Browse publications by year: 1995

  1. Correlating Streptococcus mutans counts in saliva with plaque amount, gingival inflammation and caries experience in school children
    Jalil RA
    Singapore Dent J, 1995 Jul;20(1):16-20.
    PMID: 9582684
    Samples of stimulated whole saliva were obtained from ninety-four 12-14-year-old school children living in inner London to evaluate if there was a correlation between Streptococcus mutans counts in saliva with plaque amount, gingival inflammation and caries experience. S. mutans counts were obtained by a dip-slide method (Dentocult 'Strip Mutans') in which the count was expressed as 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 based on visual estimation of the colony density. There was no association between counts' of S. mutans in saliva with plaque amount and gingival inflammation. However, there was a significant trend of increased decayed, missing, filled surfaces (DMFS) with increasing S. mutans counts.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Child; Dental Caries/microbiology*; Dental Plaque/microbiology*; DMF Index; Gingivitis/microbiology*; Humans; London; Saliva/microbiology*; Streptococcus mutans/isolation & purification*; Urban Population; Colony Count, Microbial; Reproducibility of Results
  2. Unicystic ameloblastoma: a late recurrence with pseudo-glandular features. A case report
    Khoo SP, High AS, Awang MN
    Singapore Dent J, 1995 Jul;20(1):21-3.
    PMID: 9582685
    A case of unicystic ameloblastoma which recurred after 15 years showing unusual histological features is reported. The prominent pseudo-glandular features present are described. This case highlights the importance of extensive histological examination for more characteristic features of ameloblastoma to reach a correct diagnosis.
    MeSH terms: Ameloblastoma/pathology*; Ameloblastoma/radiography; Ameloblastoma/surgery; Female; Humans; Mandible/pathology; Mandible/radiography; Mandible/surgery; Mandibular Neoplasms/pathology*; Mandibular Neoplasms/radiography; Mandibular Neoplasms/surgery; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology*; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/radiography; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery; Time Factors
  3. Diffuse axonal injury A clinical and computerised tomography study of 128 patients
    Selladurai BM, Sherazi ZA, Nair RC, Tan YY, Khadar MA
    J Clin Neurosci, 1995 Jul;2(3):216-23.
    PMID: 18638817
    A study of clinical, computerised tomography (CT) profile and outcome was made of 128 patients, diagnosed to have diffuse axonal injury based on CT criteria. The mean age was 26 years. A lucid interval was present in 37 patients and hypoxia and/or hypotension was present in 43 patients. The depth of "marker lesions" in CT correlated with Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) (p<0.02) and duration of coma (p<0.01). The presence of associated intracranial haematoma >25 ml portended an adverse outcome. A logistic regression analysis revealed age, GCS, state of perimesencephalic cisterns and pupillary dilation to be independent predictors of poor outcome. Residual sequelae (focal deficits, cognitive deficits, postconcussion syndrome) were evident in nearly half of patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and a lucid interval.
  4. Determination of artemether and dihydroartemisinin in blood plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography for application in clinical pharmacological studies
    Navaratnam V, Mansor SM, Chin LK, Mordi MN, Asokan M, Nair NK
    J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl, 1995 Jul 21;669(2):289-94.
    PMID: 7581905
    A selective reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the simultaneous quantitative determination of the antimalarial compound artemether (ARM), dihydroartemisinin (DQHS) and artemisinin (QHS), as internal standard, is described. After extraction from plasma, ARM and DQHS were analysed using a Lichrocart/Lichrosphere 100 CN stainless-steel column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05 M acetic acid (15:85, v/v) adjusted to pH 5.0, and electrochemical detection in the reductive mode. The mean recovery of ARM and DQHS over a concentration range of 30-120 ng/ml was 81.6% and 93.4%, respectively. The within-day coefficients of variation were 0.89-7.01% for ARM and 3.45-8.11% for DQHS. The day-to-day coefficients of variation were 2.06-8.43% and 3.22-6.33%, respectively. The minimum detectable concentration for ARM and DQHS in plasma was 2.5 and 1.25 ng/ml for both compounds. The method was found to be suitable for use in clinical pharmacological studies.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Antimalarials/blood*; Antimalarials/pharmacokinetics; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods*; Electrochemistry; Humans; Isomerism; Male; Reference Values; Sesquiterpenes/blood*; Sesquiterpenes/pharmacokinetics; Reproducibility of Results; Artemisinins*
  5. Pharmacokinetics of propofol infusion in Asian patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
    Lee HS, Khoo YM, Chua BC, Ng AS, Tan SS, Chew SL
    Ther Drug Monit, 1995 Aug;17(4):336-41.
