PD-L1 targeting in triple negative breast cancer: in silico and in vitro validation of wasp venom peptide MP-1

Sakhawat A 1 , Khan MU 2 , Khan S 3 , Ahmed N 4 , Alhegaili AS 5 , Alotaibi BS 6

Affiliations 

  • 1 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 2 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. Muhammad.umer4@mlt.uol.edu.pk
  • 3 Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana, BBN Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
  • 4 Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 5 Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
  • 6 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Med Oncol, 2025 Nov 24;43(1):14.
PMID: 41284169 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-025-03133-1

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive cancer with high metastatic potential and limited treatment options. The current study investigated the anticancer activity of the Polybia-derived MP-1 peptide, formulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, for inhibiting PD-L1 and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated signalling in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Computational screening of molecules identified MP-1 as a stable high-affinity binder of PD-L1 possessing high anticancer prediction scores. The MP-1-PLGA nanoparticles that were optimized showed the spherical structures with a size of 104.4 nm as well as a PDI of 0.231. Moreover, their encapsulation efficiency was 71.5%. The formulation showed a controlled release with 41.65% over 72 h (p 

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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