Intentions to be Vaccinated Against COVID-19: The Role of Prosociality and Conspiracy Beliefs across 20 Countries

Enea V 1 , Eisenbeck N 2 , Carreno DF 3 , Douglas KM 4 , Sutton RM 4 , Agostini M 5 Show all authors , Bélanger JJ 6 , Gützkow B 5 , Kreienkamp J 5 , Abakoumkin G 7 , Abdul Khaiyom JH 8 , Ahmedi V 9 , Akkas H 10 , Almenara CA 11 , Atta M 12 , Bagci SC 13 , Basel S 14 , Berisha Kida E 9 , Bernardo ABI 15 , Buttrick NR 16 , Chobthamkit P 17 , Choi HS 18 , Cristea M 19 , Csaba S 20 , Damnjanovic K 21 , Danyliuk I 22 , Dash A 23 , Di Santo D 24 , Faller DG 25 , Fitzsimons G 26 , Gheorghiu A 27 , Gómez Á 28 , Grzymala-Moszczynska J 29 , Hamaidia A 30 , Han Q 31 , Helmy M 32 , Hudiyana J 33 , Jeronimus BF 5 , Jiang DY 34 , Jovanović V 35 , Kamenov Ž 36 , Kende A 37 , Keng SL 38 , Kieu TTT 39 , Koc Y 5 , Kovyazina K 40 , Kozytska I 22 , Krause J 5 , Kruglanski AW 41 , Kurapov A 22 , Kutlaca M 42 , Lantos NA 37 , Lemay EP 41 , Lesmana CBJ 43 , Louis WR 44 , Lueders A 45 , Malik NI 12 , Martinez A 46 , McCabe KO 47 , Mehulić J 36 , Milla MN 33 , Mohammed I 48 , Molinario E 49 , Moyano M 50 , Muhammad H 51 , Mula S 52 , Muluk H 33 , Myroniuk S 5 , Najafi R 53 , Nisa CF 6 , Nyúl B 37 , O'Keefe PA 38 , Osuna JJO 54 , Osin EN 55 , Park J 56 , Pica G 57 , Pierro A 58 , Rees J 59 , Reitsema AM 5 , Resta E 52 , Rullo M 60 , Ryan MK 61 , Samekin A 62 , Santtila P 63 , Sasin E 6 , Schumpe BM 64 , Selim HA 65 , Stanton MV 66 , Sultana S 5 , Tseliou E 7 , Utsugi A 67 , van Breen JA 68 , Van Lissa CJ 69 , Van Veen K 70 , vanDellen MR 71 , Vázquez A 28 , Wollast R 72 , Yeung VW 73 , Zand S 74 , Žeželj IL 21 , Zheng B 75 , Zick A 76 , Zúñiga C 77 , Leander NP 5

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi
  • 2 Department of Personality, Evaluation andPsychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville
  • 3 Department of Psychology, Universidad de Almería
  • 4 School of Psychology, University of Kent
  • 5 Department of Psychology, University of Groningen
  • 6 Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi
  • 7 Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Thessaly
  • 8 Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Malaysia
  • 9 Department of Pedagogy, Pristine University
  • 10 Business Administration Dept., Ankara Science University
  • 11 Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas
  • 12 Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha
  • 13 Department of Psychology, Sabanci University
  • 14 Department of Social Sciences, New York University Abu Dhabi
  • 15 Department of Psychology, De La Salle University
  • 16 Department of Psychology, University of Virginia
  • 17 Department of Psychology, Thammasat University
  • 18 Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University
  • 19 Department of Psychology, Heriot Watt University
  • 20 Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
  • 21 Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade
  • 22 Department of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
  • 23 Institute of Management and Organization, Leuphana University of Luneburg
  • 24 Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University "La Sapienza", Rome
  • 25 Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore
  • 26 Marketing and Psychology, Duke University
  • 27 Center for European Studies, Faculty of Law, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University
  • 28 Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
  • 29 Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University
  • 30 Psychology/ Research Unit Human Resources Development, Setif 2 University
  • 31 The School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol
  • 32 Department of Psychology, Sultan Qaboos University, Menoufia University
  • 33 Department of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia
  • 34 Department of Psychology, National Chung-Cheng University
  • 35 Department of Psychology, University of Novi Sad
  • 36 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
  • 37 Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
  • 38 Division of Social Science, Yale-NUS College
  • 39 Department of Psychology, HCMC University of Education
  • 40 Independent Researcher
  • 41 Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park
  • 42 Department of Psychology, Durham University
  • 43 Department of Psychiatry, Udayana University
  • 44 School of Psychology, University of Queensland
  • 45 Department of Psychology, University of Limerick
  • 46 Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield
  • 47 Department of Psychology, Carleton University
  • 48 Mass Communication, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto
  • 49 Department of Psychology, Florida Gulf Coast University
  • 50 Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba
  • 51 Department of Psychology, University of Peshawar
  • 52 Dipartimento dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, University "La Sapienza, Rome
  • 53 Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch
  • 54 Department of Political Science and Administration, National Distance Education University (UNED)
  • 55 Department of Psychology, HSE University
  • 56 Graduate School of Management, NUCB Business School
  • 57 School of Law, University of Camerino
  • 58 Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University "La Sapienza", Rome
  • 59 Research Institute Social Cohesion, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, and Department of Social Psychology, University of Bielefeld
  • 60 Department of Social, Political and Cognitive Sciences, University of Siena
  • 61 Department of Psychology, University of Exeter
  • 62 School of Liberal Arts, M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
  • 63 Faculty of Arts and Sciences; NYU-ECNU Institute for Social Development, New York University Shanghai
  • 64 Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam
  • 65 Department of Psychology, King Saud University
  • 66 Department of Public Health, California State University, East Bay
  • 67 Graduate School of Humanities, Nagoya University
  • 68 Institute of Governance and Global Affairs, Leiden University
  • 69 Department of Methodology & Statistics, Utrecht University
  • 70 Sustainable Society, University of Groningen
  • 71 Department of Psychology, University of Georgia
  • 72 Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont-Auvergne
  • 73 Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong
  • 74 Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca
  • 75 Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London
  • 76 Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence (IKG), Bielefeld University
  • 77 Department of Psychology, Universidad de Chile
Health Commun, 2023 Jul;38(8):1530-1539.
PMID: 35081848 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.2018179

Abstract

Understanding the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake is important to inform policy decisions and plan vaccination campaigns. The aims of this research were to: (1) explore the individual- and country-level determinants of intentions to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and (2) examine worldwide variation in vaccination intentions. This cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the first wave of the pandemic, involving 6697 respondents across 20 countries. Results showed that 72.9% of participants reported positive intentions to be vaccinated against COVID-19, whereas 16.8% were undecided, and 10.3% reported they would not be vaccinated. At the individual level, prosociality was a significant positive predictor of vaccination intentions, whereas generic beliefs in conspiracy theories and religiosity were negative predictors. Country-level determinants, including cultural dimensions of individualism/collectivism and power distance, were not significant predictors of vaccination intentions. Altogether, this study identifies individual-level predictors that are common across multiple countries, provides further evidence on the importance of combating conspiracy theories, involving religious institutions in vaccination campaigns, and stimulating prosocial motives to encourage vaccine uptake.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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