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Sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus cross-neutralizes dengue viruses

Zainal N, Tan KK, Johari J, Hussein H, Wan Musa WR, Hassan J, et al.

Microbiol. Immunol., 2018 Oct;62(10):659-672.
PMID: 30259549 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12652

Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease in Southeast Asia, where the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is approximately 30 to 53 per 100,000. Severe dengue, however, is rarely reported among individuals with SLE. Here, whether sera of patients with SLE cross-neutralize dengue virus (DENV) was investigated. Serum samples were obtained from individuals with SLE who were dengue IgG and IgM serology negative. Neutralization assays were performed against the three major DENV serotypes. Of the dengue serology negative sera of individuals with SLE, 60%, 61% and 52% of the sera at 1/320 dilution showed more than 50% inhibition against dengue type-1 virus (DENV-1), DENV-2 and DENV-3, respectively. The neutralizing capacity of the sera was significantly greater against DENV-1 (P

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology*
Structurally conserved binding sites of hemagglutinin as targets for influenza drug and vaccine development

Yusuf M, Konc J, Sy Bing C, Trykowska Konc J, Ahmad Khairudin NB, Janezic D, et al.

J Chem Inf Model, 2013 Sep 23;53(9):2423-36.
PMID: 23980878 DOI: 10.1021/ci400421e

ProBiS is a new method to identify the binding site of protein through local structural alignment against the nonredundant Protein Data Bank (PDB), which may result in unique findings compared to the energy-based, geometry-based, and sequence-based predictors. In this work, binding sites of Hemagglutinin (HA), which is an important target for drugs and vaccines in influenza treatment, have been revisited by ProBiS. For the first time, the identification of conserved binding sites by local structural alignment across all subtypes and strains of HA available in PDB is presented. ProBiS finds three distinctive conserved sites on HA's structure (named Site 1, Site 2, and Site 3). Compared to other predictors, ProBiS is the only one that accurately defines the receptor binding site (Site 1). Apart from that, Site 2, which is located slightly above the TBHQ binding site, is proposed as a potential novel conserved target for membrane fusion inhibitor. Lastly, Site 3, located around Helix A at the stem domain and recently targeted by cross-reactive antibodies, is predicted to be conserved in the latest H7N9 China 2013 strain as well. The further exploration of these three sites provides valuable insight in optimizing the influenza drug and vaccine development.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology
Fulltext Recombinant measles virus vaccine expressing the Nipah virus glycoprotein protects against lethal Nipah virus challenge

Yoneda M, Georges-Courbot MC, Ikeda F, Ishii M, Nagata N, Jacquot F, et al.

PLoS One, 2013;8(3):e58414.
PMID: 23516477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058414

Nipah virus (NiV) is a member of the genus Henipavirus, which emerged in Malaysia in 1998. In pigs, infection resulted in a predominantly non-lethal respiratory disease; however, infection in humans resulted in over 100 deaths. Nipah virus has continued to re-emerge in Bangladesh and India, and person-to-person transmission appeared in the outbreak. Although a number of NiV vaccine studies have been reported, there are currently no vaccines or treatments licensed for human use. In this study, we have developed a recombinant measles virus (rMV) vaccine expressing NiV envelope glycoproteins (rMV-HL-G and rMV-Ed-G). Vaccinated hamsters were completely protected against NiV challenge, while the mortality of unvaccinated control hamsters was 90%. We trialed our vaccine in a non-human primate model, African green monkeys. Upon intraperitoneal infection with NiV, monkeys showed several clinical signs of disease including severe depression, reduced ability to move and decreased food ingestion and died at 7 days post infection (dpi). Intranasal and oral inoculation induced similar clinical illness in monkeys, evident around 9 dpi, and resulted in a moribund stage around 14 dpi. Two monkeys immunized subcutaneously with rMV-Ed-G showed no clinical illness prior to euthanasia after challenge with NiV. Viral RNA was not detected in any organ samples collected from vaccinated monkeys, and no pathological changes were found upon histopathological examination. From our findings, we propose that rMV-NiV-G is an appropriate NiV vaccine candidate for use in humans.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology
Fulltext Dengue patients exhibit higher levels of PrM and E antibodies than their asymptomatic counterparts

