Antibacterial activity of Citrus hystrix toward Salmonella spp. infection

Ulhaq ZS 1 , Hendyatama TH 2 , Hameed F 3 , Santosaningsih D 4

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim Islamic State University of Malang, Batu, East Java, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Electronic address: zulhaq@kedokteran.uin-malang.ac.id
  • 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
  • 3 Batu Rakit Health Clinic, Trengganu, Malaysia; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
  • 4 Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 2020 07 04;39(6):283-286.
PMID: 32636040 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.05.016

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Citrus hystrix is widely used by Indonesians as a traditional medicine for gastrointestinal diseases, including Salmonella spp. infection. We investigated the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic peel extract of C. hystrix against Salmonella typhimurium.

METHODS: The antibacterial activity was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was determined at a concentration of 0.625% by agar dilution assay. Later, the in vivo antibacterial activity was examined by the administration of 16mg of the extract daily for three consecutive days in a mouse model infected with S. typhimurium.

RESULTS: The bacterial loads of S. typhimurium in the ileum, liver, and spleen decreased after 24h of administration of the extract (p=0.00008, p=0.00084, and p=0.00003, respectively).

CONCLUSION: The ethanolic peel extract of C. hystrix shows antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium, indicating the potential of C. hystrix as an effective treatment for Salmonella spp. infection.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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