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The role of toxoplasmosis in congenital disease in Malaysia

Tan DS, Mak JW

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1985 Mar;16(1):88-92.
PMID: 4023821

Toxoplasmosis was found not to be an important cause of intrauterine infection in Malaysia as the rate of toxoplasma-specific IgM in 1,060 congenitally defective Malaysian children, 0 to 4 months old (0.4%) was lower than that in 405 normal children of the same age group (2.0%). A total of 8.2 intra-uterine toxoplasmic infections per 1,000 live births was detected of which one-third (2.7 per 1,000 live births) was overt, manifesting symptoms more of liver damage, than eye or brain damage. A comparison was made with the rates in U.S.A. and Europe. The role of toxoplasmosis in abortion needs to be studied.

Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/immunology; Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/epidemiology*
Fulltext Experiences in the diagnosis and prevention of mental retardation of environmental origin in Singapore

Paul FM

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Dec;37(4):357-61.
PMID: 6300621

Consideration. is gzven to the recognition and prevention of carious types of mental retardation due to hazards of environmental origin. Observations are presented on congenital syphilis, congenital toxoplasmosis, congenital rubella, Singapore kernicterus, Japanese B encephalitis, and tuberculous meningitis. Appropriate preventiue measures have resulted in a significant reduction in Singapore of these conditions, and hence in a decreased frequency of environmentally determined mental retardation. and related disabilities.

Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/complications
Usefulness of paired samples for the Serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis infection in a tertiary teaching Hospital in Malaysia

Thangarajah P, Hajissa K, Wong WK, Abdullah MA, Ismail N, Mohamed Z

BMC Infect Dis, 2019 Feb 28;19(1):202.
PMID: 30819141 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3830-9

BACKGROUND: Accurate diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection remains elusive and requires a comprehensive assessment through laboratory and clinical investigation. In this study, a diagnostic algorithm based on paired serum samples and clinical data was developed and evaluated.
METHODS: A total of 1267 suspected cases of Toxoplasma infection were enrolled in this study from January 2016 to December 2016. The cases were screened for anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG by electrochemiluminiscence immunoassay (ECLIA) method. Based on the serological profiles, all cases with first seropositive serum samples were considered as suggestive cases of Toxoplasma infection. Thus, second serum samples were obtained after an interval of 2 weeks. The diagnosis was made based on laboratory results and clinical data.
RESULTS: A total of 482 T. gondii seroreactive cases were selected. The patient's records were traced and the data were analysed. Accordingly, 152 cases were diagnosed as clinically confirmed cases; 198 cases were clinically asymptomatic and 132 cases were newborn babies or infants who did not have toxoplasmosis and only acquired passive immunity from their mothers. The paired serum algorithm allowed classifying the seroreactive cases as follows: early (0.6%), acute (1.9%), reactivation (13.5%), recent (1.5%), passive immunity from mother (27.3%) and possible congenital infections (1.2%). In addition, cases of reactivated toxoplasmosis were detected among the pregnant mothers (13/82; 15.8%), children aged above 1 year (2/8; 25.0%) and immunocompetent mothers (5/135; 3.7%). Furthermore, the application of the paired serum analysis resulted in remarkably improved treatment initiation.
CONCLUSIONS: Toxoplasmosis diagnosis and treatment can be improved through the use of paired serum diagnostic algorithm.

Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis, Congenital
Recombinant proteins in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis

Kotresha D, Noordin R

APMIS, 2010 Aug;118(8):529-42.
PMID: 20666734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02629.x

Toxoplasma gondii is an important human pathogen with a worldwide distribution. It is primarily of medical importance for pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. Primary infection of the former is often associated with fetal infection, which can lead to abortion or severe neonatal malformation. Immunocompromised patients are at risk of contracting the severe form of the disease that may be fatal. Thus, detection of T. gondii infection with high sensitivity and specificity is crucial in the management of the disease. Toxoplasmosis is generally diagnosed by demonstrating specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to toxoplasma antigens in the patient's serum sample. Most of the commercially available tests use T. gondii native antigens and display wide variations in test accuracy. Recombinant antigens have great potential as diagnostic reagents for use in assays to detect toxoplasmosis. Thus in this review, we address recent advances in the use of Toxoplasma recombinant proteins for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/diagnosis