Yeo AS, Rathakrishnan A, Wang SM, Ponnampalavanar S, Manikam R, Sathar J, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:420867.
PMID: 25815314 DOI: 10.1155/2015/420867

Dengue virus infection is a common tropical disease which often occurs without being detected. These asymptomatic cases provide information in relation to the manifestation of immunological aspects. In this study, we developed an ELISA method to compare neutralizing effects of dengue prM and E antibodies between dengue patients and their asymptomatic household members. Recombinant D2 premembrane (prM) was constructed, cloned, and tested for antigenicity. The recombinant protein was purified and tested with controls by using an indirect ELISA method. Positive dengue serum samples with their asymptomatic pair were then carried out onto the developed ELISA. In addition, commercially available recombinant envelope (E) protein was used to develop an ELISA which was tested with the same set of serum samples in the prM ELISA. Asymptomatic individuals showed preexisting heterotypic neutralizing antibodies. The recombinant prM was antigenically reactive in the developed ELISA. Dengue patients had higher prM and E antibodies compared to their household members. Our study highlights the neutralizing antibodies levels with respect to dengue prM and E between dengue patients and asymptomatic individuals.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology*
Molecular identification of the first local dengue fever outbreak in Shenzhen city, China: a potential imported vertical transmission from Southeast Asia?

Yang F, Guo GZ, Chen JQ, Ma HW, Liu T, Huang DN, et al.

Epidemiol Infect, 2014 Feb;142(2):225-33.
PMID: 23587429 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268813000897

A suspected dengue fever outbreak occurred in 2010 at a solitary construction site in Shenzhen city, China. To investigate this epidemic, we used serological, molecular biological, and bioinformatics techniques. Of nine serum samples from suspected patients, we detected seven positive for dengue virus (DENV) antibodies, eight for DENV-1 RNA, and three containing live viruses. The isolated virus, SZ1029 strain, was sequenced and confirmed as DENV-1, showing the highest E-gene homology to D1/Malaysia/36000/05 and SG(EHI)DED142808 strains recently reported in Southeast Asia. Further phylogenetic tree analysis confirmed their close relationship. At the epidemic site, we also detected 14 asymptomatic co-workers (out of 291) positive for DENV antibody, and DENV-1-positive mosquitoes. Thus, we concluded that DENV-1 caused the first local dengue fever outbreak in Shenzhen. Because no imported case was identified, the molecular fingerprints of the SZ1029 strain suggest this outbreak may be due to vertical transmission imported from Southeast Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology
In vitro and in vivo characterization of chimeric duck Tembusu virus based on Japanese encephalitis live vaccine strain SA14-14-2

Wang HJ, Liu L, Li XF, Ye Q, Deng YQ, Qin ED, et al.

J Gen Virol, 2016 07;97(7):1551-1556.
PMID: 27100268 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000486

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), a newly identified flavivirus, has rapidly spread to China, Malaysia and Thailand. The potential threats to public health have been well-highlighted; however its virulence and pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, by using reverse genetics, a recombinant chimeric DTMUV based on Japanese encephalitis live vaccine strain SA14-14-2 was obtained by substituting the corresponding prM and E genes (named ChinDTMUV). In vitro characterization demonstrated that ChinDTMUV replicated efficiently in mammalian cells with small-plaque phenotype in comparison with its parental viruses. Mouse tests showed ChinDTMUV exhibited avirulent phenotype in terms of neuroinvasiveness, while it retained neurovirulence from its parental virus DTMUV. Furthermore, immunization with ChinDTMUV was evidenced to elicit robust IgG and neutralizing antibody responses in mice. Overall, we successfully developed a viable chimeric DTMUV, and these results provide a useful platform for further investigation of the pathogenesis of DTMUV and development of a live attenuated DTMUV vaccine candidate.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology
Fulltext Aptamer-Antibody Complementation On Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Gold Transduced Dielectrode Surfaces To Detect Pandemic Swine Influenza Virus

Wang F, Gopinath SC, Lakshmipriya T

Int J Nanomedicine, 2019;14:8469-8481.
PMID: 31695375 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S219976

