Production and characterization of bamboo-based activated carbon through single-step H3PO4 activation for CO2 capture

Bamboo is the fastest-growing plant and is abundant in Malaysia. It is employed as a starting material for activated carbon production and evaluated for its potential in CO2 capture. A single-stage phosphoric acid (H3PO4) activation is adopted by varying the concentrations of H3PO4 between 50 and 70 wt.% at a constant temperature and holding time of 500°C and 120 min, respectively. The bamboo-based activated carbons are characterized in terms of product yield, surface area, and porosity, as well as surface chemistry properties. Referring to the experimental findings, the prepared activated carbons have BET surface area of >1000 m2 g-1, which implies the effectiveness of the single-stage H3PO4 activation. Furthermore, the prepared activated carbon via 50 wt.% H3PO4 activation shows the highest BET surface area and carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption capacity of 1.45 mmol g-1 at 25°C/1 bar and 9.0 mmol g-1 at 25°C/30 bar. With respect to both the characterization analysis and CO2 adsorption performance, it is concluded that bamboo waste conversion to activated carbon through H3PO4 activation method is indeed promising.