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Bilateral pedal gangrene of unknown aetiology

SAID M

Med J Malaya, 1954 Mar;8(3):263-6.
PMID: 13164697
Kwashiorkor in Negri Sembilan

SAID M

Med J Malaya, 1955 Sep;10(1):20-47.
PMID: 13287494
Fulltext Perforated peptic ulcers in West Malaysia--a series of 73 cases treated by simple closure in a general hospital between 1972 and 1974

Said MY

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Sep;37(3):261-4.
PMID: 7177009

In a 3 year period 73 cases of perforated peptic ulcers were treated by simple closure. The overall mortality of 3.77 percent is acceptable when compared with other reports. There was a marked male preponderance (11 males: female 1). Biopsy results confirmed the operatiue findings that perforations were seven times more common in gastric peptic ulcers than duodenal ones. The disease affected young adults, the middle aged and elderly, the peak incidence occurring between the fifth and seventh decades oflife. Simple closure was an effective surgical procedure for our group of patients.
Rubber cast of stomach produced by latex ingestion

Yusof Said M, Goh Tin Kay

Med J Malaysia, 1973 Sep;28(1):52-4.
PMID: 4273787
Fulltext Analyzing factors that influence public sector procurement reverse auction system: a review

Zulkifli, M. S., Said, M. F., Chong, C. W.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2016;2(1):20-25.
MyJurnal

This study was performed to review the conceptualization and relationships among user
behaviour, system quality and intention to use eBidding, an eGovernment auction system with user
satisfaction as the moderator. From the theoretical framework, user behaviour and system quality
factors have significant relationships with the adoption of information system (IS). Empirical evidence
also shows that satisfaction has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between system
quality factors with the adoption of IS. Given the significant impact of behavioural factors of officials
in eBidding adoption and role satisfaction on the intention and use of eGovernment system, system
managers could introduce key changes in the workplace to increase satisfaction to address the problems
of low eBidding adoption among users.
Congenital atresia and stenosis of the duodenum--a case report

Lal M, Said MY

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):283-6.
PMID: 4278623
Fulltext Effective Dose Estimation of Patients Administered with 18F-FDG and Ga-68 DOTATATE in PET/CT Examination Associated with Gender and Weight

Kamal, I., Said, M. A., Bathumalai, J., Abdul Razak, H. R., Abdul Karim, M. K.

Physics and Technology in Medicine, 2020;1(1):15-21.
MyJurnal

The whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (18F-FDG) and gallium-68 (Ga-68 DOTATATE) are the most common radiopharmaceutical use in PET/CT imaging for cancer staging. Although radiopharmaceutical for PET/CT examination has been acknowledged for its safety and efficacy, the internal dosimetry and effective dose (ED) from the examinations are rarely discussed. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate radiation ED for whole-body radiopharmaceuticals PET/CT concerning patients’ gender and their weight. A total of 82 oncology patients (44 males and 38 females) were collected retrospectively from Institut Kanser Negara, Putrajaya. Data, such as 18F-FDG and Ga-68 DOTATATE activity and patient demography (weight, height, age), were recorded and analyzed. Effective doses from both internal and external exposure were calculated using the coefficient
provided by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) report. The total ED of 18F-FDG for male patients was 20.2 ± 8.6 mSv and for female patients were 19.0 ± 8.2 mSv while total whole-body ED for Ga-68 DOTATATE for male patients was 18.5 ± 7.0 mSv and 17.0 ± 5.6 mSv for female patients. The ratio for ED between male and female were 1:1 for both examinations ranged from 12.0 – 23 mSv. From this study, it indicated that the ED of Ga-68 DOTATATE was far lower when compared to the ED of 18F-FDG by a factor of 0.7. Therefore, it is crucial to optimize the PET/CT protocol dose in order to uphold the dose as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
Haemorrhagic transformation: A serious complication of massive ischemic stroke

