Affiliations 

  • 1 Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
  • 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
  • 3 Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
  • 4 Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
  • 5 School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
  • 6 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
J Food Drug Anal, 2024 Sep 13;32(3):348-357.
PMID: 39636777 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3517

Abstract

Overuse of levofloxacin (LEV) is often associated with bacterial resistance and serious health problems, underscoring the need for reliable sensing and monitoring of LEV molecules. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate LEV using boron-doped diamond (BDD) and boron-doped diamond modified with MXene (Ti3C2TX) (BDD-MXene) electrode. The successful deposition of MXene on the BDD surface was confirmed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) methods were also applied to evaluate the electrochemical behavior. The results showed that both electrodes had a linear response in the range of 30-100 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 1.0 × 10-6 M and 3.37 × 10-6 M for bare-BDD, while on BDD-MXene, the values were 3.90 × 10-7 M and 1.30 × 10-6 M, respectively. Furthermore, both electrodes showed good responses on selectivity tests with glucose and another fluoroquinolone antibiotic such as ciprofloxacin. The results also indicated good precision with %RSD less than 5%. In real sample applications using wastewater, bare-BDD and BDD-MXene produced excellent %recovery of 92.96% and 101.29%, respectively.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.