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  1. "There's No Separating My View of My Body from My Autism": A qualitative study of positive body image in autistic individuals
    Longhurst P, Aspell J, Todd J, Swami V
    Body Image, 2024 Mar;48:101655.
    PMID: 38042087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101655
    While scholars have investigated positive body image across diverse populations, extant theory largely excludes those with differing socio-cognitive experiences, such as autistic individuals. Using constructivist grounded theory, this study sought to develop a grounded theory of positive body image in autistic individuals. One-to-one interviews with photo-elicitation were conducted with 20 autistic adults (7 women, 8 men, 5 non-binary/agender; aged 18-53 years) from the United Kingdom. Through a process of open, axial, and focused coding, a grounded theory was developed around a core category of positive body image in autistic adults and was found to comprise six themes: body connection, body acceptance, appreciating body functionality and neurodivergent strengths, having a body-positive protective filter, taking care of the body, and body and appearance neutrality. Our findings suggest that some aspects of positive body image in autistic individuals are consistent with those found in neurotypical adults. However, positive body image in autistic individuals further encompasses both the sensory (i.e., how the body is felt) and aesthetic (i.e., how the body is seen) body. These findings may stimulate research aimed at improving positive body image in autistic populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder*
  2. Fulltext Validation of key components in designing a social skills training content using virtual reality for high functioning autism youth-A Fuzzy Delphi method
    Ahmad Basri MAF, Wan Ismail WS, Kamal Nor N, Mohd Tohit N, Ahmad MN, Mohamad Aun NS, et al.
    PLoS One, 2024;19(4):e0301517.
    PMID: 38574084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301517
    The use of virtual reality in social skills training for high functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) youth has been found to be engaging and enjoyable. Despite the promising results, previous literature indicates that there has been no consensus on the social skills target in the training content. There is also limited research on how evidence-based strategies like cognitive and behaviour techniques are instantiated into the VR environment to teach social skills. The aim of this study is to determine the key components to design a social skills training content using virtual reality for youths with HFASD. The Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) was used to obtain expert consensus on social skills difficulties and cognitive behavioral techniques included in the content in three phases. In phase 1, a questionnaire was developed from in-depth interviews and scientific literature review. The in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 HFASD youth, 7 parents and 6 experts. In phase 2, 3 experts rated the relevance of the items in the questionnaire using an item-level content validity index (I-CVI) assessment. In phase 3, the questionnaire was distributed to 10 experts to rate their level of agreement on each component using a 7-point Likert scale. Components that received a value above 75%, threshold value (d) ≤ 0.2, fuzzy score (A) ≥ α - cut value = 0.5 and higher rank based on defuzzification score were prioritized to be included in the content. Items that received higher expert consensus on social skills difficulties included assessing non-verbal responses, initiating, maintaining, and leaving conversations, emotional difficulties and difficulties in perspective taking. Cognitive and behavioral techniques that received higher expert consensus were psychoeducation, modelling, relaxation techniques, reinforcements, and perspective-taking questions. These key components can be used as a framework for the development of virtual learning content for social skills training in future studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder*
  3. Fulltext Quality of Life and Child's Autism-Specific Difficulties among Malaysian Main Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Asahar SF, Malek KA, Isa MR
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 09 18;18(18).
    PMID: 34574788 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189861
    Caring for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) negatively impacts quality of life (QoL). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the factors associated with perceived QoL and how problematic a child's autism-specific difficulties are among the main caregivers of children with ASD who attend specialized preschool programs at the National Autism Society of Malaysia and IDEAS Autism Centre located in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. Utilizing the questions from Parts A and B of the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire (QoLA), the data from 116 responders were analyzed using univariate and multivariate linear regression. The mean scores of Part A and Part B were 88.55 ± 17.25 and 56.55 ± 12.35, respectively. The QoL was significantly associated with staying in an apartment/flat -11.37 (95%CI: -19.52, -1.17, p = 0.008), main caregivers attending two training sessions 10.35 (95%CI: 1.17, 19.52, p = 0.028), and more than three training sessions 13.36 (95%CI: 2.01, 24.70, p = 0.022). Main caregiver perceptions of their child's autistic-specific difficulties were significantly associated with not receiving additional help for childcare: no maid -13.54 (95%CI: -24.17, -12.91, p = 0.013); no grandparent -8.65 (95%: -14.33, -2.96, p = 0.003); and main caregivers not having asthma 8.44 (95%CI: 0.02, 16.86, p = 0.049). These identified factors can be considered to inform main caregivers and health care providers on targeted ways to improve the QoL of main caregivers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder*
  4. Fulltext Behind the Scenes of Parents Nurturing a Child with Autism: A Qualitative Study in Malaysia
    Yaacob WNW, Yaacob LH, Muhamad R, Zulkifli MM
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 08 12;18(16).
