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  1. Fulltext The epidemiology of shoulder dislocations in Malaysia
    Yeap JS, Lee DJK, Fazir M, Borhan TAM, Kareem BA
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59 Suppl F:19-23.
    PMID: 15941156 MyJurnal
    The case notes of 102 patients (117 shoulder dislocations) were reviewed retrospectively to improve the understanding of the epidemiology of this common injury. Eighty-one dislocations were primary and 36 dislocations were second or recurrent dislocations. The age distribution was characterized by a peak in male patients aged between 21-30 years. The mean age for males was 30.5 years and 47.7 years for females. The male:female ratio in first time dislocations was 5:2, while it was 5:1 in recurrent dislocations. Ninety-eight percent were anterior dislocations and 2% were posterior dislocations. Greater tuberosity fractures were found in 17 patients and almost half of these patients were aged between 41-50 years. The most common cause of first time dislocation was a direct blow or fall onto the shoulder, accounting for 42 patients (55%). The majority of these patients were aged 40 years and above. Next common cause was motor vehicle accident which occurred mostly in the younger age group. Dislocations due to sporting injuries accounted for only 5.3% of all first time dislocations. Nearly 97% were successfully reduced without a general anaesthesia. Seventy-seven percent of the patients had their shoulders immobilized after reduction, mostly with body strapping only. Fifteen patients (14.7%) were referred for physiotherapy for stiffness. Few operations were performed for recurrent dislocations but surgery does not appear to be well accepted as yet by our patients.
  2. Fulltext Nerve injuries in anterior shoulder dislocations
    Yeap JS, Lee DJK, Fazir M, Kareem BA, Yeap JK
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Oct;59(4):450-4.
    PMID: 15779576
    A retrospective study was conducted to determine the incidence of nerve injuries in anterior dislocations of the shoulder and to determine if a neurological examination is routinely performed in such cases. One hundred and fifteen shoulder dislocations in 100 patients (74 males, 26 females; mean age 35+/-18 years) were reviewed. Eighty-seven patients were examined for neurological injuries prior to reduction and 8 of these patients (9.2%) were found to have sustained neurological injuries. Following reduction, neurological examination was performed in 85 patients. Three patients who were not examined initially prior to reduction were subsequently found to have nerve injuries after reduction. Seven patients (7%) were not examined for neurological injury both before and after reduction of the dislocation. Eleven patients were found to have sustained nerve injuries in the final analysis. Axillary nerve injuries were the most common, occurring in 8 patients. In conclusion, nerve injuries are common in shoulder dislocations. The importance of performing and documenting the findings of neurological examination anterior shoulder dislocations needs to be reiterated.
  3. The opposing roles of NOTCH signalling in head and neck cancer: a mini review
    Yap LF, Lee D, Khairuddin A, Pairan MF, Puspita B, Siar CH, et al.
    Oral Dis, 2015 Oct;21(7):850-7.
    PMID: 25580884 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12309
    NOTCH signalling can exert oncogenic or tumour suppressive effects in both solid and haematological malignancies. Similar to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL), early studies suggested a pro-tumorigenic role of NOTCH in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), mainly based on the increased expression levels of the genes within the pathway. Recently, data from exome sequencing analyses unexpectedly pointed to a tumour suppressor role for NOTCH in HNSCC by identifying loss-of-function mutations in the NOTCH1 gene in a significant proportion of patients. These data have questioned the accepted role of NOTCH in HNSCC and the possible rationale of targeting NOTCH in this disease. This review summarises the current information on NOTCH signalling in HNSCC and discusses how this pathway can apparently exert opposing effects within the same disease.
  4. Fulltext Report of the Malaysian Registry of Renal Biopsy (MRRB)
    Yahya R, Bavanandan S, Yap YC, Jazilah W, Shaariah W, Wong HS, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Sep;63 Suppl C:18-9.
    PMID: 19230242
  5. Development of a chitosan/nanosilica biocomposite with arene functionalization via hydrothermal synthesis for acid red 88 dye removal
    Wu R, Abdulhameed AS, Jawad AH, Yong SK, Li H, ALOthman ZA, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Dec 01;252:126342.
