Liver antifibrosis mechanisms of oligomeric grape seed proanthocyanidins 40%: role of collagen and MMP-1 modulation

Bile duct ligation (BDL) induces liver fibrosis, representing a significant clinical challenge. Oligomeric grape seed proanthocyanidins (O-GSPE) 40% have demonstrated potential therapeutic benefits in various inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of O-GSPE 40% in a rat model of BDL, focusing on the role of collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). Eighteen male Wistar rats were subjected to BDL, divided into three groups of 6. Group I: negative control (sham surgery), Group II: positive control (surgery with BDL), and Group III: BDL+ treated with O-GSPE 40% for 21 days. The liver was removed and stained with Masson-Trichrome and antibodies against collagen and MMP-1. Collagen density and the expression of collagen and MMP-1 were observed using a light microscope. Histopathological findings demonstrate that BDL significantly increased collagen density and the expression of collagen and MMP-1 in the liver, consistent with the development of fibrosis. Treatment with O-GSPE at 40% reduced collagen density and the expression of collagen and MMP-1 in the liver, although the differences were not statistically significant, indicating a protective effect against liver fibrosis. O-GSPE 40% demonstrates hepatoprotective effects in BDL-induced liver injury. These beneficial effects are associated with the role of collagen and MMP-1. These findings suggest that O-GSPE 40% may represent a promising therapeutic agent for managing liver fibrosis.