    PMID: 34444280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168532
    Many parents have experienced difficulties in parenting children with autism. We, therefore, consider a more in-depth understanding that is necessary to explore the challenges facing parents and families to provide a better outcome for both. We interviewed 21 parents of 24 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to qualitatively explore the challenges they experienced through a phenomenological framework. Four main aspects emerged as challenges to the parents: inadequate knowledge, psychological distress and stigma, lack of support, and barriers to services. These four themes reflect a lack of balance between the needs of caregivers and the services and resources or support available in the community to meet those needs. Our study contributes to an understanding of how parents perceive challenges, making it easier to take necessary action to meet their needs and ease their burden of stress. A concerted effort is needed to coordinate services across all disciplines to address these challenges.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder*
  5. Robot applications for autism: a comprehensive review
    Saleh MA, Hanapiah FA, Hashim H
    Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol, 2021 08;16(6):580-602.
    PMID: 32706602 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2019.1685016
    PURPOSE: Technological advances in robotics have brought about exciting developments in different areas such as education, training, and therapy. Recent research has suggested that the robot can be even more effective in rehabilitation, therapy, and education for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this paper, a comprehensive review of robotic technology for children with ASD is presented wherein a large number of journals and conference proceedings in science and engineering search engines' databases were implicated.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search for related literature was conducted in three search engines' databases, Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore. Thematic keywords were used to identify articles in the recent ten years in titles, keywords, and abstracts. The retrieved articles were filtered, analysed, and evaluated based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.

    RESULTS: A total of 208 studies were retrieved, while 166 met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies were reviewed according to the type of robot, the participants, objectives, and methods. 68 robots were used in all studies, NAO robot was used in 30.5% of those studies. The total number of participants in all studies was 1671. The highest percentage of the studies reviewed were dedicated to augmenting the learning skills.

    CONCLUSIONS: Robots and the associated schemes were used to determine their feasibility and validity for augmenting the learning skills of autistic children. Most of the studies reviewed were focused on improving the social communication skills of autistic children and measuring the extent of robot mitigation of stereotyped autistic behaviours.Implications for rehabilitationSocial robots are not considered as promising tools to be utilized for rehabilitation of autistic children only, but also has been used for children and young people with severe intellectual disability.Rehabilitation for individuals with ASD using robots can augment their cognitive and social skills, but further studies should be conducted to clarify its effectiveness based on other factors such as sex, age and IQ of the participates.Robotic-based rehabilitation is not limited to the physical robots only, but virtual robots have been used also, whereas each of which can be used individually or simultaneously. However, further study is required to assess the extent of its efficiency and effectiveness for both cases.

    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder*
  6. Fulltext The metastable brain associated with autistic-like traits of typically developing individuals
    Sase T, Kitajo K
    PLoS Comput Biol, 2021 04;17(4):e1008929.