BACKGROUND: A pandemic influenza viral strain, influenza A/California/07/2009 (pdmH1N1), has been considered to be a potential issue that needs to be controlled to avoid the seasonal emergence of mutated strains.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, aptamer-antibody complementation was implemented on a multiwalled carbon nanotube-gold conjugated sensing surface with a dielectrode to detect pandemic pdmH1N1. Preliminary biomolecular and dielectrode surface analyses were performed by molecular and microscopic methods. A stable anti-pdmH1N1 aptamer sequence interacted with hemagglutinin (HA) and was compared with the antibody interaction. Both aptamer and antibody attachments on the surface as the basic molecule attained the saturation at nanomolar levels.
RESULTS: Aptamers were found to have higher affinity and electric response than antibodies against HA of pdmH1N1. Linear regression with aptamer-HA interaction displays sensitivity in the range of 10 fM, whereas antibody-HA interaction shows a 100-fold lower level (1 pM). When sandwich-based detection of aptamer-HA-antibody and antibody-HA-aptamer was performed, a higher response of current was observed in both cases. Moreover, the detection strategy with aptamer clearly discriminated the closely related HA of influenza B/Tokyo/53/99 and influenza A/Panama/2007/1999 (H3N2).
CONCLUSION: The high performance of the abovementioned detection methods was supported by the apparent specificity and reproducibility by the demonstrated sensing system.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology*
Isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes collected in Sabak Bernam, Selangor, Malaysia in 1992

Vythilingam I, Oda K, Chew TK, Mahadevan S, Vijayamalar B, Morita K, et al.

J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 1995 Mar;11(1):94-8.
PMID: 7616198

Detection and isolation of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus were attempted from female mosquitoes collected in Kampong Pasir Panjang, Sabak Bernam, Selangor, from May to November 1992. A total of 7,400 mosquitoes consisting of 12 species in 148 pools were processed and inoculated into Aedes albopictus clone C6/36 cell cultures. Of these, 26 pools showed the presence of viral antigens in the infected C6/36 cells by specific immunoperoxidase staining using an anti-JE virus polyclonal antibody. Presence of JE virus genome was confirmed in the infected culture fluid for 16 pools by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and JE virus-specific primers. Of these, 3 pools were from Culex tritaeniorhynchus, 4 from Culex vishnui, 3 from Culex bitaeniorhynchus, 2 from Culex sitiens, one from Aedes species, and 3 from Culex species. Isolation of JE virus from Cx. sitiens, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, and Aedes sp. (Aedes butleri and Ae. albopictus) is reported for the first time in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology
Improved sensitivity of detection by avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunocytochemistry in Epstein-Barr virus serology

Thoe SY, Sam CK, Cheng HM, Prasad U

J Med Virol, 1989 Dec;29(4):311-4.
PMID: 2559955

Serum antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-determined antigens have traditionally been titrated by the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) technique. The avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunocytochemical technique was used to determine the serum levels of IgA against EBV viral capsid antigen (IgA/VCA) and IgA against EBV early antigen (IgA/EA) in sera of 106 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients prior to treatment and 100 normal individuals. The sensitivity of the ABC technique is enhanced by an amplification of the antigen-antibody reaction, which involves the binding of the enzyme-linked ABC to the second biotinylated antibody. There was a good correlation (r = 0.9988) between ABC and IIF-determined IgA/VCA-positive titres, with the ABC technique being more sensitive than IIF in the detection of IgA/VCA in NPC sera: 94% (99/106) and 76% (80/106), respectively. The frequency of IgA/EA reactivity in NPC sera was also markedly increased by immunodetection with the ABC technique as compared with IIF technique: 63% (69/106) and 28% (30/106) respectively. Both the immunocytochemical techniques were equally specific in discriminating between elevated serum titres of IgA/VCA and IgA/EA in NPC sera from normal human sera.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology
A phage-displayed single chain variable fragment that interacts with hepatitis B core antigen: library construction, selection and diagnosis

Tan GH, Yusoff K, Seow HF, Tan WS

J Clin Virol, 2007 Jan;38(1):49-56.
PMID: 17074533

Phage display is an alternative method for constructing and selecting antibodies with desired specificity towards an antigen.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology*
[Epitope analysis of the hemagglutinin molecule of the Victoria lineage influenza B viruses]

Sorokin EV, Tsareva TR, Sominina AA, Pisareva MM, Komissarov AV, Kosheleva AA, et al.

