Affiliations 

  • 1 Universiti Putra Malaysia
MyJurnal

Abstract

Shotcrete is a process where concrete is projected or “shot” under pressure, using a feeder or a
“gun” onto a surface to form structural shapes including walls, floors, and roofs. The surface can
be wood, steel, polystyrene, or any other surfaces that concrete can be projected onto. The surface
can be trowel led smooth while the concrete is still wet. Shotcrete has high strength, durability, low
permeability, excellent bond, and limitless shape possibilities. These properties allow shotcrete
to be used as a structural material in most cases. Although the hardened properties of shotcrete
are similar to conventional cast-in-place concrete, the nature of the placement process provides
additional benefits, such as excellent bond with most substrates and instant or rapid capabilities,
particularly on complex forms or shapes. In addition to building homes, shotcrete can also be used
to build pools. The practice of underground tunneling shows that the degree of stability of tunnels
is dependent on the state of the soil, rock mass, and shotcrete around the tunnel contour. The
development in the urban or suburban areas leads to the construction of tunnels in all kinds of soil
and rock. Meanwhile, the construction of tunnels in shallow depth or soft soils causes the ground
to displace. The determination of soil and rock mechanical properties to assess the stability of New
Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) tunnels and design the support system is one of the most
important steps in tunnelling. This paper provides information pertaining to the safety and increase
the stability of NATM tunnel before, during and after the operation of the tunnel. Therefore, the
shotcrete process is a recognized method for cemented sandy silt stabilization, with the aid of high
pressure shot concrete to increase the stability of tunnels.