Definition, diagnosis and classification of infection-related movement disorders: Consensus proposal

Desai S 1 , Ibrahim NM 2 , Garg D 3 , Yadav R 4 , Iacono D 5 , Ugawa Y 6 Show all authors , Lk P 7 , Sankhla C 8 , Cardoso F 9 , Schneider SA 10 , Pal PK 11

Affiliations 

  • 1 Dept of Neurology, Shree Krishna Hospital Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Gujarat, India. Electronic address: drsoahamdesai@yahoo.com
  • 2 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia. Electronic address: norlinah@ppukm.ukm.edu.my
  • 3 Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India. Electronic address: divyanig@gmail.com
  • 4 Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India. Electronic address: docravi@gmail.com
  • 5 Departments of Neurology, Pathology, Neuroscience Program, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, MD, USA; DoD/USU Brain Tissue Repository and Neuropathology Program, Henry Jackson Foundation (HJF), Inc. Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: diego.iacono.ctr@usuhs.edu
  • 6 Department of Human Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medical University, Japan. Electronic address: ugawatky2@gmail.com
  • 7 Centre for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Miller's Road, Bangalore, India. Electronic address: drprashanth.lk@gmail.com
  • 8 PD Hinduja National Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India. Electronic address: charusankhla@gmail.com
  • 9 Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, The Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Brazil. Electronic address: fecardosoc@gmail.com
  • 10 Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Susanne.Schneider@med.uni-muenchen.de
  • 11 Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India. Electronic address: palpramod@hotmail.com
Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2024 Jul;124:106988.
PMID: 38705765 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106988

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Infection-related movement disorders (IRMD) present a complex diagnostic challenge due to the broad phenotypic spectrum, the variety of possible infectious aetiologies, and the complicated underlying mechanisms. Yet, a comprehensive framework for classifying IRMD is lacking.

METHODS: An international consensus panel under the directives of the Movement Disorders Society Infection-Related Movement Disorders Study Group developed a comprehensive definition and a consensus classification system. Case scenarios were used for validation.

RESULTS: A definition for IRMD and a two-axis-based classification system consisting of six descriptors are proposed, intended as tools for researchers and clinicians. Collected information on clinical characteristics, investigational findings, the infectious organism and presumed pathogenesis facilitate the evaluation of diagnostic certainty.

CONCLUSION: The proposed framework will serve for optimised diagnostic algorithms, systematic aggregation of informative datasets across studies, and ultimately improved care and outcome of patients with IRMDs.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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