Phrase-level prosody serves two essential functions in many languages of the world: chunking information into units (demarcating) and marking important information (highlighting). Recent work suggests that prosody has a mainly demarcating function in the Trade Malay language family. That is, the use of pitch accents in these languages is limited or absent, as the main prosodic events occur on the final two syllables in a phrase. The current study investigates the extent to which Papuan Malay phrase prosody is used for demarcating and highlighting, taking into account the potential influence of word stress. This is done by means of acoustic analyses on a corpus of spontaneous speech. Both the form (F0 movement) and the possible functions (demarcating and highlighting) of the final two syllables in Papuan Malay phrases are investigated. Although most results favor the demarcating function of Papuan Malay phrase prosody, a highlighting function cannot be ruled out. The results suggest that Papuan Malay might hold an exceptional position in the typology of prosodic prominence.
Introduction: : The increased pesticide usage is due to intensification of agricultural sector. Pesticide is known to give
an adverse effect to human health and environment. This study aims to investigate the level of knowledge, attitude
and practice (KAP) on pesticide exposure among farmers. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among
vegetable and fruits farmers in the district of Kota Bharu, Kelantan. A modified KAP questionnaire was adapted and
interviewed among 144 respondents. KAP level was constructed from the scores obtained. Results: About 85.4%
of them were males with mean age of 48 years old, and 66% of them finished secondary school. The respondents’
complaint that they had experienced symptoms such as excessive sweating (34.7%), blurred vision (27.1%) and
numbness in legs (22.9%). Around 63% of farmers stored the pesticide bottle at designated place, while 62% wore
personal protective equipment during spraying pesticides. About 61.1% of respondents had moderate knowledge
of the pesticide used, 56.3% of them showed a not concern level of attitude towards pesticide usage, and 21.5% of
them indicated a good practice while handling the pesticide. Significant correlation was observed between attitude
with knowledge and practice (p
Introduction: Exposure to total inhalable dust has become a public concern because constant exposure to the dust
concentration exceeding workplace exposure limit may cause decline in lung function. This study aims to compare
the total inhalable dust exposure among rice mill, sawmill, furniture factory and non-exposed workers as well as
to correlate the dust exposure with lung function. Methods: A total of 77 exposed and 39 non-exposed workers
were recruited into this study utilising purposive sampling method. The total inhalable dust concentration was
collected using Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) personal airborne sampler loaded with glass microfibre
filter connected to a sampling pump via tygon tubing which was attached to the workers. Post-shift lung function
test was also measured. Results: There was a significant difference in the dust concentration between rice mill,
sawmill, furniture factory and non-exposed workers (p = 0.001) with the highest median value of 2.4 x 103
µg/m3
(IQR: 1.1 x 103
– 5.8 x 103
) among sawmill workers. Significant difference (p = 0.001) was shown between
workers for measured forced expiratory value in one second (FEV1), measured forced expiratory value in one second
and forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC) and predicted FEV1/FVC. Among the exposed workers, weak negative
significant correlations were portrayed between total inhalable dust with the predicted forced vital capacity (FVC)
(r = -0.282, p = 0.013) and predicted FEV1 (r = -0.241, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Dust concentration might be attributable to the lung function decline among exposed workers especially sawmill workers.
Introduction: Rotary wing aircraft (RWA) or the helicopter has been used in Primary Health Care and Medical Emergency Services in the state of Sabah since the seventies. The use of RWA has distinct advantages in terms of speed, ability to access remote areas and in the transportation of patients to tertiary care. Single engine RWA was used for the last forty years which has now been replaced with twin engine RWA. The objective of this study is to compare the different type of RWA which was used and the suitability of
these machines for health services in Sabah. Methods: A detailed analysis and comparison of manufacturers’ specifications which include the performance, size, the number of power plant, passenger capacity,
safety track record, aircraft manufacturer’ s support, maintenance and operational costs of different types of RWA available in Sabah taking into account current and future demands as well as functional requirements and
the capability of the aircraft service providers were considered. Results: The choice of aircrafts depends on the type of service and its suitability. From the assessment, a single engine RWA would be adequate to support the
current and future need in Sabah. Conclusion: Adequate technical knowledge in choosing the type of aircraft to provide an effective health service is vital. These also contribute to the cost effectiveness of the program and significantly determine efficiency of the service and the interest of the rural people with poor accessibility to health care.