Vopr. Virusol., 2014;59(6):27-31.
PMID: 25929033

A panel of five monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the HA1 molecule of the influenza B virus of the Victorian lineage with high virus-neutralizing activity was developed. For identification of the virus neutralizing epitopes in HA1 escape mutants (EM) of the influenza BIShandong/07/97 and B/Malaysia/2506/04 virus were selected using virus- neutralizing antibodies (MAbs). Three EMs had single, two--double and one--triple amino acid substitutions (AAS) in HA1 (H122N, A202E, K203T, K2031, K203N or A317V). In addition, AAS N197S was detected in three EMs. A correlation of AAS identified with peculiarities of interaction of EMs with Mabs was discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology*
Distinct prevalence of antibodies to the E2 protein of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus in different parts of the world

Ross RS, Viazov S, Schmitt U, Schmolke S, Tacke M, Ofenloch-Haehnle B, et al.

J Med Virol, 1998 Feb;54(2):103-6.
PMID: 9496367

Since the identification of the new human virus, GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G-virus (HGV), in 1995/1996, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction remained the sole available diagnostic tool for GBV-C/HGV infection. Recently, a serologic test based on the detection of antibodies to the putative envelope protein 2 (anti-E2) has been introduced. We used this assay for a seroepidemiological survey including 3,314 healthy individuals from different parts of the world, 123 patients from Germany who were suspected to have an increased risk of acquiring GBV-C/HGV infection, 128 multiple organ donors, and 90 GBV-C/HGV RNA positive persons. In European countries, anti-E2 seropositivity ranged from 10.9% (Germany) to 15.3% (Austria). In South Africa (20.3%) and Brazil (19.5%), even higher anti-E2 prevalence rates were recorded. In Asian countries like Bhutan (3.9%), Malaysia (6.3%), and the Philippines (2.7%), anti-E2 positivity was significantly lower. GBV-C/HGV anti-E2 prevalence in potential "risk groups," i.e., patients on hemodialysis and renal transplant recipients, did not vary significantly from anti-E2 seroprevalence in German blood donors. Anti-E2 and GBV-C/HGV RNA were found to be mutually exclusive, confirming the notion that anti-E2 has to be considered as a marker of past infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology
Fulltext Synthetic B-Cell Epitopes Eliciting Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies: Strategies for Future Dengue Vaccine

Ramanathan B, Poh CL, Kirk K, McBride WJ, Aaskov J, Grollo L

PLoS One, 2016;11(5):e0155900.
PMID: 27223692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155900

Dengue virus (DENV) is a major public health threat worldwide. A key element in protection from dengue fever is the neutralising antibody response. Anti-dengue IgG purified from DENV-2 infected human sera showed reactivity against several peptides when evaluated by ELISA and epitope extraction techniques. A multi-step computational approach predicted six antigenic regions within the E protein of DENV-2 that concur with the 6 epitopes identified by the combined ELISA and epitope extraction approach. The selected peptides representing B-cell epitopes were attached to a known dengue T-helper epitope and evaluated for their vaccine potency. Immunization of mice revealed two novel synthetic vaccine constructs that elicited good humoral immune responses and produced cross-reactive neutralising antibodies against DENV-1, 2 and 3. The findings indicate new directions for epitope mapping and contribute towards the future development of multi-epitope based synthetic peptide vaccine.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology*
Fulltext Risk Factors for Nipah virus infection among pteropid bats, Peninsular Malaysia

Rahman SA, Hassan L, Epstein JH, Mamat ZC, Yatim AM, Hassan SS, et al.