    PMID: 33861737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008929
    Metastability in the brain is thought to be a mechanism involved in the dynamic organization of cognitive and behavioral functions across multiple spatiotemporal scales. However, it is not clear how such organization is realized in underlying neural oscillations in a high-dimensional state space. It was shown that macroscopic oscillations often form phase-phase coupling (PPC) and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), which result in synchronization and amplitude modulation, respectively, even without external stimuli. These oscillations can also make spontaneous transitions across synchronous states at rest. Using resting-state electroencephalographic signals and the autism-spectrum quotient scores acquired from healthy humans, we show experimental evidence that the PAC combined with PPC allows amplitude modulation to be transient, and that the metastable dynamics with this transient modulation is associated with autistic-like traits. In individuals with a longer attention span, such dynamics tended to show fewer transitions between states by forming delta-alpha PAC. We identified these states as two-dimensional metastable states that could share consistent patterns across individuals. Our findings suggest that the human brain dynamically organizes inter-individual differences in a hierarchy of macroscopic oscillations with multiple timescales by utilizing metastability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder/pathology; Autistic Disorder/physiopathology*
  7. Fulltext A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of Parent-Assisted Children's Friendship Training to Improve Social Skills and Friendship Quality in Children with Autism in Malaysia
    Ong SY, Roslan S, Ahmad NA, Ayub AFM, Ping CL, Zaremohzzabieh Z, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 Mar 04;18(5).
    PMID: 33806563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052566
    Background: This study evaluates the effectiveness of parent-assisted children's friendship training intervention for enhancing friendship quality and social skills among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We conducted a quasi-experimental study to investigate the effective outcomes of social skills and friendship quality in the pre-and post-parent-assisted CFT intervention phases; Methods: to conduct a 12-week field session, 30 children with their parents were selected. The Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales and the Quality of Play Questionnaire-Parent were used to assess the effectiveness of the parent-assisted children's friendship training during pre-and post-intervention. A semi-structured interview with parents was conducted at the end of the session; Results: findings revealed that intervention improved the social skills of these children. Additionally, the friendship quality of children with ASD improved before and after the intervention, however, engagement remained unchanged. Parents also showed some sort of improvement after the session as they reported a heightened sense of fear and resistance, awareness, learning and adjustment, change is not easy, and identifying support; Conclusions: there was clear evidence that children with ASD benefitted from parent-assisted CFTs in terms of social skills and friendship quality. However, larger and controlled studies are required to draw firm conclusions about this kind of intervention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder*
  8. A Review of Machine Learning Methods of Feature Selection and Classification for Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Rahman MM, Usman OL, Muniyandi RC, Sahran S, Mohamed S, Razak RA
    Brain Sci, 2020 Dec 07;10(12).
    PMID: 33297436 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120949
    Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), according to DSM-5 in the American Psychiatric Association, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes deficits of social communication and social interaction with the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. Children with ASD have difficulties in joint attention and social reciprocity, using non-verbal and verbal behavior for communication. Due to these deficits, children with autism are often socially isolated. Researchers have emphasized the importance of early identification and early intervention to improve the level of functioning in language, communication, and well-being of children with autism. However, due to limited local assessment tools to diagnose these children, limited speech-language therapy services in rural areas, etc., these children do not get the rehabilitation they need until they get into compulsory schooling at the age of seven years old. Hence, efficient approaches towards early identification and intervention through speedy diagnostic procedures for ASD are required. In recent years, advanced technologies like machine learning have been used to analyze and investigate ASD to improve diagnostic accuracy, time, and quality without complexity. These machine learning methods include artificial neural networks, support vector machines, a priori algorithms, and decision trees, most of which have been applied to datasets connected with autism to construct predictive models. Meanwhile, the selection of features remains an essential task before developing a predictive model for ASD classification. This review mainly investigates and analyzes up-to-date studies on machine learning methods for feature selection and classification of ASD. We recommend methods to enhance machine learning's speedy execution for processing complex data for conceptualization and implementation in ASD diagnostic research. This study can significantly benefit future research in autism using a machine learning approach for feature selection, classification, and processing imbalanced data.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder
  9. Collinear facilitation and contour integration in autistic adults: Examining lateral and feedback connectivity
    Gowen E, Jachim S, Subri S, Dickinson C, Hamblin-Pyke B, Warren PA
    Vision Res, 2020 12;177:56-67.