Introduction: IImmersive Virtual Reality (IVR) is a computer-generated world where users can immerse using
Head-mounted devices (HMD), but different spatial ability groups show different performance when engaged
virtual reality. The VR application of the solar system roller-coaster tour develop by DrashVR LLC downloaded from
Google Play used for the study. It aims to study spatial ability group’s viewing techniques related to emotional engagement toward IVR. Methods: The study employed a qualitative research design with triangulation method to administer a spatial ability test before IVR sessions to determine low spatial (0-15 score) and high spatial (16-30 score)
groups. Observations of 30 participants were made and conduct semi-structured interviews after each IVR session.
Results: 23% of high spatial and 10% low spatial group used an aggressive viewing technique. While 33% of
high spatial and 34% of low spatial using less aggressive and static viewing techniques restricted view less than
180 degrees to avoid unpleasant feeling. Both groups reported cybersickness after an average time of 5 minutes
for low spatial and 7 minutes for high spatial. High spatial counter cybersickness by focus on visual elements
to immersed and sustain attention while low spatial focus on the negative feeling that rip out enjoyment. 70% of
high and low spatial with positive emotion engagement could sustain enjoyment due to motivated to continue
VR tour despite having cybersickness. Conclusion: : Different spatial abilities displayed unique viewing techniques
and emotional engagement to counter the unpleasant effects. The result significant when these groups of spatial using
IVR as treatment.
Introduction: The use of traditional storage facilities by most of the grain farmers and traders in Nigeria promotes fungal contamination of stored grains and subsequently mycotoxins which are potent carcinogens, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic and immunotoxic when consumed. This study was conducted to determine the incidence and phenotypes of mycotoxigenic fungi associated with commonly consumed food grains in Katsina state, Nigeria. Method: Fungal population in 21 composite samples each of maize, wheat, rice and peanuts from three open markets were determined using standard mycological techniques. Aspergillus spp obtained from the sam- ples were screened for aflatoxigenicity and subsequently characterised by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transformed Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Results: A total of 136 filamentous fungi belonging to 19 species were isolated, of which Aspergillus flavus (18.4%), Mucor racemosus (13.2%) and Aspergillus niger (10.3%), were predominant. The highest level of contamination was found in the peanuts (1.8 x 105 ± 2.5 x
105 CFU/g). All the 12 Aspergillus parasiticus and 18 (72%) of Aspergillus flavus isolates obtained from the samples produced aflatoxin B1 on solid media as observed under ultraviolet light and confirmed by Thin Layer Chromatography. The ATR-FTIR spectra of both toxigenic and atoxigenic Aspergillus spp showed similar pattern. Conclusion: The levels of the mycotoxigenic fungi in the food grains, except for rice, were above the permissible limit of 100 to 10,000 CFU/g set by ICMSF, this signifies that they are unsafe for use as food or feed ingredients and hence, the need for more stringent control measures.
Introduction: Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, abundant industrial effluents are discharged into the environment. Concerns have been raised on dye manufacturing and textile industries due to the detrimental effects of effluents containing dye discharged. Hence, this study aims to examine the adsorption of a common synthetic dye using Agaricales (Gilled Mushrooms) as biosorbents. Method: Among the
5 species of Agaricales cultivated in the screening experiment, Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) and Pleurotus eryngii (King Oyster Mushroom) were found to have relatively higher growth rates of 86.17% and 77.97% respectively. Pleurotus ostreatus was selected for recultivation with addition of 50 ppm of Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye to examine its ability to remove the dye. Pleurotus ostreatus showed rapid decolorizing ability within 3 days of cultivation with Ramazol Brilliant Blue R. Therefore, batch analysis was subsequently conducted by varying the experimental parameters. Results: AFrom the batch analysis, Pleurotus ostreatus achieved the highest dye decolorization in cultivation medium of pH 2, 0.1 mL surfactant, 0 mg/L of sodium chloride and with 8 plugs of biosorbent. Adsorption isotherm studies were also conducted. The adsorption data fitted Jovanovic isotherm the most with highest R2 value of 0.9949 compared to Langmuir, Freundlich and Harkin-Jura isotherms. Conclusion: This study shows the potential of Agaricales, particularly Pleurotus ostreatus as biosorbent of synthetic dye due to its high growth rate and efficiency of synthetic dye removal.
