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Fulltext Cephalometric aspects of thalassemic children in the Indian subcontinent: A cross-sectional study

Samba AA, Bhoopathi PH, Sundaram RM, Patil AK, Gupta BV, Rao VT

Indian J Dent Res, 2018 6 15;29(3):286-290.
PMID: 29900910 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_32_17

Objectives: To compare the cephalometric characteristics of thalassemic children in the Indian subcontinent with the controls, matched for sex and dental age.
Methodology: A total of 31 thalassemic children were a part of the study. Cephalometric readings were recorded for the study and the control group.
Results: Within the Group I stage, the anterior cranial base length was 68.40±2.93 mm, shorter when compared to the control group. In the Group II stage, the maxillary/mandibular angle was 31.58° for the case group and the mandibular length was shorter in comparison to the controls. In the Group III stage, the SNB angle was 76.42°, lesser than the control group. A relative maxillary prognathism of 9.88 mm and 12.85 mm was observed in thalassemic males and females respectively through the Wiley's analysis.
Conclusion: The overall picture depicted a retruded position of the maxilla and a retrognathic mandible within the study group. A class II profile has also been observed among the study subjects.

Matched MeSH terms: Maxillofacial Development*
Bone biology in craniofacial growth, development and ageing

Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:6.
PMID: 15468791
Matched MeSH terms: Maxillofacial Development/physiology*
Fulltext Craniofacial anthropometric norms of Malaysian Indians

Ngeow WC, Aljunid ST

Indian J Dent Res, 2009 Jul-Sep;20(3):313-9.
PMID: 19884715 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.57372

OBJECTIVE: This study was done to establish the craniofacial anthropometric norms of the young adult (18- 25 years) Malaysian Indian.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of convenient samples of 100 healthy volunteers, with equal number of female and male subjects who had no history of mixed racial-parentage. Twenty-two linear measurements were taken twice from 28 landmarks over six craniofacial regions. The methodology and evaluation of indices of the craniofacial region was adapted from Hajnis et al.
RESULTS: The minimum measurements are always contributed by the female Indian except for the nose height (n-sn), (left) eye fissure length (ex-en), upper vermillion height (ls-sto), and lower vermillion height (sto-li). There is a gender difference in all the measurements except the (left) eye fissure height (independent t-test; P < 0.05). The Malaysian Indians exhibit some North American White Caucasian (NAWC) features in all regions. The cephalic index indicates a brachycephalic or relatively short wide head with a tendency towards mesocephaly. From the low nasal index, the Malaysian Indian female have a nose that is narrow or leptorrhin similar to the NAWCs. The lower value of the upper lip height to mouth width index in the Indian female indicates a relatively shorter upper lip height compared to the mouth width, also similar to the NAWC.
CONCLUSION: This study establishes the craniofacial anthropometric norms of the Malaysian Indian over 22 parameters. Male in general has a significantly higher measurement than female. The Malaysian Indians do exhibit some NAWC features.

Matched MeSH terms: Maxillofacial Development*
Management of ankylosed temporomandibular joint in a young child

Boon LC, Nik-Hussein NN

J Pedod, 1990;14(3):136-8.
PMID: 2081129

Various alloplastic and autogenous tissues have been used in attempts to restore facial height and reconstruct temporomandibular articulation. A case is presented where an ectodermal rib graft was used to reconstruct the temporomandibular joint after arthroplasty in a young child.

Matched MeSH terms: Maxillofacial Development
Analysis of activator treatment changes

Hashim HA

Aust Orthod J, 1991 Oct;12(2):100-4.
PMID: 1843791

The effects of functional appliance treatment have been reported in numerous studies in the literature with great variability in the findings. It is generally agreed that they can be used successfully to treat Class II malocclusions in growing and cooperative patients. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the relative orthodontic and orthopedic correction obtained by functional appliances in Class II correction. Lateral cephalometric radiographs from a sample (n = 36) of patients who had undergone a phase of treatment with activator appliances were measured and analysed for changes using a modified version of the method described by Johnston (Hashim and Godfrey 1990). In this method, the treatment changes were broken down into: tooth movement relative to basal bone; and the translatory growth of the jaws, both with respect to the cranial base and to each other. The results show that the treatment effects were mainly dentoalveolar. There was a slight orthopedic effect on the maxilla, but no significant mandibular growth was observed, above that which can be expected from normal growth.

Matched MeSH terms: Maxillofacial Development
Treatment Outcome of Bangladeshi UCLP Patients Based on Both Phenotype and Postnatal Treatment Factors using Modified Huddart Bodenham (mHB) Index

Haque S, Alam MK, Khamis MF

Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2018 08;55(7):966-973.
PMID: 27479096 DOI: 10.1597/15-293

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dental arch relationship (DAR) of nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to explore the various phenotype and postnatal treatment factors that are responsible for poor DAR.
DESIGN: Retrospective study.
SETTING: School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
SUBJECTS: Eighty-four Bangladeshi children with nonsyndromic UCLP who received cheiloplasty and palatoplasty.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dental models were taken at 5 to 12 years of age (man: 7.69), and dental arch relationships were assessed using modified Huddart/Bodenham index (mHB) by two raters. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the intra- and interexaminer agreements, chi-square was used to assess the associations, and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the responsible factors that affect DAR.
RESULTS: The total mHB score (mean [SD]) was -8.261 (7.115). Intra- and interagreement was very good. Using crude and stepwise backward regression analysis, significant association was found between positive history of class III (P = .025, P = .030, respectively) and unfavorable DAR. Complete UCLP (P = .003) was also significantly correlated with unfavorable DAR.
CONCLUSION: This multivariate study suggested complete type of UCLP and positive history of class III had a significantly unfavorable effect on the DAR.

Matched MeSH terms: Maxillofacial Development
Treatment effects of Reverse Twin-Block and Reverse Pull Face Mask on craniofacial morphology in early and late mixed dentition children

Fareen N, Alam MK, Khamis MF, Mokhtar N

Orthod Craniofac Res, 2017 Aug;20(3):134-139.
PMID: 28440029 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12179

OBJECTIVE: Reverse Twin-Block (RTB) and Reverse Pull Face Mask (RPFM) appliances are used to correct Class III malocclusion in growing patients. Aim of this retrospective study was to compare and analyse craniofacial changes produced by RTB and RPFM in the early and late mixed dentition in Malay children with Class III malocclusion.
METHODS: Data consisted of pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 95 children, 49 patients with RTB and 46 patients with RPFM, divided into an early (8-9 year) and late (10-11 year) group. Treatment changes were assessed by the Ricketts analysis using CASSOS software, where 71 anatomic landmarks were identified in each cephalogram. Paired and independent t tests were performed for statistical comparison.
RESULTS: Paired t test revealed significant changes in facial axis, facial angle, MD plane to FH, lower facial height, mandibular arc, maxillary convexity, U1 to APog, L1 to APog, L1 to APog angle and upper lip to E-plane measurements in RPFM, whereas significant changes were found in facial taper, U1 to APog and lower lip to E-plane values with RTB in the early treatment group. Independent t test revealed significant changes in U1 to APog, L1 to APog and U6 to PtV values in the RTB group. Post-treatment comparison of RTB and RPFM showed significant differences in L1 to APog and L1 to APog angle values.
CONCLUSIONS: RPFM revealed more favourable craniofacial changes than RTB, particularly in the late mixed dentition stage.

Matched MeSH terms: Maxillofacial Development