    PMID: 7482686
    The pharmacokinetics of propofol was studied in 11 Asian patients with fentanyl-isoflurane anaesthesia during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Instead of the usual increments of morphine and a benzodiazepine, propofol (4 mg/kg/h) was initiated at the start of CPB and ceased at CPB separation. Whole blood propofol concentrations were determined during and postinfusion using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Data from four patients seemed to fit a two-compartment model, whereas those from seven patients were significantly (F test, p < 0.05) better fitted to a three-compartment model. The pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: The mean (SD) of the initial distribution phase t1/2 pi, intermediate distribution phase t1/2 alpha, and elimination phase t1/2 beta were 2.22 (1.04) min, 42.9 (16.4) min, and 370 (138) min, respectively. The mean clearance of 1.31 (0.50) L/min was lower than those reported from other studies, whereas the mean blood concentration of 2.2 (1.0) mg/L at the 1-h infusion period was higher. The mean calculated apparent Css was 3.9 (1.5) mg/L. The low clearance is likely to be due to hemodynamic changes during CPB and CABG, thereby affecting drug distribution and blood flow to the liver.
    MeSH terms: Aged; Coronary Artery Bypass*; China/ethnology; Female; Humans; India/ethnology; Indonesia/ethnology; Malaysia/ethnology; Male; Middle Aged; Singapore; Propofol/administration & dosage; Propofol/blood; Propofol/pharmacokinetics*; Anesthetics, Intravenous/administration & dosage; Anesthetics, Intravenous/blood; Anesthetics, Intravenous/pharmacokinetics*
  6. Isolation and Identification of novel toxins from a new mosquitocidal isolate from Malaysia, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan
    Kawalek MD, Benjamin S, Lee HL, Gill SS
    Appl Environ Microbiol, 1995 Aug;61(8):2965-9.
    PMID: 7487029
    A new mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis subsp., jegathesan, has recently been isolated from Malaysia. Parasporal crystal inclusions were purified from this strain and bioassayed against fourth-instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, Aedes togoi, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles maculatus, and Mansonia uniformis. The 50% lethal concentration of crystal inclusions for each species was 0.34, 8.08, 0.34, 17.59, 3.91, and 120 ng/ml, respectively. These values show that parasporal inclusions from this new subspecies have mosquitocidal toxicity comparable to that of inclusions isolated from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Solubilized and chymotrypsin-activated parasporal inclusions possessed low-level hemolytic activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the crystals were composed of polypeptides of 77, 74, 72, 68, 55, 38, 35, 27, and 23 kDa. Analysis by Western blotting (immunoblotting) with polyclonal antisera raised against toxins purified from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis reveals that proteins in parasporal inclusions of subsp. jegathesan are distinct, because little cross-reactivity was shown. Analysis of the plasmid content of B. thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan indicates that the genes for toxin production may be located on 105- to 120-kb plasmids. Cry- clones that have been cured of these plasmids are nontoxic. Southern blot analysis of plasmid and chromosomal DNA from subsp. jegathesan showed little or low homology to the genes coding for CryIVA, CryIVB, and CryIVD from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Bacillus thuringiensis/genetics; Bacillus thuringiensis/chemistry*; Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification*; Bacterial Toxins/isolation & purification; Endotoxins/isolation & purification*; Hemolysin Proteins; Culicidae; Pest Control, Biological; Plasmids/genetics
  7. Paget's disease of the scrotum: report of a case with underlying carcinoma of the prostate
    Koh KB, Nazarina AR
    Br J Dermatol, 1995 Aug;133(2):306-7.