Introduction: Dengue is an endemic disease that affects community members of all ages, including young chil- dren. With proper exposure, children will be aware of their surroundings and can keep themselves protected. Thus, the current study design introduces an activity-based programme to suit children, with the aim of testing the effectiveness of this programme by analysing knowledge and practice scores of children before and after the programme. Method: A pilot study to determine the effectiveness of an activity-based programme was conducted among fifty KEMAS kindergarten children from June to July 2019. The one-day based programme consisting of theatre performance and games were conducted at the Universiti Sains Malaysia. Data from participants involved was collected a week before and a week after the activity-based programme using a validated questionnaire. Results from the data were statistically analysed using the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive test was used to generate socio-demographic data while the Wilcoxon Sign-Rank test was used to compare knowledge and attitude scores before and after the programme. Results: A total of 46 participants have successfully attended the activity-based programme and completed pre and post questionnaires. There were significant differences in both knowledge and practice scores among participants following participation in the activity-based programme, where, p < 0.001. Conclusion: This preliminary study concludes that an activity-based programme on dengue has improved participants’ knowledge and practice towards dengue, thus can be considered as a validated programme for early exposure of prevention knowledge and measures against dengue among kindergarten children.
One of the vascular disorders that occurs in the elderly is hypertension. The most severe consequence of this com- plications is stroke. Prevention of hypertension with non-pharmacological therapy like listening to classical music (eg. Mozart). Classical music can stimulate alpha waves in the brain, releasing a peptide called beta-endorphin. This causes a sense of tranquility so that the heart rhythm decreases, and blood pressure drops. The sample in this study were 17 respondents, aged over 60 years. The result of this case report showed an average systolic reduction of 21 mmHg. Before intervention, 53% suffered from stage 2 hypertension (mean systolic 162 mmHg) and after the intervention with classical music therapy for 12 days, 65% recovered with stage 1 hypertension (average systolic 141 mmHg). So, the interventions of listening to classical music, can maintain balance in blood pressure among hypertension patient.
Mentoring has been used in various forms for centuries in education business, and industry. Changes in health main- tenance over the years have stemmed in a nursing lack and insufficient nursing staff. There is evolving proof to hold up the importance of mentorship in other specialties. But in nursing division the proof of mentorship is not properly identified. Mentorship systems are a scheme to help to retain nursing profession. Research reveals mentoring to be valuable for nurse and new graduate nurses to improve retention and reduce their stress. Therefore, the purpose of the survey is to understand recognize attributes of mentorship systems that influenced nursing education programs. The methodologies employed in this study were systematic review. Initial thematic analysis revealed four themes as potential contributions of mentoring to facilitate health care flow amongst nurses. The outcomes of literature review were incorporated to create conceptual model.
Introduction: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. The leukemia affects not only the quality of life (QOL) of children but also their caregivers. This study aimed to identify the Quality of Life of parents of children with ALL and to find out the association between QOL of parents of children with ALL and the selected demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to assess the QOL among parents of children with ALL. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was followed to select 70 parents of children with ALL attending oncology Outpatient Department in selected hospitals of Kolkata, West Bengal. Semi-structured inter- view was conducted and the ‘Adult Carer Quality of Life (ACQOL)', the standardized questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. Results: The study findings revealed that majority (71.43%) of the parents were mother, maximum (77.14%) parents were belonged to the 30-40 years of age group, majority (42.86%) of the parents spent more than 60 hours per week for caring. It was found that majority of the clients 48 (68.57%) had perceived their quality of life as ‘Mid-range'. There was a significant association between QOL and monthly family income and time (in hours) spent for caring per week. Conclusion: The study was believed to be a helpful guide for future study on assessment of Quality of Life of any other caregivers in a large sample for better generalization.
Introduction: Based on World Health Organization (WHO) incidence of musculoskeletal diseases is estimated to reach 60.4% of all occupational illness. Research conducted in the UK and Hongkong on nurses reported lower stage pain of 38% and 39% and some neck pain 34% and 31% respectively. Musculoskeletal disorders are basically complaints of pain in parts of our body that include muscles, joints, ligaments, skeletons, and nerves. Work posture is one of the factors that influence the increase in musculoskeletal disorders. The objective of the research is to identify correlation between posture at job with musculoskeletal disorders complaints in the emergency department among nurses. Methods: The Method of the research was a quantitative research using cross sectional methods with Spear- men Rho correlation statistic test and the sampling method used total sampling. The sample size in this study was 40 nurses in the Emergency Department. Data collection was conducted by using Nordic Body Maps questionnaire to assess Musculoskeletal Disorder and posture of job assessment was carried out by Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Results: The results from this study showed that half of respondents (50%) were 26-30 years old, more than half (67%) of respondents are male, more than half (60%) have very high risks due to posture of job, and more than half (55%) had heavy complaints. Conclusion: There was a correlation between job posture with musculoskeletal disorders.
