Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum sanctum Linn. and its antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Gautam D 1 , Dolma KG 2 , Khandelwal B 3 , Gupta M 4 , Singh M 4 , Mahboob T 1 Show all authors , Teotia A 5 , Thota P 5 , Bhattacharya J 6 , Goyal R 7 , M R Oliveira S 8 , Pereira ML 9 , Wiart C 10 , Wilairatana P 11 , Eawsakul K 12 , Rahmatullah M 13 , Saravanabhavan SS 14 , Nissapatorn V 1

Affiliations 

  • 1 School of Allied Health Sciences and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
  • 2 Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
  • 3 Department of Medicine, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
  • 4 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
  • 5 Department of Microbiology, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ghaziabad, Utter Pradesh, India
  • 6 School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
  • 7 Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
  • 8 Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
  • 9 CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
  • 10 The Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
  • 11 Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
  • 12 School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
  • 13 Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 14 Department of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayak Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
PeerJ, 2023;11:e15590.
PMID: 37529215 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15590

Abstract

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles using the green route is an effective strategy in nanotechnology that provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to physical and chemical methods. This study aims to prepare an aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum (O. sanctum)-based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through the green route and test their antibacterial activity. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterised by colour change, UV spectrometric analysis, FTIR, and particle shape and size morphology by SEM and TEM images. The nanoparticles are almost spherical to oval or rod-shaped with smooth surfaces and have a mean particle size in the range of 55 nm with a zeta potential of -2.7 mV. The antibacterial activities of AgNPs evaluated against clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) showed that the AgNPs from O. sanctum are effective in inhibiting A. baumannii growth with a zone of inhibition of 15 mm in the agar well diffusion method and MIC and MBC of 32 µg/mL and 64 µg/mL, respectively. The SEM images of A. baumannii treated with AgNPs revealed damage and rupture in bacterial cells. The time-killing assay by spectrophotometry revealed the time- and dose-dependent killing action of AgNPs against A. baumannii, and the assay at various concentrations and time intervals indicated a statistically significant result in comparison with the positive control colistin at 2 µg/mL (P 

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