    PMID: 7547404
    MeSH terms: Aged; Genital Neoplasms, Male/complications*; Genital Neoplasms, Male/pathology; Humans; Male; Paget Disease, Extramammary/complications*; Paget Disease, Extramammary/pathology; Prostatic Neoplasms/complications*; Scrotum
  8. The effects of oestradiol and relaxin on extensibility and collagen organisation of the pregnant rat cervix
    Cheah SH, Ng KH, Johgalingam VT, Ragavan M
    J Endocrinol, 1995 Aug;146(2):331-7.
    PMID: 7561646
    The effects of exogenously introduced oestradiol-17 beta (E) and relaxin (RLX) on cervical extensibility and collagen organisation were tested in rats ovariectomised in late pregnancy. When the cervices were stretched in vitro by 1 mm increments, it was found that those from rats given E alone generated significantly higher tensions than those from control rats, while cervices from rats given both E and RLX had tensions similar to controls. Examination of cervical sections under the light microscope and ultra-thin sections under the electron microscope showed that the collagen fibres in the cervices from E-treated rats were highly organised, whereas those from animals given E+RLX and control animals were disorganised and dispersed. It was concluded that E decreased cervical extensibility, while RLX counteracted the effect of E to maintain a soft and easily extensible cervix.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Cervix Uteri/anatomy & histology; Cervix Uteri/drug effects*; Cervix Uteri/physiology; Cervix Uteri/ultrastructure; Collagen/ultrastructure; Elasticity; Estradiol/pharmacology; Female; Microscopy, Electron; Ovariectomy; Pregnancy; Relaxin/pharmacology; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/pharmacology*; Rats
  9. Removal of chromium (III) from aqueous solution using chrome sludge
    Low KS, Lee CK, Ow-Wee ST
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1995 Aug;55(2):270-5.
    PMID: 7579934
    MeSH terms: Adsorption; Cadmium/metabolism; Cadmium/chemistry; Chromium/metabolism*; Copper/metabolism; Copper/chemistry; Hazardous Waste; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lead/metabolism; Lead/chemistry; Nickel/metabolism; Nickel/chemistry; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Zinc/metabolism; Zinc/chemistry; Occupational Exposure; Waste Management
  10. An antimitotic and cytotoxic chalcone from Fissistigma lanuginosum
    Alias Y, Awang K, Hadi AH, Thoison O, Sévenet T, Païs M
    J Nat Prod, 1995 Aug;58(8):1160-6.
    PMID: 7595585
    Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethyl acetate extract of Fissistigma lanuginosum led to the isolation of the known chalcone pedicin [1], which inhibited tubulin assembly into microtubules (IC50 value of 300 microM). From the same EtOAc fraction, two new condensed chalcones, fissistin [2] and isofissistin [3], which showed cytotoxicity against KB cells, were also obtained, together with the inactive dihydropedicin [4] and 6,7-dimethoxy-5,8-dihydroxyflavone [5]. In addition, the aminoquinones 6, 8, and 9 were isolated from the alkaloid extract. These compounds were artifacts, prepared by treatment of 1, 4, and 2, respectively, with NH4OH. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectral methods, especially 2D nmr.
    MeSH terms: Ethanol; Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification*; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification*; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology; Cell Survival/drug effects; Chalcone/analogs & derivatives*; Chalcone/isolation & purification; Chalcone/pharmacology; Humans; KB Cells; Molecular Conformation; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Plant Extracts/chemistry; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry*; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
  11. Infectiousness of HBsAg carriers in Malaysia
    Ton SH, Yeoh KS, Lim WC, Noriah R, Cheong SK, Thanaletchimy N
    J Trop Med Hyg, 1995 Aug;98(4):277-80.