Introduction: In the present scenario there are many qualified nursing human resources with flawless emotional personality but with errors in job accomplishment, lack of accuracy and delays in working completion, low working motivation, as well as careless and insincere working. The qualified nursing human resources must consist of nurses with a passion for work and with creativity. They must be proactive, with great deal of warmth and smiles. Based on the required nursing competences, it is found that the on-duty nurses should acquire several vital proficiencies such as leadership qualities, proper working procedures, interpersonal/soft skills, and environmental control. Soft skills may be developed and improved through various ways like trainings, modification of the environment, and with appropri- ate nursing education. Methods: The research population consists of 18 master's degree nursing students of a hospital divided into a control and experimental group (total sampling), and 47 on-duty nurses who are collected through a random sampling technique. Results: The results of the present study show that the implementation of transformation- al leadership model is effective to improve nurses' soft skills in terms of self-assurance, communication, compliance, teamwork, precision, discipline and problem solving. There were also noteworthy changes after the model imple- mentations based on 1st month and 2nd month and then on those at 1st month and 3rd month. Conclusion: The Soft Skills-Based Transformational leadership model is highly applicable in nursing care units of all hospitals to meet the challenges of the world in improving human resources by means of improvement of performance. With respect to soft skills and intrapersonal skills as well as the frequently neglected nurses' daily activities and portfolio worksheets are highly effective in dealing with the model applications.
Introduction: Aedes sp can transmit various diseases including dengue fever, chikungunya whose symptoms are almost similar to dengue fever. In the recent times a new case is the virus outbreak of Zika. Many efforts have been made to suppress the density of the vector populations with the control of Aedes sp mosquitoes. One of them is by using vegetable larvicides namely garlic solution (Allium sativum). Methods: This research is a pseudo experiment with posttest design with a control group. The aim of this research study is to know the effectiveness of garlic solution in killing the larva Aedes sp. This research sample is 484 tails that are bred by the researchers themselves. The con- centrations used in this study were 0%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% with 5 repetitions. The free variable in this study is the concentration of garlic solution and the bound variable is the larva Aedes sp. Results: The results of the study using one-way ANOVA test (p = 0.001) indicate that there are differences in the larvae deaths between each con- centration. Observation by using the Abbot formula at a concentration of 60% it is found to be susceptible in killing of Aedes sp larvae due to the death of larvae at 100%. Conclusion: This means there is a direct relation between the increasing concentration of garlic solution and the number of dead larvae of Aedes sp. So, garlic can be one of the alternatives in vector control that is safe for the environment.
Introduction: The problem in patients who are intubated with endotracheal tube is the occurrence of accumulation of secretions. One of the actions to reduce the secretion is closed suction. This research monitors the patient's oxy- gensaturation and also reveals the effect of closed suction on oxygen and AaDO2 saturation (alveolar-arterial oxygen difference) in patients who were mechanically ventilated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Dr. Kariadi Hospital. The design of this study uses pre experiment. Methods: The research process has been carried out on April 2, 2019 until May 26, 2019 in the Intensive Care Unit with a total sampling technique, on 15 respondents. Result: The results of the study showed that there was effect of closed suction technique on the value of oxygen saturation in patients with mechanical ventilation (p-value = 0.010). Conclusion: Closed suction can lead to decrease of air volume in the lungs up to 1200 ml. So hyperoxygenation must be done before closed suction as it can reduces the incidence of hypox- emia by 49%. Before closing the suction, it is recommended to do hyperoxygenation.
Introduction: The number of inpatient visiting the Bhayangkara Level III Hospital in Kendari City in 2016 was 2322 people, in 2017 there were 3611 people, in 2018 there were 3488 people and from January to November 2019 there were 4243 people. Methods: This research uses descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach. This research is a case study of the service quality of the Bhayangkara Level III Kendari Hospital. In this study, the sample was taken using simple random sampling technique, in which each element was selected randomly. Results: There are 25 customer requirements for services in the Inpatient Installation of Bhayangkara Hospital, Kendari City which can be categorized into 8 dimensions of service quality according to Brown with priority order based on the level of importance (Tke), namely: 1) Safety Dimensions (98.6%); 2) Dimensions of Interpersonal Relations (98.6%);
3) Dimensions of Continuity (97.1%); 4) Dimension of Effectiveness (97.1%); 5) Efficiency Dimension (97.1%); 6) Dimension of Convenience (97.1%); 7) Dimensions of Access to Services (92.9%) and 8) Dimensions of Officer Competence (92.9%). Conclusion: According to the results of this research it is found that nurses did not take special time to communicate with patients. The officers were warm to patients, doctors always heard complaints and stories of patients, pharmacy officers always prayed for patients to get well soon.