Emerg Infect Dis, 2013 Jan;19(1):51-60.
PMID: 23261015 DOI: 10.3201/eid1901.120221

We conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal studies to determine the distribution of and risk factors for seropositivity to Nipah virus (NiV) among Pteropus vampyrus and P. hypomelanus bats in Peninsular Malaysia. Neutralizing antibodies against NiV were detected at most locations surveyed. We observed a consistently higher NiV risk (odds ratio 3.9) and seroprevalence (32.8%) for P. vampyrus than P. hypomelanus (11.1%) bats. A 3-year longitudinal study of P. hypomelanus bats indicated nonseasonal temporal variation in seroprevalence, evidence for viral circulation within the study period, and an overall NiV seroprevalence of 9.8%. The seroprevalence fluctuated over the study duration between 1% and 20% and generally decreased during 2004-2006. Adult bats, particularly pregnant, with dependent pup and lactating bats, had a higher prevalence of NiV antibodies than juveniles. Antibodies in juveniles 6 months-2 years of age suggested viral circulation within the study period.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology
Chimeric Newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid with parts of viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion proteins

Rabu A, Tan WS, Kho CL, Omar AR, Yusoff K

Acta Virol., 2002;46(4):211-7.
PMID: 12693857

The nucleocapsid (NP) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) self-assembled in Escherichia coli as ring-like and herringbone-like particles. Several chimeric NP proteins were constructed in which the antigenic regions of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins of NDV, myc epitope, and six histidines (a hexa-His tag) were linked to the C-terminus of the NP monomer. These chimeric proteins were expressed efficiently in soluble form in E. coli as detected by Western blot analysis. Electron microscopy of the purified products revealed that they self-assembled into ring-like particles. These chimeric particles exhibited antigenicity of the myc epitope, suggesting that the foreign sequences were exposed on the surface of the particles. Chickens inoculated with the chimeric particles mounted an immune response against NDV, suggesting the possibility of use of the ring-like particle as a carrier of immunogens in subunit vaccines and immunological reagents.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology
Fulltext The importance of breastfeeding in rotaviral diarrhoeas

Prameela KK, Vijaya LR

Malays J Nutr, 2012 Apr;18(1):103-11.
PMID: 23713234 MyJurnal

Globally, rotaviral vaccines in use today have contributed to the reduction of the incidence of rotaviral diarrhoeas. Despite the substantial protection conferred by the current vaccines against the rotaviral strains, it is only prudent to recognise that other protective factors, like breastfeeding, also provide some degree of protection against this disease. This article has attempted to review some important mechanisms of protection in breast milk against the rotaviruses and highlight the oft forgotten non-immunoglobulin fraction in breast milk as an additional tool of protection against rotavirus disease. The adaptive capacity of breast milk to environment is another compelling reason to continue breastfeeding as it can usefully complement and be significant in the use of many vaccines. Vital immunoprotective constituents in breast milk beneficially protect the infant by initiating and strengthening many immune responses and should be borne in mind as essential tools of defence even in an era where vaccines play a pivotal role in the combat against certain diseases. It is impressive that besides nutritive advantages, the suckling infant enjoys appreciable immunoprotection via exclusive breastfeeding.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology
Infectious cDNA clone of attenuated Langat tick-borne flavivirus (strain E5) and a 3' deletion mutant constructed from it exhibit decreased neuroinvasiveness in immunodeficient mice