Mohd Said MR, Mohd Firdaus MAB

Med J Malaysia, 2021 03;76(2):258-260.
PMID: 33742641

Acute ischaemic stroke is a debilitating disease and may lead to haemorrhagic transformation associated with few factors such as high National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), low Modified Rankin Score (MRS), cardio-embolic clot and others.1 We report herein a 61 years old man whom presented with left sided weakness and diagnosed with acute right middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Thrombolytic therapy was not offered due to low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT (ASPECT) score and hence managed conservatively. However, within 24 hours, his Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) reduced by 4 points and urgent Computed Tomography (CT) brain confirmed haemorrhagic transformation with midline shift. He underwent emergency surgical decompression and subsequently had prolonged hospital stay complicated by ventilated acquired pneumonia. He recovered after a course of antibiotic and discharged to a nursing home with MRS of 5.
Fulltext Co-morbid hypertension, diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia among patients prescribed with second generation antipsychotic: a comparison study between aripiprazole, quetiapine and clozapine based on pharmacy prescription database

Ng CG, Chan PL, Said MA

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2015;24(2):0-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Second generation antipsychotic (SGA) was linked to increased risk of metabolic syndrome. The risk varies between different SGA. We aim to study this risk by examining the co-prescription of antihypertensive, antidiabetic and lipid lowering drugs in patients prescribed with either aripiprazole, quetiapine or clozapine.
Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study based on the prescription records of a teaching hospital. Prescription records between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014 for
psychiatric unit were extracted. Patients with at least one prescription of any antipsychotic were included. The odds of antihypertensive, antidiabetic and lipid lowering drugs co-prescription in patients with either aripiprazole, quetiapine or clozapine were calculated.
Results: Of the 1742 study subjects, 88 patients were prescribed with aripiprazole, 175 patients with clozapine and 124 patients with quetiapine. Patients prescribed with quetiapine had
higher odds of co-prescribed with antihypertensive (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.63), antidiabetic drugs (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.95) and lipid lowering drugs (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.19, 3.16). There were higher odds of co-prescription of antihypertensive (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.05, 2.25), antidiabetic drugs (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.10, 2.59) and lipid lowering drugs
(OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.24, 2.91) in patients with clozapine. However, there were no increase odds of co-prescription of the three agents in patients with aripiprazole.
Conclusion: We need to monitor the risk of metabolic syndrome in patients treated with SGA. Aripiprazole has lower risk of metabolic syndrome.
Burden and nutritional deficiencies in opiate addiction- systematic review article

Nabipour S, Ayu Said M, Hussain Habil M

Iran J Public Health, 2014 Aug;43(8):1022-32.
PMID: 25927032

Addiction to the illicit and prescribed use of opiate is an alarming public health issue. Studies on addictive disorders have demonstrated severe nutritional deficiencies in opiate abusers with behavioral, physiological and cognitive symptoms. Opiate addiction is also link with a significant number of diseases including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and other blood borne diseases generally stem from the use of needles to inject heroin. The use of medication assisted treatment for opioid addicts in combination with behavioural therapies has been considered as a highly effective treatment. Methadone is a long-lasting μ-opioid agonist and a pharmacological tool which attenuates withdrawal symptoms effectively replacement therapies. This review article aims to explain opiate addiction mechanisms, epidemiology and disease burden with emphasis on dietary and nutritional status of opiate dependent patients in methadone maintenance therapy.
Salmonella related mycotic aneurysm with psoas and paraortic abscess treated conservatively

Abu Bakar A, Ngiu CS, Mohamad Said MS, Periyasamy P

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2011 Oct;40(10):467-8.
PMID: 22206056
Fulltext Nocardiosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with rituximab and a summary of reported cases

Ngiu CS, Said MS, Periyasamy P, Low SF

BMJ Case Rep, 2010;2010.
PMID: 22778377 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.11.2009.2421

Rituximab is a B-cell-depleting monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody. It is widely used in haematology and rheumatology. However, usage of rituximab in immunosupressed patient has been associated with various opportunistic infections. The authors reported a case of refractory rheumatoid arthritis treated with rituximab, which later presented with non-resolving pneumonia with pulmonary nodule. Percutaneous computer tomogram guided lung biopsy was arranged to confirm the suspicion of tuberculosis, but did not yield conclusive results. Later, she presented left-chest abscess and underwent incision and drainage. The pus culture and sensitivity confirmed pulmonary nocardiosis with chest wall dissemination. She was treated with 2-week course of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and responded. The authors also reviewed published cases of nocardiosis post-rituximab.
Predictors of thickened carotid intima media thickness among well controlled lupus nephritis patients in a Malaysian tertiary centre

