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A novel nano therapeutic using convalescent plasma derived exosomal (CPExo) for COVID-19: A combined hyperactive immune modulation and diagnostics

Anand K 1 , Vadivalagan C 2 , Joseph JS 3 , Singh SK 4 , Gulati M 4 , Shahbaaz M 5 Show all authors , Abdellattif MH 6 , Prasher P 7 , Gupta G 8 , Chellappan DK 9 , Dua K 10

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Electronic address: organicanand@gmail.com
  • 2 Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. Electronic address: marinedrug.9@gmail.com
  • 3 Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOH), A Division of National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
  • 4 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
  • 5 South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa; Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, South Ural State University, 76 Lenin Prospekt, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russia
  • 6 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
  • 7 Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India
  • 8 School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura Mahal Road, 302017, Jaipur, India
  • 9 School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 10 Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
Chem Biol Interact, 2021 Aug 01;344:109497.
PMID: 33991505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109497

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles like exosomes are important therapeutic tactics for treating COVID -19. By utilizing convalescent plasma derived exosomes (CPExo) from COVID-19 recovered persistence could accelerate the treatment strategies in the current state of affairs. Adequate literature has shown that administering the exosome to the in vivo system could be beneficial and could target the pathogens in an effective and precise manner. In this hypothesis we highlight the CPExo instead of convalescent plasma (CP), perhaps to dispense of exosomes are gratified and it's more effectively acquired immune response conferral through antibodies. COVID-19 convalescent plasma has billions of exosomes and it has aptitudes to carry molecular constituents like proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA, etc. Moreover, exosomes are capable of recognizing antigens with adequate sensitivity and specificity. Many of these derivatives could trigger an immune modulation into the cells and act as an epigenetic inheritor response to target pathogens through RNAs. COIVID-19 resistance activated plasma-derived exosomes are either responsible for the effects of plasma beyond the contained immune antibodies or could be inhibitory. The proposed hypothesis suggests that preselecting the plasma-derived antibodies and RNAs merged exosomes would be an optimized therapeutic tactic for COVID-19 patients. We suggest that, the CPExo has a multi-potential effect for treatment efficacy by acting as immunotherapeutic, drug carrier, and diagnostic target with noncoding genetic materials as a biomarker.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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