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The impact of periodontal disease on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Al-Maweri SA 1 , Alhajj MN 2 , Halboub E 3 , Tamimi F 4 , Salleh NM 2 , Al-Ak'hali MS 5 Show all authors , Kassim S 6 , Abdulrab S 7 , Anweigi L 4 , Mohammed MMA 8

Affiliations 

  • 1 College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. Sadali05@hotmail.com
  • 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 3 Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  • 4 College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
  • 5 Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  • 6 Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
  • 7 Al Khor Health Center, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  • 8 Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
BMC Oral Health, 2023 Sep 09;23(1):658.
PMID: 37689665 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03378-0

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A possible relationship between periodontitis (PD) and COVID-19 and its adverse outcomes has been suggested. Hence, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the available evidence regarding the potential association between periodontitis (PD) and COVID-19 and its adverse outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies published up to April 15th, 2023. Studies that evaluated the association between PD and COVID-19 were included. Risk of bias was evaluated by two reviewers, and meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 software.

RESULTS: A total of 22 studies involving 92,535 patients from USA, Europe, Asia, the Middle East and South America were included; of these, 12 were pooled into the meta-analysis. Most of the studies (19 studies) reported a significant association between PD and COVID-19. The pooled data found a significant association between PD and COVID-19 outcomes: more severe symptoms (OR = 6.95, P = 0.0008), ICU admissions (OR = 3.15, P = 0.0001), and mortality (OR = 1.92, P = 0.21). Additionally, compared to mild PD, severe PD was significantly associated with higher risks of severe COVID-19 outcomes: severe symptoms (P = 0.02); ICU admission (P = 0.0001); and higher mortality rates (P = 0.0001). The results also revealed 58% higher risk for COVID-19 infection in patients with PD (P = 0.00001).

CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest a possible association between poor periodontal health and the risk of poor COVID-19 outcomes. However, owing to the observed methodological heterogeneity across the included studies, further prospective cohort studies with standardized methodologies are warranted to further unravel the potential association between periodontal disease and COVID-19 and its adverse outcomes.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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