Green synthesized nano-cellulose polyethylene imine-based biological membrane

Waheed H 1 , Farrukh S 2 , Hussain A 3 , Mukhtar A 4 , Mubashir M 5 , Saqib S 6 Show all authors , Ullah S 7 , Peter AP 8 , Khoo KS 9 , Show PL 10

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Wah Engineering College, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
  • 2 School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: sarah.farrukh@scme.nust.edu.pk
  • 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, IAST, KPK, Pakistan
  • 4 School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 5 Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 6 Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
  • 7 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
  • 8 Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
  • 9 Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: kuanshiong.khoo@hotmail.com
  • 10 Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Electronic address: PauLoke.Show@nottingham.edu.my
Food Chem Toxicol, 2022 Feb;160:112773.
PMID: 34953965 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112773

Abstract

In hemodialysis process, membrane serves as a barrier between blood and the dialysate. The barrier when contacted by blood accompanied activation of coagulation, immunity, and cellular passageways. In the recent years, hemodialysis membrane's biocompatibility has become a issue which leads to reduce the performance during the separation process. In previous work, we developed and evaluated a cellulose-based membrane blended with polyaziridine or polyetyleneimine in formic acid for hydrophilicity, pure water flux, surface morphology, and permeation efficiency. Biocompatibility was accessed, by conducting cellular viability and cellular attachments tests. In this study, the membrane compared to a non-treated control, and cell viability revealed active and growing cell cultures after 14 days. During the cellular attachment experiment, cell cultures attached to the fabricated membrane simulated the formation of cell junctions, proving that the membrane is non-toxic and biocompatible. CA + PEI + FA membrane tested with a blood mimic fluid having density identical to renal patient's blood. The BSA concentration in the feed solution was the same as that in the blood of the renal patient. The results revealed that the CA + PEI + FA membrane was able to reject 99% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 69.6% urea. Therefore, from biocompatibility and blood mimic fluid testing, it is confirmed that the CA + PEI + FA membrane is the finest implant for dialysis applications.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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