MyMedR

Ship Sanitation is one of the efforts to overcome several factors of the physical environment that are needed for the main creatures' things that have the damaging effects of physical development, health, and survival. What is done on a transport device that uses a machine or screen that travels nationally or internationally. This type of research uses descriptive methods with a sample of all Ro-Ro vessels at the Merak Ferry Port of 20 ships. Data collection using ship sanitation observation sheets. The results of the study with univariate analysis showed the condition of kitchen sanitation on Ro-Ro vessels which were categorized as not meeting the requirements of 55%, the sanitary conditions of the food raft room category fulfilled the requirements of 85%, the sanitation conditions 80%, the physical conditions of drinking water 100%, the sanitation requirements of the facilities 70% medical, Ro-Ro ship sanitation requirements do not meet the requirements of 53%. Through this research, the authors expect the efforts of related parties to improve the sanitation of Ro-Ro vessels to be safe by increasing sanitation production of clean and healthy Ro-Ro ships.

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation*

Experience of the new hopper type conservancy lorry; (Korrier-Yorkshire conservancy collector)

HOLMES W

Med J Malaya, 1956 Mar;10(3):271-2.

PMID: 13347460

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation*

Automatic flushing cistern for latrines

Egan E

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1938;2:172-6.

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation

The bored-hole latrine

Yeager CH

Malayan Medical Journal, 1929;4:1-3.

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation

Sanitation on vessels

Nicholas WA

Malayan Medical Journal, 1928;3:16-20.

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation

The method of disposal of human excreta used by 177 rural Malay households

Chen PC

Med J Malaya, 1969 Mar;23(3):159-69.

PMID: 4240067

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation*

Straits settlements rural sanitation campaign. Some questions and answers.

Russell PF

Malayan Medical Journal, 1927;2:69-71.

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation

Book review: Rural sanitation in the tropics, being notes and observations in the Malay archipelago, Panama and other lands

Low GC

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1916;9:157-160.

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation

Composting. The safe conversion of village refuse and nightsoil into a valuable manure

Scharff JW

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1940;4:126-35.

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation

Fulltext A holistic approach to promoting early child development: a cluster randomised trial of a group-based, multicomponent intervention in rural Bangladesh

Pitchik HO, Tofail F, Rahman M, Akter F, Sultana J, Shoab AK, et al.

BMJ Glob Health, 2021 03;6(3).

PMID: 33727278 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004307

INTRODUCTION: In low- and middle-income countries, children experience multiple risks for delayed development. We evaluated a multicomponent, group-based early child development intervention including behavioural recommendations on responsive stimulation, nutrition, water, sanitation, hygiene, mental health and lead exposure prevention.

METHODS: We conducted a 9-month, parallel, multiarm, cluster-randomised controlled trial in 31 rural villages in Kishoreganj District, Bangladesh. Villages were randomly allocated to: group sessions ('group'); alternating groups and home visits ('combined'); or a passive control arm. Sessions were delivered fortnightly by trained community members. The primary outcome was child stimulation (Family Care Indicators); the secondary outcome was child development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire Inventory, ASQi). Other outcomes included dietary diversity, latrine status, use of a child potty, handwashing infrastructure, caregiver mental health and knowledge of lead. Analyses were intention to treat. Data collectors were independent from implementers.

RESULTS: In July-August 2017, 621 pregnant women and primary caregivers of children<15 months were enrolled (group n=160, combined n=160, control n=301). At endline, immediately following intervention completion (July-August 2018), 574 participants were assessed (group n=144, combined n=149, control n=281). Primary caregivers in both intervention arms participated in more play activities than control caregivers (age-adjusted means: group 4.22, 95% CI 3.97 to 4.47; combined 4.77, 4.60 to 4.96; control 3.24, 3.05 to 3.39), and provided a larger variety of play materials (age-adjusted means: group 3.63, 3.31 to 3.96; combined 3.81, 3.62 to 3.99; control 2.48, 2.34 to 2.59). Compared with the control arm, children in the group arm had higher total ASQi scores (adjusted mean difference in standardised scores: 0.39, 0.15 to 0.64), while in the combined arm scores were not significantly different from the control (0.25, -0.07 to 0.54).

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that group-based, multicomponent interventions can be effective at improving child development outcomes in rural Bangladesh, and that they have the potential to be delivered at scale.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The trial is registered in ISRCTN (ISRCTN16001234).

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation*

Influence of sanitary conditions on the field performance of chlorpyrifos-based baits against American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae)

Lee CY, Lee LC

J Vector Ecol, 2000 Dec;25(2):218-21.

