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Acute abdomen in the immunocompromised patient: WSES, SIS-E, WSIS, AAST, and GAIS guidelines

Coccolini F 1 , Improta M 2 , Sartelli M 3 , Rasa K 4 , Sawyer R 5 , Coimbra R 6 Show all authors , Chiarugi M 7 , Litvin A 8 , Hardcastle T 9 , Forfori F 10 , Vincent JL 11 , Hecker A 12 , Ten Broek R 13 , Bonavina L 14 , Chirica M 15 , Boggi U 16 , Pikoulis E 17 , Di Saverio S 18 , Montravers P 19 , Augustin G 20 , Tartaglia D 7 , Cicuttin E 7 , Cremonini C 7 , Viaggi B 21 , De Simone B 22 , Malbrain M 23 , Shelat VG 24 , Fugazzola P 25 , Ansaloni L 25 , Isik A 26 , Rubio I 27 , Kamal I 28 , Corradi F 10 , Tarasconi A 29 , Gitto S 30 , Podda M 31 , Pikoulis A 32 , Leppaniemi A 33 , Ceresoli M 34 , Romeo O 35 , Moore EE 36 , Demetrashvili Z 37 , Biffl WL 38 , Wani I 39 , Tolonen M 33 , Duane T 40 , Dhingra S 41 , DeAngelis N 42 , Tan E 43 , Abu-Zidan F 44 , Ordonez C 45 , Cui Y 46 , Labricciosa F 47 , Perrone G 29 , Di Marzo F 48 , Peitzman A 49 , Sakakushev B 50 , Sugrue M 51 , Boermeester M 52 , Nunez RM 53 , Gomes CA 54 , Bala M 55 , Kluger Y 56 , Catena F 29

Affiliations 

  • 1 General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy. federico.coccolini@gmail.com
  • 2 Emergency Department, Pavia University Hospital, Pavia, Italy
  • 3 General and Emergency Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
  • 4 Department of Surgery, Anadolu Medical Center, Kocaali, Turkey
  • 5 General Surgery Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
  • 6 Department of General Surgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
  • 7 General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
  • 8 Department of Surgical Disciplines, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
  • 9 Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Mayville, South Africa
  • 10 Intensive Care Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
  • 11 Departement of Intensive Care, Erasme Univ Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
  • 12 Departementof General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
  • 13 General Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  • 14 General Surgery, San Donato Hospital, Milano, Italy
  • 15 General Surgery, CHUGA-CHU Grenoble Alpes UGA-Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
  • 16 General Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
  • 17 3rd Department of Surgery, Attiko Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  • 18 General Surgery, Varese University Hospital, Varese, Italy
  • 19 Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Bichat Claude Bernard, Paris, France
  • 20 Department of Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Centre and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
  • 21 ICU Department, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
  • 22 Department of Digestive, Metabolic and Emergency Minimally Invasive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy/Saint Germain en Laye, Saint Germain en Laye, France
  • 23 Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
  • 24 General and Emergency Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 25 General and Emergency Surgery, Pavia University Hospital, Pavia, Italy
  • 26 General Surgery, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
  • 27 Department of General Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
  • 28 General Surgery, VA Boston Health Care System, Boston University, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
  • 29 General Surgery, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
  • 30 Gastroenterology and Transplant Unit, Firenze University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
  • 31 General and Emergency Surgery, Cagliari University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
  • 32 Medical Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  • 33 Abdominal Center, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  • 34 General Surgery, Monza University Hospital, Monza, Italy
  • 35 Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
  • 36 Trauma Surgery, Denver Health, Denver, CL, USA
  • 37 General Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • 38 Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, USA
  • 39 General Surgery, Government Gousia Hospital, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
  • 40 Envision Healthcare, Dallas, TX, USA
  • 41 National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur (NIPER-H), Vaishali, Bihar, India
  • 42 General Surgery Department, Henry Mondor University Hospital, Paris, France
  • 43 Emergency Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  • 44 General Surgery, UAE University Hospital, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  • 45 Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
  • 46 Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
  • 47 Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
  • 48 General Surgery, Valtiberina Hospital, Sansepolcro, Italy
  • 49 General Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
  • 50 First Clinic of General Surgery, University Hospital St George Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  • 51 General Surgery, Letterkenny Hospital, Letterkenny, Ireland
  • 52 Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 53 Clinical Research Center, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
  • 54 Department of Surgery, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora, Hospital Universitário Terezinha de Jesus, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
  • 55 General Surgery, Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
  • 56 General Sugery, Ramabam Medical Centre, Tel Aviv, Israel
World J Emerg Surg, 2021 08 09;16(1):40.
PMID: 34372902 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-021-00380-1

Abstract

Immunocompromised patients are a heterogeneous and diffuse category frequently presenting to the emergency department with acute surgical diseases. Diagnosis and treatment in immunocompromised patients are often complex and must be multidisciplinary. Misdiagnosis of an acute surgical disease may be followed by increased morbidity and mortality. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of surgical disease occur; these patients may seek medical assistance late because their symptoms are often ambiguous. Also, they develop unique surgical problems that do not affect the general population. Management of this population must be multidisciplinary.This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), Surgical Infection Society Europe (SIS-E), World Surgical Infection Society (WSIS), American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST), and Global Alliance for Infection in Surgery (GAIS) joined guidelines about the management of acute abdomen in immunocompromised patients.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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