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  1. Kannan P, Raman S, Ramani VS, Jeyamalar R
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1993 Nov;33(4):424-6.
    PMID: 8179560
    Matched MeSH terms: Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/physiopathology
  2. Chia P, Raman S, Tham SW
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 1998 Aug;24(4):267-73.
    PMID: 9798356
    To study the pregnancy outcome of women with acyanotic heart disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/physiopathology*
  3. Sivalingam N, Anwar K, Chandran K
    Singapore Med J, 2001 Mar;42(3):122-3.
    PMID: 11405564
    Peripartal cardiomyopathy is a rare form of heart disease in pregnancy with an unpredictable outcome. We describe one patient who presented in a decompensated state who was successfully managed with medical antifailure treatment. The etiology, management and future obstetric outcome are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/physiopathology
  4. Ahmad WA, Khanom M, Yaakob ZH
    Int J Clin Pract, 2011 Aug;65(8):848-51.
    PMID: 21762308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02714.x
    The treatment of heart failure in pregnant women is more difficult than in non-pregnant women, and should always involve a multidisciplinary team approach. Knowledge required includes hemodynamic changes in pregnancy and the resultant effect on women with pre-existing or pregnancy-related cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular drugs in pregnancy, ethical issues and challenges regarding saving mother and baby. In addition, women having high risk cardiac lesions should be counselled strongly against pregnancy and followed up regularly. Pregnancy with heart failure is an important issue, demanding more comprehensive studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/physiopathology
  5. Rai V, Shariffuddin II, Chan YK, Muniandy RK, Wong KK, Singh S
    BMC Anesthesiol, 2014;14:49.
    PMID: 25002831 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2253-14-49
    BACKGROUND: Complete heart block in pregnancy has serious implications particularly during the period of delivery. This is more so if the delivery is an operative one as the presence of heart block may produce haemodynamic instability in the intra operative period. We report a unique case of a pregnant mother with complete heart block undergoing hysterostomy, complicated by placenta accreta and intrauterine death.

    CASE PRESENTATION: A 37 year old Malaysian Chinese parturient was admitted at 25 weeks gestation following a scan which suggested intrauterine death and placenta accreta. She was diagnosed to have congenital complete heart block after her first delivery eight years previously but a pacemaker was never inserted. These medical conditions make her extremely likely to experience massive bleeding and haemodynamic instability. Among the measures taken to optimise her pre-operatively were the insertion of a temporary intravenous pacemaker and embolization of the uterine arteries to minimize peri-operative blood loss. She successfully underwent surgery under general anesthesia, which was relatively uneventful and was discharged well on the fourth post-operative day.

    CONCLUSION: Congenital heart block in pregnancies in the presence of potential massive bleeding is best managed by a team, with meticulous pre-operative optimization. Suggested strategies would include insertion of a temporary pacemaker and embolization of the uterine arteries to reduce the risk of the patient getting into life threatening situations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/physiopathology
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