential equations directly

Zanariah Abdul Majid, Mohamed Suleiman

Sains Malaysiana, 2006;35:63-68.

In this paper, a direct integration implicit variable step size method in the form of Adams Moulton Method is developed for solving directly the second order system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using variable step size. The existing multistep method involves the computations of the divided differences and integration coefficients in the code when using the variable step size or variable step size and order. The idea of developing this method is to store all the coefficients involved in the code. Thus, this strategy can avoid the lengthy computation of the coefficients during the implementation of the code as well as to improve the execution time. Numerical results are given to compare the efficiency of the developed method with the 1-point method of variable step size and order code (1PDVSO) in Omar (1999).

Matched MeSH terms: Manipulation, Osteopathic
Evaluation of tensile strength of brazilian test under solid and ring disks using finite element analysis

Rini Asnida Abdullah, Takashi Tsutsumi

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:683-689.

The tensile strength of intact rock materials has been determined by indirect method more frequent than the direct method.
The most commonly used indirect method is Brazilian test. Stress and deformability undergo during the test reflected by
geometry shape of the samples with respect to the different diameter ratio. This study focuses on influence of geometry
shape in solid and ring disk with different diameter ratio on the stress distribution and deformations within sandstone
subjected to indirect tensile loading by Brazilian test. Then, the finite element method in RS2 software was utilised to
simulate and gain in depth understanding the behaviour of Brazilian test. The analysis shown that the maximum tensile
strength in a ring disk with diameter ratio of 0.1 is three times higher than in solid disk. Meanwhile, as the diameter
ratio of ring disk increases, it produces lower tensile strength. The numerical simulation also has successfully illustrated
the shear failure which observed near the loading platen of solid disk during Brazilian test. The finite element analysis
utilised in this research has successfully enables the stress distribution and deformation behaviour of the rock under
tension to be studied closely

Matched MeSH terms: Manipulation, Osteopathic
Fulltext Confirmatory factor analysis of value management current practice in the Nigerian construction industry

Bruno Lot Tanko, Fadhlin Abdullah, Zuhaili Mohamad Ramly, Wallace Imoudu Enegbuma

Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2017;9(1):32-41.
MyJurnal

Value management explicitly targets to optimize value by providing necessary
functions at the least cost without sacrificing quality and performance. However, the
activities/methods of this technique in emerging economies are here and there
related to informal methodology. Therefore, the occurrence of these activities in an
evolving economy requires investigation. The exploration of the extent to which the
measured variables influenced the latent factors informed the need for this study.
Data was retrieved via self-administered questionnaire from 344 registered and
practicing construction professionals in Nigeria. The data was analyzed using SPSS for
descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
measure of sampling adequacy revealed that the internal consistency of the
developed research instrument was appropriate. Confirmatory factor analysis
indicates satisfactory goodness of fit among acknowledged determinants of the
model. Furthermore, the study revealed three (3) phases of the activities/methods of
value management in the Nigerian construction industry which include: information,
information/function analysis, and creativity/evaluation/development/presentation
phases. This means that value management activities and methods are being
practiced in Nigeria, however not as per the typical methodology or standard. The
need to carry out the practice according to the formal value management
methodology is therefore recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Manipulation, Osteopathic
Application of multivariate membership function discrimination method for lithology identification

Jun Zhao, Feifei Wang, Yifan Lu

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:2223-2229.

Formation lithology identification is an indispensable link in oil and gas exploration. Precision of the traditional recognition method is difficult to guarantee when trying to identify lithology of particular formation with strong heterogeneity and complex structure. In order to remove this defect, multivariate membership function discrimination method is proposed, which regard to lithology identification as a linear model in the fuzzy domain and obtain aimed result with the multivariate membership function established. It is indicated by the test on lower carboniferous Bachu group bioclastic limestone section and Donghe sandstone section reservoir on T Field H area that satisfactory accuracy can be achieved in both clastic rock and carbonate formation and obvious advantages are unfold when dealing with complex formations, which shows a good application prospect and provides a new thought to solve complex problems on oilfield exploration and development with fuzzy theory.

Matched MeSH terms: Manipulation, Osteopathic
Fulltext Short-term grazing behavior of cattle under indoor housing for a new-bred tetraploid ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain et Everard)

Ishigaki G, Nitthaisong P, Prasojo YS, Kobayashi I, Fukuyama K, Rahman MM, et al.

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2018 May;31(5):748-754.
PMID: 29059721 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0543

OBJECTIVE: The preference evaluation of cattle is an important factor for estimation and improvement of the grazing amounts of newly introduced or bred grasses or cultivars in barn. This study was performed to assess the grazing behavior (the amount of grazing and/or the grazing speed) of cattle as indirect method using newly bred Brachiaria ruziziensis tetraploid strain 'OKI-1'(BR) hay as treatment group and Cloris gayana 'Callide' (CG) hay as control group. It also compared the feasibility of using behavioral differences between two groups as one criteria for evaluating preference by Japanese black cattle in barn.
METHODS: Three experiments were carried out using 12 growing Japanese Black cattle including 6 males and 6 females. In each experiment, the four Japanese Black cattle (2 males and 2 females) were placed in separated stall and allowed to graze BR and CG in manger that was separated into two portions for about 30 min. The position and behavior of the cattle were recorded, and weighed the residual of each gay at 15 and 30 minutes after experiment start.
RESULTS: The BR was superior to CG in chemical composition such as protein, fibers and non-fibrous carbohydrate. The cattle, over all, tended to prefer BR over CG in the first half 15 minutes in terms of the time spent and amount of grazing. Additionally, growing cattle exhibited neophilia for BR bred newly.
CONCLUSION: These findings indicated the current approach could be applied for one of criteria to evaluate the preference of hay by Japanese black cattle under indoor housing environment.

Matched MeSH terms: Manipulation, Osteopathic