Pletnev AG

Virology, 2001 Apr 10;282(2):288-300.
PMID: 11289811

Forty-five years ago a naturally attenuated tick-borne flavivirus, Langat (LGT) strain TP21, was recovered from ticks in Malaysia. Subsequently, it was tested as a live attenuated vaccine for virulent tick-borne encephalitis viruses. In a large clinical trial its attenuation was confirmed but there was evidence of a low level of residual virulence. Thirty-five years ago further attenuation of LGT TP21 was achieved by multiple passages in eggs to yield mutant E5. To study the genetic determinants of the further attenuation exhibited by E5 and to allow us to manipulate the genome of this virus for the purpose of developing a satisfactory live attenuated tick-borne flavivirus vaccine, we recovered infectious E5 virus from a full-length cDNA clone. The recombinant E5 virus (clone 651) recovered from a full-length infectious cDNA clone was more attenuated in immunodeficient mice than that of its biologically derived E5 parent. Increase in attenuation was associated with three amino acid substitutions, two located in the structural protein E and one in nonstructural protein NS4B. Subsequently an even greater degree of attenuation was achieved by creating a viable 320 nucleotide deletion in the 3'-noncoding region of infectious full-length E5 cDNA. This deletion mutant was not cytopathic in simian Vero cells and it replicated to lower titer than its E5-651 parent. In addition, the E5 3' deletion mutant was less neuroinvasive in SCID mice than its E5-651 parent. Significantly, the deletion mutant proved to be 119,750 times less neuroinvasive in SCID mice than its progenitor, LGT strain TP21. Despite its high level of attenuation, the E5 3' deletion mutant remained highly immunogenic and intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation of 10 PFU induced complete protection in Swiss mice against subsequent challenge with 2000 ip LD50 of the wild-type LGT TP21.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology
DNA vaccine encoding avian influenza virus H5 and Esat-6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis improved antibody responses against AIV in chickens

Oveissi S, Omar AR, Yusoff K, Jahanshiri F, Hassan SS

Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 2010 Dec;33(6):491-503.
PMID: 19781778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2009.08.004

The H5 gene of avian influenza virus (AIV) strain A/chicken/Malaysia/5744/2004(H5N1) was cloned into pcDNA3.1 vector, and Esat-6 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was fused into downstream of the H5 gene as a genetic adjuvant for DNA vaccine candidates. The antibody level against AIV was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Sera obtained from specific-pathogen-free chickens immunized with pcDNA3.1/H5 and pcDNA3.1/H5/Esat-6 demonstrated antibody responses as early as 2 weeks after the first immunization. Furthermore, the overall HI antibody titer in chickens immunized with pcDNA3.1/H5/Esat-6 was higher compared to the chickens immunized with pcDNA3.1/H5 (p<0.05). The results suggested that Esat-6 gene of M. tuberculosis is a potential genetic adjuvant for the development of effective H5 DNA vaccine in chickens.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology
A preliminary study of dengue infection in Brunei

Osman O, Fong MY, Devi S

Jpn J Infect Dis, 2007 Jul;60(4):205-8.
PMID: 17642533

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of dengue infection in Brunei and to determine the predominant serotype circulating in the country. The study generated useful epidemiological data on dengue infection in Brunei. A total of 271 samples from patients suspected of having dengue infections were selected and analyzed. All patients were seen in clinics and hospitals in Brunei. The samples were collected from April 2005 to April 2006 and transported to the WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research, University of Malaya, Malaysia. The following tests were used to achieve the objectives: in-house IgM-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, virus isolation in mosquito albopictus cell line (C6/36), and viral RNA detection and serotyping by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results show that 45 people were positive for dengue-specific IgM (27 males and 18 females), while RT-PCR detected dengue viral RNA in 12 patients, 3 identified as DEN-1 and 9 as DEN-2. Dengue virus was isolated from 6 patients using the C6/36 cell line; 3 were DEN-2 isolates and 3 were DEN-1 isolates. These data show that dengue virus is circulating in Brunei and the predominant infecting serotype for that period was DEN-2 followed by DEN-1. This study is the first to report the detection and isolation of dengue virus from Brunei using RT-PCR and culture in the C6/36 albopictus mosquito cell line.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology
Fulltext Congenital rubella syndrome with positive serology and virus isolation

Ooi HL, Cheong SM, Yogeswery S, Norizah I, Zuridah H, Kumarasamy V, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Jun;61(2):248-50.
PMID: 16898324 MyJurnal

An effective live attenuated rubella vaccine was available since 1969 and congenital rubella syndrome can be prevented with appropriate vaccination. We report a baby with congenital rubella syndrome born in Klang valley to indicate that the Universal Rubella Vaccination Programme adopted by the Ministry of Health Malaysia since 2002 has yet to achieve its effect of eliminating transmission of rubella and preventing congenital rubella infection in the community. To our knowledge, the virus isolate represents the first successful isolation of rubella virus in this country and will serve as the reference strain for future comparison in molecular epidemiological tracking of rubella virus activity this country.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology*

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