    PMID: 32977182 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2020.08.004
    Alongside difficulties with communication and social interaction, autism is often accompanied by unusual sensory and perceptual experiences including enhanced visual performance on tasks that involve separating local parts from global context. This superiority may be the result of atypical integrative processing, involving feedback and lateral connections between visual neurons. The current study investigated the integrity of these connections in autistic adults by examining two psychophysics tasks that rely on these processes - collinear facilitation and contour integration. The relative contribution of feedback and lateral connectivity was studied by altering the timing of the target relative to the flankers in the collinear facilitation task, in 16 autistic and 16 non-autistic adults. There were no significant differences in facilitation between the autistic and non-autistic groups, indicating that for this task and participant sample, lateral and feedback connectivity appear relatively intact in autistic individuals. Contour integration was examined in a different group of 20 autistic and 18 non-autistic individuals, for open and closed contours to assess the closure effect (improved detection of closed compared to open contours). Autistic individuals showed a reduced closure effect at both short (150 ms) and longer (500 ms) stimulus presentation durations that was driven by better performance of the autistic group for the open contours. These results suggest that reduced closure in a simple contour detection paradigm is unlikely to be due to slower global processing. Reduced closure has implications for understanding sensory overload by contributing to reduced figure-ground segregation of salient visual features.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder*
  10. Fulltext Mode of delivery, order of birth, parental age gap and autism spectrum disorder among Malaysian children: A case-control study
    Andoy Galvan JA, Ramalingam PN, Patil SS, Bin Shobri MAS, Chinna K, Sahrir MS, et al.
    Heliyon, 2020 Oct;6(10):e05068.
    PMID: 33083595 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05068
    Rising prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the last decades has led research to focus on the diagnosis and identification of factors associated with ASD. This paper sought for possible factors that put children at risk for ASD. In this study, we investigated the association between ASD and parental ages, parental age gaps, birth order and birth delivery method in Malaysian population. In this school-based case control study, 465 children with ASD 464 controls participated. Questionnaires were distributed to the parents of the selected children through the respective principals. Among the tested variables, Caesarean section (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.20, 2.20), earlier order of birth in the family (OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.59, 0.77) and increasing gap in parental ages (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.001, 1.07) were significantly associated with ASD. This study concludes that Caesarean section, earlier order of birth in the family and increasing gap in parental age are independent risk factors for developing autism among Malaysian children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder
  11. Factors associated with autism severity among Malaysian children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Eow SY, Gan WY, Lim PY, Awang H, Mohd Shariff Z
    Res Dev Disabil, 2020 May;100:103632.
    PMID: 32179381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103632
    BACKGROUND: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) of different levels of symptom severity may exhibit a wide range of behaviours and characteristics. There is a limited nutrition-related study on children with ASD of different severity in Malaysia.

    AIMS: This cross-sectional study aims to determine the association between sociodemographic factors, parental factors, and lifestyle factors with autism severity in children with ASD.

    METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A total of 224 children with ASD were included in this study. Their mothers completed a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, autism severity, parenting style, parental feeding practices, parenting stress, child's sleep habits and eating behaviours.

    OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: As high as 78.1 % of the children with ASD demonstrated a high level of autism severity. Multiple linear regression showed that father's employment status (B = 6.970, 95 % CI = 3.172, 10.768, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder/physiopathology*
  12. Fulltext University Students' Notion of Autism Spectrum Conditions: A Cross-Cultural Study
    de Vries M, Cader S, Colleer L, Batteux E, Yasdiman MB, Tan YJ, et al.
    J Autism Dev Disord, 2020 Apr;50(4):1281-1294.
    PMID: 31901119 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04343-z
    Cultural background might influence knowledge and attitudes regarding autism, influencing willingness to interact. We studied whether beliefs, knowledge, contact, and attitude differed between the UK and Malaysia. With mediation analyses, we studied how these factors influenced willingness to interact. Autism was more often linked to food in the UK, and to upbringing in Malaysia. Knowledge, contact, and acceptance were greater in the UK. When excluding psychology students, Malaysian students were less willing to interact with autistic people. Knowledge and contact appeared to improve acceptance, but acceptance did not mediate the relation between country, beliefs, knowledge, and experience; and willingness to interact. Knowledge and contact regarding autism might improve acceptance in different cultures, but how acceptance could improve interaction is unclear.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder/ethnology*
  13. Poh-tay-toe, Poh-tah-toe: Autism Diagnosis and Conceptualization
    Leong D, Hedley D, Uljarević M
    J Child Neurol, 2020 03;35(3):247-248.