Shaharir SS, Mohamed Said MS, Kong NC

Reumatismo, 2012;64(6):341-9.
PMID: 23285477 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2012.341

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of thickened carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and its associated risk factors in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) who were in remission.
METHODS: This was a cross sectional study in which consecutive LN patients who were in remission and attending our Nephrology/SLE Clinic were included. Their demographic profile, traditional cardiovascular risk factors and treatment medications were evaluated by clinical interview and review of medical records. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) was measured using B Mode carotid ultrasonography. CIMT was considered to be abnormally thickened if it exceeded the 75th percentile matched for age-and sex-matched normal controls. The associated factors for thickened CIMT were examined.
RESULTS: A total of 39 patients with a mean remission duration of 29 ± 24.3 months and on a mean prednisolone dose of 9.10 ± 7.83 mg daily completed the study. Six patients (15.4%) had thickened CIMT. On univariate analysis, male gender, patient age, older age at diagnosis, higher serum CRP levels, greater proteinuria and higher mean cumulative azathioprine dose were associated with thickened CIMT (P<0.05). Lower mean cumulative doses of cyclosporine A (CyA) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) (P<0.05) each were associated with thickened CIMT. Using regression analysis, the associated factors of CIMT were older age at diagnosis and proteinuria.
CONCLUSIONS: Lupus factors particularly age at diagnosis and proteinuria were the associated factors of thickened CIMT. Larger prospective trials are indicated to confirm our findings.
Activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and erythrocyte glutathione dependent enzymes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and normal controls

Ngah WZ, Shamaan NA, Said MH, Azhar MT

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 1993;250(5):304-7.
PMID: 8105826

Plasma gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were determined in normal and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. No difference in enzyme activities was observed in the three major races of the Malaysian population, i.e. Malay, Chinese and Indian patients. However, plasma gamma-GT, erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase (GST) and GPx activities were significantly increased in all NPC patients, while GR activity remained unchanged. Patients with elevated plasma gamma-GT activities also had increased GST and GPx activities. Plasma gamma-GT and GPx activities were then found to be affected by treatment. Patients with plasma gamma-GT activity greater than 70 IU/l had very poor prognoses but patients with decreased gamma-GT activities were found to be in remission.
Effects of buffer properties on cyclodextrin glucanotransferase reactions and cyclodextrin production from raw sago (Cycas revoluta) starch

Kamaruddin K, Illias RM, Aziz SA, Said M, Hassan O

Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2005 Apr;41(Pt 2):117-25.
PMID: 15202937

Results from the present study have shown that the ionic species of buffers, pH values and reaction temperature can affect the enzyme unit activities and product specificity of Toruzyme (Novo Nordisk A/S Bagsvaerd, Denmark) CGTase (cyclodextrin glucanotransferase). Applying a similar reaction environment (acetate buffer, pH 6.0; temperature, 60 degrees C), the CGTase was found to be capable of producing pre dominantly beta-cyclodextrin from either raw or gelatinized sago (Cycas revoluta) starch. Changing the buffer from acetate to phosphate reduced the yield of beta-cyclodextrin from 2.48 to 1.42 mg/ml and also affected the product specificity, where production of both alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins were more pronounced. The decrease in the production of cyclodextrins in phosphate buffer was significant at both pH 6.0 and 7.0. However, changing the buffer to Tris/HCl (pH 7.0) showed a significant increase in beta-cyclodextrin production. Increasing the ionic strength of sodium acetate and Tris/HCl buffers at pH 6.0 and 7.0 to equivalent ionic strength of phosphate buffers showed no significant effects on cyclodextrin production. Higher yield of cyclodextrins at pH 7.0 when Tris/HCl was used might be due to the binding of chloride ions at the calcium-binding sites of the CGTase, resulting in the shift of the optimum pH close to physiological environment, leading to an increase in the activities and specificity.
Can hyperchaotic maps with high complexity produce multistability?

