Ovarian cancer accounts for approximately 4% of all cancers occurring in women and ranks the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related death in women. Despite aggressive treatment modalities, the 5-year survival rate remains less than 30%. Almost 2.5% of all live births/year result from Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART). Concern has been expressed that exposure to fertility drugs (FD) might be associated with a risk of ovarian tumours. Given the grave prognosis of ovarian cancer and the increasing use of ART for the past several years, this has been a subject of much scientific debate. The likely magnitude of risk may be 2-3 times that of the general population, which is at most 4-5% in a woman's lifetime. Several case control and cohort epidemiological studies have attempted to address this issue but failed to specifically look at drug treatment as risk factor and research to date demonstrates conflicting results.