    PMID: 37591432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126342
    Herein, the polymer nanomatrix of chitosan/SiO2 (CHI/n-SiO2) was enriched with a π-π electron donor-acceptor system using diaromatic rings of benzil (BEZ) assisted via a hydrothermal process to obtain an effective adsorbent of chitosan-benzil/SiO2 (CHI-BEZ/n-SiO2). The polymer nanomatrix (CHI/n-SiO2) and the resulting adsorbent (CHI-BEZ/n-SiO2) were applied to remove the anionic acid red 88 (AR88) dye from aqueous media in a comparative mode. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was adopted to optimize AR88 adsorption onto CHI/n-SiO2 and CHI-BEZ/n-SiO2 with respect to variables that influence AR88 adsorption (adsorbent dose: 0.02-0.1 g/100 mL; pH: 4-10; and time: 10-90). The adsorption studies at equilibrium were conducted with a variety of initial AR88 dye concentrations (20-200 mg/L). The adsorption isotherm results reveal that the AR88 adsorption by CHI/n-SiO2 and CHI-BEZ/n-SiO2 are described by the Langmuir model. The kinetic adsorption profiles of AR88 with CHI/n-SiO2 and CHI-BEZ/n-SiO2 reveal that the pseudo-first-order model provides the best fit results. Interestingly, CHI-BEZ/n-SiO2 has a high adsorption capacity (261.2 mg/g), which exceeds the adsorption capacity of CHI/n-SiO2 (215.1 mg/g) that relates to the surface effects of SiO2 and the functionalization of chitosan with BEZ. These findings show that CHI-BEZ/n-SiO2 represents a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of harmful pollutants from water, which outperforming the CHI/n-SiO2 system.
  6. Functionalization of chitosan biopolymer with SiO2 nanoparticles and benzaldehyde via hydrothermal process for acid red 88 dye adsorption: Box-Behnken design optimization
    Wu R, Abdulhameed AS, Yong SK, Li H, ALOthman ZA, Wilson LD, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Aug 30;247:125806.
    PMID: 37453635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125806
    An effective hydrothermally prepared chitosan-benzaldehyde/SiO2 adsorbent (CTA-BZA/SiO2) employed functionalization of a CTA biopolymer with SiO2 nanoparticles and BZA. CTA-BZA/SiO2 is an adsorbent that was utilized for the adsorption of an acidic dye (acid red 88, AR88) from synthetic wastewater. The fundamental adsorption variables (A: CTA-BZA/SiO2 dosage (0.02-0.1 g); B: pH (4-10); and C: duration (10-60)) were optimized via the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms (coefficients of determination R2 = 0.99) agreed well with empirical data of AR88 adsorption by CTA-BZA/SiO2. The pseudo-first-order model showed reasonable agreement with the kinetic data of AR88 adsorption by CTA-BZA/SiO2. The maximal AR88 adsorption capacity (qmax) for CTA-BZA/SiO2 was identified to be 252.4 mg/g. The electrostatic attractions between both the positively charged CTA-BZA/SiO2 adsorbent and the AR88 anions, plus the n-π, π-π, and H-bond interactions contribute to the favourable adsorption process. This study reveals that CTA-BZA/SiO2 has the capacity to be a suitable adsorbent for the removal of a wider range of organic dyes from industrial effluents.
  7. Low Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS) rates in public hospitals in Malaysia: The effect of stage and ethnicity
    Wong WJ, Mosiun JA, Hidayati Z, Balkis R, Sharif SZ, Lee D, et al.
    Breast, 2019 Aug;46:136-143.
    PMID: 31176055 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2019.05.016
    INTRODUCTION: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with radiation therapy is the procedure of choice for early-stage breast cancer. Survival and locoregional recurrence is non-inferior to mastectomy, with superior cosmetic and psycho-social outcomes. Differing health systems have demonstrated a wide variation in the rate of BCS. Little is known about the rate of BCS and factors influencing its practice in middle resource countries. This study aims to examine the BCS rates in Malaysia and to identify factors influencing its uptake.

    METHODOLOGY: This is a multi-centre, cross-sectional study involving the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Queen Elizabeth II Hospital (QEH), and Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital (TARH). Patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from January 2014 to December 2015 were included, excluding stromal cancers and lymphomas. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified factors influencing BCS.

    RESULTS: A total of 1005 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer in the allocated time frame. Excluding incomplete records and those who did not have surgery, 730 patients were analysed. Overall BCS rate was 32.9%. The BCS rate was highest at QEH (54.1%), followed by UMMC (29.5%), and TARH (17.4%). 16.9% had BCS after neoadjuvant therapy. Factors influencing BCS uptake included age, ethnic group, breast-surgeon led services, AJCC Stage, tumour size, HER-2 expression, and tumour grade.