Natiq H, Banerjee S, Ariffin MRK, Said MRM

Chaos, 2019 Jan;29(1):011103.
PMID: 30709147 DOI: 10.1063/1.5079886

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behavior in an M-dimensional nonlinear hyperchaotic model (M-NHM), where the occurrence of multistability can be observed. Four types of coexisting attractors including single limit cycle, cluster of limit cycles, single hyperchaotic attractor, and cluster of hyperchaotic attractors can be found, which are unusual behaviors in discrete chaotic systems. Furthermore, the coexistence of asymmetric and symmetric properties can be distinguished for a given set of parameters. In the endeavor of chaotification, this work introduces a simple controller on the M-NHM, which can add one more loop in each iteration, to overcome the chaos degradation in the multistability regions.
Optimization of protease extraction from horse mango (Mangifera foetida Lour) kernels by a response surface methodology

Ahmad MN, Liew SL, Yarmo MA, Said M

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2012;76(8):1438-44.
PMID: 22878182

Protease is one of the most important industrial enzymes with a multitude of applications in both food and non-food sectors. Although most commercial proteases are microbial proteases, the potential of non-conventional protease sources, especially plants, should not be overlooked. In this study, horse mango (Mangifera foetida Lour) fruit, known to produce latex with a blistering effect upon contact with human skin, was chosen as a source of protease, and the effect of the extraction process on its protease activity evaluated. The crude enzyme was extracted from the kernels and extraction was optimized by a response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The variables studied were pH (x(1)), CaCl(2) (x(2)), Triton X-100 (x(3)), and 1,4-dithryeitol (x(4)). The results obtained indicate that the quadratic model is significant for all the variables tested. Based on the RSM model generated, optimal extraction conditions were obtained at pH 6.0, 8.16 mM CaCl(2), 5.0% Triton X-100, and 10.0 mM DTT, and the estimated response was 95.5% (w/w). Verification test results showed that the difference between the calculated and the experimental protease activity value was only 2%. Based on the t-value, the effects of the variables arranged in ascending order of strength were CaCl(2) < pH < DTT < Triton X-100.
Optimization of scanning time of 18F-FDG whole body PET/CT imaging in obese patients using quadratic dose protocol

Musarudin M, Badrul Fikli NH, Zulkaffli NF, Rashid Jusoh A, Said MA

Med J Malaysia, 2021 09;76(5):637-642.
PMID: 34508368

INTRODUCTION: 18F-FDG imaging of overweight and obese patients is often challenging due to higher scattering and attenuation. Degradation of positron emission tomography (PET) image quality as the body weight increases is best overcome by using the quadratic dose protocol. Previously the implementation of this protocol on a Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) scintillation crystal-based PET/CT system at Institut Kanser Negara (IKN), Malaysia practices using the linear dose protocol (Tmin=2.5 minutes). Hence, this study aims to optimize the Tmin of the quadratic dose protocol for 18F-FDG PET/CT.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted based on the guideline published by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) version 2.0 FDG-PET/CT and conducted in two phases. Firstly, 100 whole-body scan 18FFDG PET/CT images were selected for the average coefficient of variation (COV) analysis in the liver region. Second, a NEMA 2012/IEC2008 phantom was used to obtain the relationship between the COVphantom and the scanning time. Finally, the images acquired using the two Tmin were quantitatively compared using contrast recovery coefficient (QH), signal to noise ratio (SNR), and visibility (VH). Independent t-test between each image quality parameter performed with p-value <0.05 considered significant.
RESULTS: The average COV of the liver was 17.7%. Currently, this value was clinically accepted to produce appropriate image quality at IKN. Interpolation at COV=17.7% gave a Tmin value of 2.9 minutes. Comparisons show that the two Tmin yielded equivalent PET/CT image quality (p-value of QH=0.774, SNR=0.780 and VH=0.915).
CONCLUSION: The optimal Tmin defined in this study was 2.9 minutes, 27.6% shorter than the Tmin previously defined based on COV=15%. Despite the higher average COV, the shorter Tmin beneficial in the lower total 18F-FDG activity administered, reduce the internal dose to the patient while producing equivalent image quality.
Evidence of natural infections with Trypanosoma, Anaplasma and Babesia spp. in military livestock from Tunisia