    PMID: 7636926
    HBV-DNA were analysed in 330 HBsAg-positive carriers in Malaysia by dot-blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. Seventy-three (22.12%) were positive for the virus. Of these, 65 (89%) were males and 8 (11%) were females. Statistically, there was no significant difference (P = 0.13). No significant decline in HBV-DNA with age in the Malay and Chinese males was observed (P = 0.2). Prevalence of HBV-DNA was higher in the Chinese carriers than in the Malay carriers for most age groups in both sexes. Sixty-one HBV-DNA-positive carriers were also positive for HBeAg. However, three individuals were positive only for anti-HBe, one was positive for both HBeAg and anti-HBe, and eight were negative for both HBeAg and anti-HBe. Fifty-seven were positive for HBeAg but negative for HBV-DNA. No relation was observed between raised alanine aminotransaminase and aspartate aminotransaminase levels and the presence of HBV-DNA (P = 0.4).
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Base Sequence; Carrier State/ethnology; Carrier State/epidemiology*; DNA, Viral/isolation & purification; Female; Hepatitis B/ethnology; Hepatitis B/epidemiology*; Hepatitis B/transmission; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood*; Hepatitis B virus/genetics; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Sex Factors; Immunoblotting; Prevalence; Polymerase Chain Reaction
  12. Sociobiological risk factors for spontaneous abortion in Malaysia
    Tan NH, Yahya A, Adeeb N
    J Obstet Gynaecol (Tokyo 1995), 1995 Aug;21(4):313-8.
    PMID: 8775898
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors of spontaneous abortion.

    METHODS: A case-control study was conducted by interviewing 350 women who were admitted to the university gynaecological unit for spontaneous abortion and 350 women who delivered normally at the university obstetric unit. Odds ratios, as the estimators of relative risks, were calculated.

    RESULTS: The relative risk for spontaneous abortion among women in the age-group 30 to 39 years was 1.61 and among women above 40 years of age was 3.68 when compared to those below 30 years of age. In relation to career women, the relative risk of spontaneous abortion for housewives was 0.45. Ethnic group, parity, subfertility, previous induced abortion, ectopic pregnancy, contraception and menarcheal age did not influence the risk of spontaneous abortion.

    CONCLUSION: Increasing age and a woman's career are significant risk factors of spontaneous abortion.

    MeSH terms: Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology*; Adult; Female; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Odds Ratio; Case-Control Studies
  13. Fulltext Acute pancreatitis in north-eastern peninsular Malaysia: an unusual demographic and aetiological pattern
    Raj SM, Lopez D, Thambidorai CR, Kandasamy P, Toufeeq Khan TF, Mohamad H, et al.
    Singapore Med J, 1995 Aug;36(4):371-4.
    PMID: 8919148
    A survey of 142 cases of acute pancreatitis was undertaken in two major hospitals serving the state of Kelantan in Malaysia. Females outnumbered males by a ratio of more than 3:1. The incidence among females peaked in the third decade of life. Twenty-one percent (23/109) of the females were pregnant. Ultrasonography revealed gallstones in only 9.4% (13/138). However, abnormalities of serum transaminases were found in 35% (35/100), suggesting that occult gallstones or microlithiasis may be the cause in a significant proportion of patients. Alcohol was virtually absent as an aetiological factor. There was a higher frequency of Ascaris infection in this group than a control hospital population (11/35 vs 33/242; p < 0.02) suggesting that ascariasis may be an important cause of acute pancreatitis in Kelantan. Only 8.4% fell into the category of severe pancreatitis. The overall mortality rate was 2.1%.
    MeSH terms: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries*; Female; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis/etiology*; Pancreatitis/epidemiology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications/etiology*; Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology; Incidence
  14. Fulltext The status of intermittent peritoneal dialysis in Hospital University Science Malaysia
    Zainal D, Loo CS
    Singapore Med J, 1995 Aug;36(4):379-82.