PMID: 11217220

The role of sanitation in performance of insecticidal bait stations containing 0.5% chlorpyrifos against the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), was investigated in residential premises. Test sites were chosen from three locations in Penang Island, Malaysia, and clustered according to their sanitary conditions. Results indicated that at 1-week post-treatment, houses with good sanitary conditions showed a significantly faster reduction (P > 0.05) in the number of cockroaches trapped (> 95%) than those with moderate and poor conditions. At 6 weeks post-treatment, all houses treated with insecticidal baits showed no significant difference in terms of reduction rate of cockroach numbers (P > 0.05), irrespective of sanitary condition. However, the bait performance in houses with poor sanitary conditions could not be sustained up to 12-week post-treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation*

Fulltext A case study on institutional development in the water and sanitation sectors and integration of PHC with rural water supply and sanitation in Malaysia

Citation: A case study on institutional development in the water and sanitation sectors and integration of PHC with rural water supply and sanitation in Malaysia. Manila: World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific; 1985

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation

Infant mortality and socioeconomic development: evidence from Malaysian household data

DaVanzo J

Demography, 1988 Nov;25(4):581-95.

PMID: 3267541

Household data from Malaysia are used to assess the roles of a number of mortality correlates in explaining the inverse relationship between the infant mortality rate (IMR) and socioeconomic development. Increases in mothers' education and improvements in water and sanitation are the most important household-level changes that accompany regional and temporal development and contribute to the inverse relationship between the IMR and development. One concomitant of development--reduced reduced breastfeeding--has kept the relationship from being even stronger. Continued prevalence of extended breastfeeding in the poorer states of Peninsular Malaysia and a narrowing of educational and sanitation differentials helped close the IMR gap between the richer and the poorer states.

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation*

The war using microbes: A sustainable approach for wastewater management

Priya AK, Pachaiappan R, Kumar PS, Jalil AA, Vo DN, Rajendran S

Environ Pollut, 2021 Apr 15;275:116598.

PMID: 33581625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116598

Anthropogenic activities and population growth have resulted in a reduced availability of drinking water. To ensure consistency in the existence of drinking water, it is inevitable to establish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). 70% of India's rural population was found to be without WWTP, waste disposal, and good sanitation. Wastewater has emerged from kitchens, washrooms, etc., with industry activities. This scenario caused severe damage to water resources, leading to degradation of water quality and pathogenic insects. Thus, it is a need of an hour to prompt for better WWTPs for both rural and urban areas. Many parts of the world have started to face severe water shortages in recent years, and wastewater reuse methods need to be updated. Clean water supply is not enough to satisfy the needs of the planet as a whole, and the majority of freshwater in the polar regions takes the form of ice and snow. The increasing population requires clean water for drinks, hygiene, irrigation, and various other applications. Lack of water and contamination of water result from human activities. 90% of wastewater is released to water systems without treatment in developing countries. Studies show that about 730 megatons of waste are annually discharged into water from sewages and other effluents. The sustenance of water resources, applying wastewater treatment technologies, and calling down the percentage of potable water has to be strictly guided by mankind. This review compares the treatment of domestic sewage to its working conditions, energy efficiency, etc. In this review, several treatment methods with different mechanisms involved in waste treatment, industrial effluents, recovery/recycling were discussed. The feasibility of bioaugmentation should eventually be tested through data from field implementation as an important technological challenge, and this analysis identifies many promising areas to be explored in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation

Tropical ulcer

Hughes H

Malayan Medical Journal, 1931;6:116-123.

1. Seventy-seven cases of tropical ulcer were studied in the General Hospital, Johore.
2. Age was found to be an important factor in the incidence and duration of the disease.
3. One or more debilitating factors could always be established. After removal of these factors, the ulcer in many cases tended to heal.
4. The course of the ulcer is divided into three stages. Stage I is the spreading stage. In Stage II, a mild sloughing occurs within the original boundaries of the ulcer. This is a chronic stage. In stage III, there is either a stationary or a healing ulcer.
5. Treatment for the first stage is mainly directed towards the general condition of the patient. In the second stage the associated debilitating factors are treated. In cases which do not respond to these measures we tried many forms of treatment. Of these, the most rational seems to be application of strong antiseptics to the sloughs themselves. We have used quinine, as recommended by Innes for this purpose, and we have obtained very satisfactory results in a small series of obstinate cases. Stage III is treated by the application of elastic adhesive bandage.

Matched MeSH terms: Sanitation

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