Selmi R, Dhibi M, Ben Said M, Ben Yahia H, Abdelaali H, Ameur H, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2019 Sep 01;36(3):742-757.
PMID: 33597496

Livestock constitute habitual hosts and carriers for several infectious pathogens which may represent a serious public health concern affecting the readiness of military forces and lead to wide economic losses. The present report aimed to investigate the prevalence of some haemopathogens infecting military livestock, particularly, dromedaries, sheep and horses using Giemsa-stained blood smears. A total of 300 animals (100 from each species) were selected, clinically examined and sampled. Trypanosoma spp. (22.0%), Anaplasma spp. (17.0%) and Babesia spp. (1.0%) were identified in camels' blood. Six dromedaries were found to be co-infected by Trypanosoma and Anaplasma organisms (6.0%). Camels of female gender, infested by ticks and showing clinical signs were statistically more infected by Trypanosoma spp., compared to those of male gender, free of ticks and apparently healthy (P= 0.027, 0.000 and 0.004, respectively). Babesia spp. infection (1.0%) was identified, for the first time in Tunisia, in one adult female camel that presented abortion and anemia. Anaplasma spp. was the only haemopathogen identified in examined sheep (6.0%) and horses (17.0%). Horses infested by Hippobosca equina flies and sheep infested by Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks were more infected by Anaplasma spp. than other non-infested animals (P=0.046 and 0.042, respectively). Hyalomma dromedarii, H. impeltatum and H. excavatum were the most prevalent diagnosed ticks removed from camels with an intensity of infestation of 1.2 ticks per animal. However, in sheep, only R. turanicus was identified. H. equina and Tabanus spp. were the potential hematophagous flies found in dromedaries and horses herds. This useful data must be taken into consideration during animal treatment and vectors' control programs in Tunisian military farms which help to limit the diffusion of vector-borne diseases, keep our livestock healthy and reduce economic losses.
Knowledge, attitude and health seeking practice on bats-borne diseases among residents of Tioman Island, Malaysia

Mohamed NA, Said MH, Mohd Rani MD, Ramli S, Isahak I

Trop Biomed, 2019 Sep 01;36(3):709-717.
PMID: 33597493

Bats are slowly gaining recognition as a potential reservoir for viruses harmful to human (Smith and Wang, 2013). Bats are reservoir to viruses causing Ebola virus diseases (EBV) (Leroy et al., 2005), Nipah Encephalitis (NiV) (Chua et al., 2002), SARS(Li et al., 2005) and MERS-CoV (Yang et al., 2015) being the latest one making headlines. About 18 years ago, a major outbreak of Nipah virus encephalitis occurred in Peninsular Malaysia resulted in the deaths of 105 persons and the slaughter of approximately 1.1 million pigs. In 2006, a novel bat orthoreovirus was found to be associated with acute respiratory syndrome in Malaysia. Following that incidents, many studies have been done on bats, particularly to determine their species, behaviour, and antibody level and there were also studies in human on antibody prevalence to batsrelated viruses e.g. Nipah and Hendra and PRV. Humans may become infected with viruses from bats through intermediate host (swine, horse) or through aerosol or direct contact with bats. Communities living adjacent to bat roosts should aware of possible risk of infection transmission from bats. An earlier study in Guatemala demonstrated that risk of exposure to bats in communities near bats roosts was common, but recognition of the potential for disease transmission from bats was low (Moran et al., 2015). Surprisingly, there is no local published data on public awareness towards bats-related infection despite potential risk of getting the infection. This study aimed to determine knowledge and awareness on bat-related infections, attitudes towards bats and practices related to health-seeking behaviours following exposure to bats.

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