    CONCLUSIONS: The rate of BCS in Malaysia is low. A wide variation of rate exists among the studied hospitals. Younger age, earlier AJCC stage, and the presence of a Breast sub-specialist surgeon, would make it more likely that the patient has her breast conserved.

  8. Fulltext Brief acute psychosis following hysterectomy in ethnopsychiatric context
    Tsoh JM, Leung HC, Ungvari GS, Lee DT
    Singapore Med J, 2000 Jul;41(7):359-62.
    PMID: 11026805
    The psychiatric morbidity following hysterectomy has received increasing attention. One of the sequelae of hysterectomy has been a brief, acute psychosis with excellent outcome, the etiology and pathomechanism of which is still unclear. Two Chinese patients born of Southeast Asian origin who manifested brief, acute psychosis following hysterectomy are presented. Therapy comprised drug treatment with low dose antipsychotics and benzodiazepines coupled with hypnosis and marital therapy to explore and treat the underlying pathology. Both psychotic states resolved. Follow-up at 12 months revealed stable mental condition in one subject; however, the second patient was lost to follow up. The impact of the womb's removal is explored in the context of the ethnicity of the patients and their sociocultural background.
  9. Fulltext Oxygen tension modulates the effects of TNFα in compressed chondrocytes
    Tilwani RK, Vessillier S, Pingguan-Murphy B, Lee DA, Bader DL, Chowdhury TT
    Inflamm Res, 2017 Jan;66(1):49-58.
    PMID: 27658702 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0991-5
    OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Oxygen tension and biomechanical signals are factors that regulate inflammatory mechanisms in chondrocytes. We examined whether low oxygen tension influenced the cells response to TNFα and dynamic compression.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chondrocyte/agarose constructs were treated with varying concentrations of TNFα (0.1-100 ng/ml) and cultured at 5 and 21 % oxygen tension for 48 h. In separate experiments, constructs were subjected to dynamic compression (15 %) and treated with TNFα (10 ng/ml) and/or L-NIO (1 mM) at 5 and 21 % oxygen tension using an ex vivo bioreactor for 48 h. Markers for catabolic activity (NO, PGE2) and tissue remodelling (GAG, MMPs) were quantified by biochemical assay. ADAMTS-5 and MMP-13 expression were examined by real-time qPCR. 2-way ANOVA and a post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t test were used to analyse data.

    RESULTS: TNFα dose-dependently increased NO, PGE2 and MMP activity (all p 

  10. Fulltext Evaluation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and risk-prediction models in a typical Asian country (Malaysia) with a relatively low incidence of breast cancer
    Thirthagiri E, Lee SY, Kang P, Lee DS, Toh GT, Selamat S, et al.
    Breast Cancer Res, 2008;10(4):R59.
    PMID: 18627636 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2118
    The cost of genetic testing and the limited knowledge about the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in different ethnic groups has limited its availability in medium- and low-resource countries, including Malaysia. In addition, the applicability of many risk-assessment tools, such as the Manchester Scoring System and BOADICEA (Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm) which were developed based on mutation rates observed primarily in Caucasian populations using data from multiplex families, and in populations where the rate of breast cancer is higher, has not been widely tested in Asia or in Asians living elsewhere. Here, we report the results of genetic testing for mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes in a series of families with breast cancer in the multi-ethnic population (Malay, Chinese and Indian) of Malaysia.
  11. Leptospira kmetyi sp. nov., isolated from an environmental source in Malaysia
    Slack AT, Khairani-Bejo S, Symonds ML, Dohnt MF, Galloway RL, Steigerwalt AG, et al.
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2009 Apr;59(Pt 4):705-8.
