Affiliations 

  • 1 Biological Control Research Unit, Center for Natural Science and Environmental Research, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
  • 2 Centre for Cocoa Biotechnology Research, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
  • 3 Intertryp, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, IRD, Montpellier, France
  • 4 Lembaga Koko Malaysia, Bagan Datuk, Perak, Malaysia
  • 5 Plant Protection Research Institute, Duc Thang, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 6 Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, Indonesia
  • 7 Mars Cocoa Research Centre, Mars Wrigley, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
  • 8 Mars Wrigley, Centre for Tropical Environmental & Sustainability Science, James Cook University Nguma-bada Campus, Smithfield, Australia
  • 9 Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
PLoS One, 2024;19(4):e0297662.
PMID: 38603675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297662

Abstract

The cocoa pod borer (CPB) Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) is one of the major constraints for cocoa production in South East Asia. In addition to cultural and chemical control methods, autocidal control tactics such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) could be an efficient addition to the currently control strategy, however SIT implementation will depend on the population genetics of the targeted pest. The aim of the present work was to search for suitable microsatellite loci in the genome of CPB that is partially sequenced. Twelve microsatellites were initially selected and used to analyze moths collected from Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. A quality control verification process was carried out and seven microsatellites found to be suitable and efficient to distinguish differences between CPB populations from different locations. The selected microsatellites were also tested against a closely related species, i.e. the lychee fruit borer Conopomorpha sinensis (LFB) from Vietnam and eight loci were found to be suitable. The availability of these novel microsatellite loci will provide useful tools for the analysis of the population genetics and gene flow of these pests, to select suitable CPB strains to implement the SIT.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.