    PMID: 8919150
    Acute (stab) peritoneal dialysis is commonly practised in Malaysia. This study is designed to improve the management of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in Hospital University Science Malaysia (HUSM). Consecutive peritoneal dialysis (PD) on adult inpatients from May 1992 to September 1992 were reviewed prospectively. There were 40 episodes of peritoneal dialysis on 27 patients during this period given at the rate of 2 PD per week. The mean age of patients were 53 +/- 15 years. Uraemia was the main indication for dialysis, while hyperkalaemia and pulmonary oedema were indications for urgent dialysis. Complications occurred in 14 episodes of dialysis (35%). The most common complication was bleeding in the peritoneal cavity while peritonitis was the second most common complication. Dialysis episodes complicated by peritonitis were done by less experienced performers compared to uncomplicated dialysis episodes. Overall mean time spent on each dialysis and time per cycle were longer than recommended (59 +/- 24 hours and 77 +/- 14 minutes). In conclusion, acute PD performed on patients admitted in Hospital University Malaysia was safe and had complication rates comparable to other established centres. However, improvements are possible through closer supervision of new doctors and tighter nursing precautions.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries*; Female; Hemoperitoneum/etiology; Hemoperitoneum/epidemiology; Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy*; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects; Peritoneal Dialysis/statistics & numerical data*; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/adverse effects; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/statistics & numerical data*; Prospective Studies; Incidence
  15. Fulltext Mucosal enterokinase activity in cow's milk protein sensitive enteropathy
    Iyngkaran N, Yadav M, Boey CG
    Singapore Med J, 1995 Aug;36(4):393-6.
    PMID: 8919154
    Enterokinase has a critical role in initiating proteolytic digestion by hydrolysing the conversion of pancreatic trypsinogen into trypsin. The enzyme is synthesised by enterocytes of the proximal small intestine and initially incorporated into the brush border from where it is released into the intestinal lumen by the action of pancreatic secretions. The aim of the study was to analyse enterokinase activity in the duodenal mucosa of infants with diarrhoeal disease including cow's milk protein-sensitive enteropathy. Our observations show that the mean depletion of enterokinase was only 17% compared to 60-80% for other brush border enzymes like disaccharidases, peptidases and alkaline phosphatases in infants with diarrhoea. This suggests that enterokinase activity in the small bowel enteropathies may be dependent not only on the degree of mucosal damage specifically but also on the extent of damage to the goblet cell population where the enzyme is synthesised. Thus the enterokinase activity was reduced in acute and chronic diarrhoea with marked mucosal damage where significant reduction of goblet cell population was evident but the enzyme was relatively little affected when the mucosa was damaged mildly.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Cattle; Diarrhea, Infantile/etiology*; Enteropeptidase/metabolism*; Female; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology*; Male; Milk Proteins/adverse effects; Milk Hypersensitivity/diagnosis*; Milk Hypersensitivity/enzymology; Milk Hypersensitivity/pathology
  16. Fulltext Melioidosis presenting as epididymo-orchitis
    Koh KB
    Singapore Med J, 1995 Aug;36(4):446.
    PMID: 8919168
    We report a rare case of suppurative epididymo-orchitis caused by Pseudomonas pseudomallei in a 56-year-old male. This is a gram negative bacillus found mainly in tropical zones. Diagnosis was reached by culture of the organisms after drainage of the scrotal abscess, and the patient was treated by a course of oral chloramphenicol 500 mg qid for 6 months.
    MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential; Epididymitis/diagnosis*; Humans; Male; Melioidosis/diagnosis*; Middle Aged; Orchitis/diagnosis*; Burkholderia pseudomallei
  17. Responses to HIV / AIDS: the case of Malaysia
    Chong S
    Venereology, 1995 Aug;8(3):149-52.