    PMID: 19329592 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.002766-0
    A single Leptospira strain (designated Bejo-Iso9(T)) was isolated from a soil sample taken in Johor, Malaysia. The isolate showed motility and morphology typical of the genus Leptospira under dark-field microscopy. Cells were found to be 10-13 microm in length and 0.2 microm in diameter, with a wavelength of 0.5 microm and an amplitude of approximately 0.2 microm. Phenotypically, strain Bejo-Iso9(T) grew in Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris medium at 13, 30 and 37 degrees C, and also in the presence of 8-azaguanine. Serologically, strain Bejo-Iso9(T) produced titres towards several members of the Tarassovi serogroup, but was found to be serologically unique by cross-agglutinin absorption test and thus represented a novel serovar. The proposed name for this serovar is Malaysia. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this novel strain within the radiation of the genus Leptospira, with sequence similarities within the range 90.4-99.5% with respect to recognized Leptospira species. DNA-DNA hybridization against the three most closely related Leptospira species was used to confirm the results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The G+C content of the genome of strain Bejo-Iso9(T) was 36.2 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, serological and phylogenetic data, strain Bejo-Iso9(T) represents a novel species of the genus Leptospira, for which the name Leptospira kmetyi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Bejo-Iso9(T) (=WHO LT1101(T)=KIT Bejo-Iso9(T)).
  12. Fulltext Insight into the photodegradation mechanism of bisphenol-A by oxygen doped mesoporous carbon nitride under visible light irradiation and DFT calculations
    Shittu FB, Iqbal A, Ahmad MN, Yusop MR, Ibrahim MNM, Sabar S, et al.
    RSC Adv, 2022 Mar 31;12(17):10409-10423.
    PMID: 35424996 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00995a
    Oxygen doped mesoporous carbon nitride (O-MCN) was successfully synthesized through one-step thermal polymerization of urea and glucose utilizing nanodisc silica (NDS) from rice husk ash as a hard template. The CO2 gas, NH3 and water vapor produced during the thermal process reshaped the morphology and textural properties of the of O-MCN compared to pristine mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN). Highest bisphenol A (BPA) removal achieved under visible light irradiation was 97%, with 60% mineralization ([BPA] = 10 mg L-1: catalyst dosage = 40 mg L-1; pH = 10; 180 min). In addition to mesoporosity, the sub-gap impurity states created from the oxygen doping reduced recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. Holes (h+) and superoxide (O2˙-) were identified as the predominant active species responsible for the photodegradation process. The photodegradation route was proposed based on the intermediates detected by LC-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS). The Density of States (DOS) showed that oxygen doping resulted in a higher photoactivity due to the stronger localization and delocalization of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The adsorption pathway of the BPA on the O-MCN and MCN was successfully predicted using the DFT calculations, namely molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), global and local descriptors.
  13. Fulltext Synthesis and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Activity of 2-[3-(Benzoyl/4-bromobenzoyl)-4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxido-2H-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl]-N-arylacetamides: An In Silico and Biochemical Approach
    Saddique FA, Aslam S, Ahmad M, Ashfaq UA, Muddassar M, Sultan S, et al.
    Molecules, 2021 May 20;26(10).
    PMID: 34065194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103043
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder and has affected a large number of people worldwide. Insufficient insulin production causes an increase in blood glucose level that results in DM. To lower the blood glucose level, various drugs are employed that block the activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme, which is considered responsible for the breakdown of polysaccharides into monosaccharides leading to an increase in the intestinal blood glucose level. We have synthesized novel 2-(3-(benzoyl/4-bromobenzoyl)-4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxido-2H-benzo[e][1,2]thiazin-2-yl)-N-arylacetamides and have screened them for their in silico and in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition activity. The derivatives 11c, 12a, 12d, 12e, and 12g emerged as potent inhibitors of the α-glucosidase enzyme. These compounds exhibited good docking scores and excellent binding interactions with the selected residues (Asp203, Asp542, Asp327, His600, Arg526) during in silico screening. Similarly, these compounds also showed good in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitions with IC50 values of 30.65, 18.25, 20.76, 35.14, and 24.24 μM, respectively, which were better than the standard drug, acarbose (IC50 = 58.8 μM). Furthermore, a good agreement was observed between in silico and in vitro modes of study.
  14. Box-Behnken design with desirability function for methylene blue dye adsorption by microporous activated carbon from pomegranate peel using microwave assisted K2CO3 activation
    Reghioua A, Jawad AH, Selvasembian R, ALOthman ZA, Wilson LD
    Int J Phytoremediation, 2023;25(14):1988-2000.
