Correlation between blood parameters in the early and later stages of pregnancy: A retrospective study

Ibrahim N 1 , Alziyadi SH 2 , Yaacob NM 3 , AlGhamdi A 4 , Alanazi M 5 , Alfaifi J 6 Show all authors , Umah JBJ 7 , Doheir M 8 , Hamid OA 9 , Alazzam M 10

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine. Electronic address: drnisreen81@ppu.edu
  • 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: shatha.h@tu.edu.sa
  • 3 Center for Software Technology and Management (SOFTAM), Faculty of Information Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: noorayisah@ukm.edu.my
  • 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: aaghamdi@iau.edu.sa
  • 5 Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: menazi@ut.edu.sa
  • 6 Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: jalfaifi@ub.edu.sa
  • 7 Department of Nursing Administration & Education, College of Nursing King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: jjumah@ksu.edu.sa
  • 8 Faculty of Technology Management & Technopreneurship, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia. Electronic address: doheir@utem.edu.my
  • 9 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: omaimah.hamed@nbu.edu.sa
  • 10 Faculty of Information Technology, Software Engineering Department, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan. Electronic address: Malikbader2@gmail.com
Transfus Apher Sci, 2025 Feb 04;64(2):104084.
PMID: 39938453 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2025.104084

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Anemia is common in pregnant women and is associated with various maternal and fetal complications. However, the effect of fluctuations in hemoglobin levels during pregnancy on birth outcomes remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the association between maternal hemoglobin levels at different stages of pregnancy and delivery outcomes.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 215 women who gave birth between 2018 and 2023. Hemoglobin levels were measured at three time points during pregnancy: first trimester (approximately 12 weeks), second trimester (13-27 weeks), and third trimester (28-36 weeks). The primary outcomes were the associations between hemoglobin levels and birth weight, birth weight Z-score, placental ratio, and placental weight. Statistical analyses were conducted to control for maternal and fetal factors and to determine the correlations between hemoglobin levels and delivery outcomes.

RESULTS: Hemoglobin levels in the first trimester were the best predictors of anemia in the third trimester (area under the curve (AUC), 0.63; sensitivity, 65 %; specificity, 65 %). Hemoglobin levels were inversely associated with birth weight, birth weight Z-score, placental ratio, and placental weight. The overall accuracy of predicting iron-deficiency anemia was high (sensitivity, 71 %; specificity, 76 %; AUC, 0.76). Significant associations were observed at p 

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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