    PMID: 12290782
    MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*; Asia; Asia, Southeastern; Developing Countries; Disease; Government Programs*; Malaysia; Organization and Administration; Virus Diseases; HIV Infections*
  18. Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) eggs: field survivorship during northern Indiana winters
    Hanson SM, Craig GB
    J Med Entomol, 1995 Sep;32(5):599-604.
    PMID: 7473614
    Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is an Asian mosquito that recently has colonized North America via used tire transport. Temperate Ae. albopictus populations overwinter as diapausing eggs, but tropical populations cannot diapause. Eggs of tropical (SABAH) and temperate (INDY) Ae. albopictus were obtained in diapause-inducing conditions and placed inside a scrap tire to monitor overwintering survival in northern Indiana during the winters of 1989-1990 and 1990-1991. Diapause eggs of Ae. triseriatus (Say), a native North American mosquito, were included for comparison. Tropical Ae. albopictus from Malaysia did not survive either winter. Temperate Ae. albopictus from Indianapolis, IN, did not survive the winter of 1989-1990, but 78% survived the winter of 1990-1991. In contrast, 92 and 96% of Ae. triseriatus survived the winters of 1989-1990 and 1990-1991, respectively. Neither mean temperature nor absolute minimum temperature (a winter's lowest temperature) accurately predicted Ae. albopictus overwintering survivorship in the field. The possible effect of snow and other insulating materials on the overwintering survivorship of Ae. albopictus eggs is discussed.
    MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological; Aedes*; Animals; Cold Climate; Female; Indiana; Ovum*; Seasons
  19. Incidence, density and direction of hair on the dorsum of phalanges of the hands in Malays
    Dharap AS, Varma SL, Chary TV
    Anthropol Anz, 1995 Sep;53(3):269-76.
    PMID: 7486886
    In this study 200 Malay subjects (100 males and 100 females) were randomly selected from patients attending outpatient clinics of Hospital USM, Kelantan, Malaysia, to find out the incidence, density and direction of hair on the dorsum of phalanges of the hand. These features have not been studied so far in females nor has such a study been conducted in Malays. The probability of density of hair distribution among the digits of both hands showed significant correlation on proximal phalanges (p < 0.05) in both sexes. Significant correlation was not observed, however, in the middle phalangeal hair (MPH) of the hands. The direction of proximal phalangeal hair, from little finger to the thumb, showed significant changes from ulnar to radial in both sexes (p < 0.05). Identification of isolated digits, which is of medicolegal importance, would be more accurate if the direction and the density of hair on the digits are both considered together. MPH was present in 48% of males and in 33% of females studied. Comparisons with presence of MPH in other populations show that Malays are ethnically similar to other Asiatic populations.

    Study site: utpatient clinics of Hospital USM, Kelantan, Malaysi
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethnic Groups/genetics*; Female; Fingers/anatomy & histology*; Gene Frequency*; Genetics, Population; Hair/anatomy & histology*; Hospitals, University; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Phenotype; Reference Values
  20. Fulltext Knowledge and attitudes of parents of children with nursing bottle syndrome in Serdang, Malaysia
    Syahrial D, Abdul-Kadir R, Yassin Z, Jali NM
    J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 1995 Sep;37(3):146-51.
    PMID: 7490607 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd1959.37.146
    A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the parents' level of knowledge, and their attitudes to nursing bottle syndrome. Of 284 children aged 2-6 years clinically examined, 153 were diagnosed as having nursing bottle syndrome based on the criterion that at least one upper maxillary incisor was affected by caries. The parents of the 153 affected children were then interviewed by questionnaire. The findings suggested that parents had adequate knowledge and a positive attitude towards maintaining satisfactory dental care for their children. However, these attitudes were not reflected in the dental health of their children. The implications of these findings are discussed.
    MeSH terms: Attitude to Health; Bottle Feeding/adverse effects*; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Care; Dental Caries/etiology*; Dental Caries/prevention & control; Fluoridation; Health Education, Dental; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*; Malaysia; Oral Health; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Tooth, Deciduous; Toothbrushing
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