    PMID: 37291893 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2216304
    This research aims to convert pomegranate peel (PP) into microporous activated carbon (PPAC) using a microwave assisted K2CO3 activation method. The optimum activation conditions were carried out with a 1:2 PP/K2CO3 impregnation ratio, radiation power 800 W, and 15 min irradiation time. The statistical Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed as an effective tool for optimizing the factors that influence the adsorption performance and removal of methylene blue (MB) dye. The output data of BBD with a desirability function indicate a 94.8% removal of 100 mg/L MB at the following experimental conditions: PPAC dose of 0.08 g, solution pH of 7.45, process temperature of 32.1 °C, and a time of 30 min. The pseudo-second order (PSO) kinetic model accounted for the contact time for the adsorption of MB. At equilibrium conditions, the Freundlich adsorption isotherm describes the adsorption results, where the maximum adsorption capacity of PPAC for MB dye was 291.5 mg g-1. This study supports the utilization of biomass waste from pomegranate peels and conversion into renewable and sustainable adsorbent materials. As well, this work contributes to the management of waste biomass and water pollutant sequestration.
  15. Production of activated carbon from food wastes (chicken bones and rice waste) by microwave assisted ZnCl2 activation: an optimized process for crystal violet dye removal
    Mohd Radhuwan SN, Abdulhameed AS, Jawad AH, ALOthman ZA, Wilson LD, Algburi S
    Int J Phytoremediation, 2024;26(5):699-709.
    PMID: 37740478 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2260004
    A major worldwide challenge that presents significant economic, environmental, and social concerns is the rising generation of food waste. The current work used chicken bones (CB) and rice (R) food waste as alternate precursors for the production of activated carbon (CBRAC) by microwave radiation-assisted ZnCl2 activation. The adsorption characteristics of CBRAC were investigated in depth by removing an organic dye (crystal violet, CV) from an aquatic environment. To establish ideal conditions from the significant adsorption factors (A: CBRAC dosage (0.02-0.12 g/100 mL); B: pH (4-10); and C: duration (30-420), a numerical desirability function of Box-Behnken design (BBD) was utilized. The highest CV decolorization by CBRAC was reported to be 90.06% when the following conditions were met: dose = 0.118 g/100 mL, pH = 9.0, and time = 408 min. Adsorption kinetics revealed that the pseudo-first order (PFO) model best matches the data, whereas the Langmuir model was characterized by equilibrium adsorption, where the adsorption capacity of CBRAC for CV dye was calculated to be 57.9 mg/g. CV adsorption is accomplished by several processes, including electrostatic forces, pore diffusion, π-π stacking, and H-bonding. This study demonstrates the use of CB and R as biomass precursors for the efficient creation of CBRAC and their use in wastewater treatment, resulting in a greener environment.
  16. Cyclodextrin based polymer sorbents for micro-solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in determination of endogenous steroids
    Manaf NA, Saad B, Mohamed MH, Wilson LD, Latiff AA
    J Chromatogr A, 2018 Mar 30;1543:23-33.
    PMID: 29478831 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.032
    Sorbents were prepared by cross-linking β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) using two different types of cross-linker units at variable reactant mole ratios. The resulting polymers containing β-CD were evaluated as sorbents in micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) format for the extraction of the endogenous steroids testosterone (T), epitestosterone (E), androsterone (A), etiocholanolone (Etio), 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (5αAdiol) and 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol (5βAdiol). The best sorbent (C1; cyclodextrin polymer) showed superior extraction characteristics compared with commercial sorbents (C18 and Bond Elut Plexa). Parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of the C1 sorbent such as extraction and desorption times, desorption solvent and volume of sample were investigated. The extracts were separated using a Hypersil Gold column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) under gradient elution coupled to a LC-MS/MS. The compounds were successfully separated within 8 min. The method offers good repeatability (RSD  0.995) were within the range of 1-200 ng mL-1 for T and E, 250-4000 ng mL-1 for A and Etio and 25-500 ng mL-1 for 5αAdiol and 5βAdiol, respectively. The method was applied for the determination of steroid profile of urine from volunteers.
  17. Fulltext A report of the Malaysian dialysis registry of the National Renal Registry, Malaysia
    Lim YN, Lim TO, Lee DG, Wong HS, Ong LM, Shaariah W, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Sep;63 Suppl C:5-8.
