The Gulf Achievement of Cholesterol Targets in Out-Patients Study (GULF ACTION): Design, Rationale, and Preliminary Results

Albackr HB 1 , Al Waili K 2 , Almahmeed W 3 , Jarallah MA 4 , Amin MI 5 , Alrasadi K 6 Show all authors , Batais MA 7 , Almigbal TH 7 , Youssef A 8 , Alghamdi M 9 , Al Shehri M 10 , Ahmad I 10 , ElToukhy RA 7 , Kholaif N 11 , Kinsara AJ 12 , Al-Kindi M 13 , Barzargani N 14 , Hassan M 15 , Suwaidi SA 15 , Rajan R 4 , Altaradi H 16 , Alhabib KF 1

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Masqat, Oman
  • 3 Heart Vascular Institute Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, UAE
  • 4 Department of Cardiology, Sabah Al Ahmad Cardiac Center, Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
  • 5 Mohamed Bin Khalifa specialist Cardiac Center, Awali, Bahrain
  • 6 Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
  • 7 Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 8 Saud AlBabtain Cardiac Center, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 9 Department of Cardiac Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 10 Armed forces hospital, Southern Region, KSA
  • 11 Department of Adult Cardiology, Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 12 Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, COM-WR, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 13 Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
  • 14 Dubai Hospital, Dubai, UAE
  • 15 Primary Health Care Department, Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai, UAE
  • 16 King Saud University Medical City, Corporate of Nursing Affairs, Nursing Education and Development, Research Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 2023;21(4):285-292.
PMID: 37431901 DOI: 10.2174/1570161121666230710145604

Abstract

AIM: To assess the current dyslipidemia management in the Arabian Gulf region by describing the demographics, study design, and preliminary results of out-patients who achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals at the time of the survey.

BACKGROUND: The Arabian Gulf population is at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at younger ages. There is no up-to-date study regarding dyslipidemia management in this region, especially given the recent guideline-recommended LDL-C targets.

OBJECTIVE: Up-to-date comprehensive assessment of the current dyslipidemia management in the Arabian Gulf region, particularly in view of the recent evidence of the additive beneficial effects of ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK-9) inhibitors on LDL-C levels and cardiovascular outcomes.

METHODS: The Gulf Achievement of Cholesterol Targets in Out-Patients (GULF ACTION) is an ongoing national observational longitudinal registry of 3000 patients. In this study, adults ≥18 years on lipidlowering drugs for over three months from out-patients of five Gulf countries were enrolled between January 2020 and May 2022 with planned six-month and one-year follow-ups.

RESULTS: Of the 1015 patients enrolled, 71% were male, aged 57.9±12 years. In addition, 68% had atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), 25% of these patients achieved the LDL-C target, and 26% of the cohort were treated using combined lipid-lowering drugs, including statins.

CONCLUSION: The preliminary results of this cohort revealed that only one-fourth of ASCVD patients achieved LDL-C targets. Therefore, GULF ACTION shall improve our understanding of current dyslipidemia management and "guideline gaps" in the Arabian Gulf region.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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