Current solid waste management strategies and energy recovery in developing countries - State of art review

Khan AH 1 , López-Maldonado EA 2 , Khan NA 3 , Villarreal-Gómez LJ 4 , Munshi FM 5 , Alsabhan AH 5 Show all authors , Perveen K 6

Affiliations 

  • 1 Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 706, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia. Electronic address: amuafzal@gmail.com
  • 2 Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Autonomous University of Baja California, CP, 22390, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
  • 3 Civil Engineering Department, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: Nadeem.khan@mecw.ac.in
  • 4 Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Autonomous University of Baja California, CP, 22390, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias de La Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd Universitario 1000, Unidad Valle de Las Palmas, 22260, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
  • 5 Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
  • 6 Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
Chemosphere, 2022 Mar;291(Pt 3):133088.
PMID: 34856242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133088

Abstract

Solid waste generation has rapidly increased due to the worldwide population, urbanization, and industrialization. Solid waste management (SWM) is a significant challenge for a society that arises local issues with global consequences. Thus, solid waste management strategies to recycle waste products are promising practices that positively impact sustainable goals. Several developed countries possess excellent solid waste management strategies to recycle waste products. Developing countries face many challenges, such as municipal solid waste (MSW) sorting and handling due to high population density and economic instability. This mismanagement could further expedite harmful environmental and socioeconomic concerns. This review discusses the current solid waste management and energy recovery production in developing countries; with statistics, this review provides a comprehensive revision on energy recovery technologies such as the thermochemical and biochemical conversion of waste with economic considerations. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges of SWM in developing countries, including several immediate actions and future policy recommendations for improving the current status of SWM via harnessing technology. This review has the potential of helping municipalities, government authorities, researchers, and stakeholders working on MSW management to make effective decisions for improved SWM for achieving sustainable development.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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