    PMID: 19230240
    The Malaysian National Renal Registry was set up in 1992 to collect data for patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT). We present here the report of the Malaysian dialysis registry. The objectives of this papar are: (1) To examine the overall provision of dialysis treatment in Malaysia and its trend from 1980 to 2006. (2) To assess the treatment rate according to the states in the country. (3) To describe the method, location and funding of dialysis. (4) To characterise the patients accepted for dialysis treatment. (5) To analyze the outcomes of the dialysis treatment. Data on patients receiving dialysis treatment were collected at initiation of dialysis, at the time of any significant outcome, as well as yearly. The number of dialysis patients increased from 59 in 1980 to almost 15,000 in 2006. The dialysis acceptance rate increased from 3 per million population in 1980 to 116 per million population in 2006, and the prevalence rate from 4 to 550 per million population over the same period. The economically advantaged states of Malaysia had much higher dialysis treatment rates compared to the less economically advanced states. Eighty to 90% of new dialysis patients were accepted into centre haemodialysis (HD), and the rest into the chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) programme. The government provided about half of the funding for dialysis treatment. Patients older than 55 years accounted for the largest proportion of new patients on dialysis since the 1990s. Diabetes mellitus has been the main cause of ESRD and accounted for more than 50% of new ESRD since 2002. Annual death rate averaged about 10% on HD and 15% on CAPD. The unadjusted 5-year patient survival on both HD and CAPD was about 80%. Fifty percent of dialysis patients reported very good median QoL index score. About 70% of dialysis patients were about to work full or part time. There has been a very rapid growth of dialysis provision in Malaysia particularly in the older age groups. ESRD caused by diabetes mellitus, despite being a preventable and treatable cause of ESRD--has increased and accounted for more than 50% of incident dialysis patients. Death and survival rates on dialysis are comparable to those from other countries.
  18. Fulltext Dialysis provision in Malaysia
    Lim TO, Lee DG, Zaki M
    Med J Malaysia, 2000 Jun;55(2):188-95.
    PMID: 19839147
    We determined the provision for dialysis treatment in Malaysia. There were 181 dialysis centres as at 1st June 1999 (161 Haemodialysis (HD) and 20 Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) centres), providing treatment for 5614 patients. This is equivalent to an estimated prevalence rate of 253 patients per million population (pmp) and new dialysis acceptance rate of 49 patients pmp. Dialysis facilities were widely distributed throughout the country though rather unevenly among states. Penang, Selangor/KL, Malacca led with number of dialysis patients pmp ranging from 417 to 480. Kelantan and Sabah had the lowest provision with 51 and 64 patients pmp respectively. There were more centres and HD capacity in the private sector while the Non-Government Organisation and public sectors had about the same capacity. However the public sector had more patients on account of availability of CAPD and home HD services, as well as low HD capacity to patient ratio. The number ofcentres, HD capacity and patients have increased rapidly especially since 1991; the estimated growth rates were 16.5 centres/year, 658 capacity/year, and 392 patients/year respectively. There was also a trend toward increasing over-capacity in the private and NGO sectors. In conclusion, the level of dialysis provision is increasing, indicating increasing accessibility of dialysis treatment in Malaysia. Over-capacity is a concern in the private and NGO sectors. Thus funding agencies should be encouraged to source provision from those sectors. The public sector still has the crucial role of providing for under-served areas in the country.
  19. Fulltext Gene3D: Extensive prediction of globular domains in proteins
    Lewis TE, Sillitoe I, Dawson N, Lam SD, Clarke T, Lee D, et al.
    Nucleic Acids Res, 2018 01 04;46(D1):D1282.
    PMID: 29194501 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1187
  20. Fulltext Gene3D: Extensive prediction of globular domains in proteins
    Lewis TE, Sillitoe I, Dawson N, Lam SD, Clarke T, Lee D, et al.
    Nucleic Acids Res, 2018 01 04;46(D1):D435-D439.
    PMID: 29112716 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1069
    Gene3D (http://gene3d.biochem.ucl.ac.uk) is a database of globular domain annotations for millions of available protein sequences. Gene3D has previously featured in the Database issue of NAR and here we report a significant update to the Gene3D database. The current release, Gene3D v16, has significantly expanded its domain coverage over the previous version and now contains over 95 million domain assignments. We also report a new method for dealing with complex domain architectures that exist in Gene3D, arising from discontinuous domains. Amongst other updates, we have added visualization tools for exploring domain annotations in the context of other sequence features and in gene families. We also provide web-pages to visualize other domain families that co-occur with a given query domain family.
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