    PMID: 31726922 DOI: 10.1177/0883073819887587
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder*
  14. Fulltext Autism: awareness and perception among Malaysian Nursing Students in Sabah
    Deena Clare Thomas, Julie C M, Helda A H, Nurhani Nadiah B, Ranita M
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):71-0.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that can cause significant social, com- munication and behavioral challenges. According to the 2017 survey by the Ministry of Health Malaysia, children between the ages of 18 to 26 months showed ASD occurs approximately 1.6 in1000 children. In Sabah, 400 autistic children had been registered under Sabah Autism Society (SAS). The increasing prevalence of ASD had become a major concern not only to the parents but to the community. A correct understanding and perception about ASD are crucial especially to the nursing profession as they must be able to educate caregiver on how to manage patients with ASD. Methods: This is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional approach. The respondents are all nursing students in Sabah. The type of sampling is purposive, which is using snowball sampling methods. Research instruments were developed and distributed to all nursing colleges in Sabah. Results: A total of 115 students responded. The majority of age is within range of 18–20 years old and female students. Fifty percents (50%) respondents perceived that of autism is a socio-emotional and neuro-developmental disorder with a non-verbal behaviors’ impairment, curable disorder with proper treatment. More than fifty percent (50%) disagree that autistic child does not want friends and equivalent stand on the statement about autistic child can live independently. Ninety five percent (90%) agree that social media plays an important platform to deliver facts about autism, and health care provider remains as a key role to increase the level of awareness to the community. Conclusion: Results of this study revealed that nursing students in Sabah have a good awareness and perception towards autistic disorder. Nursing students in Sabah agree that social media plays a vital part to increase the level of awareness and perception.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder
  15. Fulltext In Vitro Modulation of Endogenous Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Oxidative Stress in Autism Lymphoblastoid Cell Line (ALCL) by Stingless Bee Honey Treatment
    Nayan NS, Yazid MAM, Nallappan K, Amran AA, Zaidi NS, Zakaria F, et al.
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2020;2020:4539891.
    PMID: 33335642 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4539891
    Autism has been associated with a low antioxidant defense mechanism, while honey has been known for decades for its antioxidant and healing properties. Determination of stingless bee honey (KH) effects on antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative damage in Autism Lymphoblastoid Cell Line (ALCL) was performed. ALCL and its normal sibling pair (NALCL) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium at 37°C and 5% CO2. ALCL was treated with 400 μg/mL KH (24 h), and oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage was determined via comet assay. Low SOD activity (p < 0.05) and high MDA level (p < 0.05) were observed in ALCL compared to NALCL. Higher grade (Grades 2 and 3) of DNA damage was highly observed (p < 0.05) in ALCL compared to NALCL, whereas lower grade (Grades 0 and 1) DNA damage was highly detected (p < 0.05) in NALCL compared to ALCL. KH treatment caused a significant increase in SOD and GPx activities (p < 0.05) in ALCL compared to untreated ALCL. Correspondingly, KH treatment reduced the Grade 2 DNA damage (p < 0.05) in ALCL compared to untreated ALCL. CAT activity showed no significant difference between all three groups, while the MDA level showed no significant difference between treated and untreated ALCL. In conclusion, KH treatment significantly reduced the oxidative stress in ALCL by increasing the SOD and GPx antioxidant enzyme activities, while reducing the DNA damage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder/drug therapy; Autistic Disorder/enzymology*
  16. The α5-Containing GABAA Receptors-a Brief Summary
    Mohamad FH, Has ATC
    J Mol Neurosci, 2019 Feb;67(2):343-351.
    PMID: 30607899 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1246-4
    GABAA receptors are the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor in the human brain. The receptors are assembled from combination of protein subunits in pentameric complex which may consist of α1-6, β1-3, γ1-3, ρ1-3, δ, ε, θ, or π subunits. There are a theoretical > 150,000 possible assemblies and arrangements of GABAA subunits, although only a few combinations have been found in human with the most dominant consists of 2α1, 2β2, and 1γ2 in a counterclockwise arrangement as seen from the synaptic cleft. The receptors also possess binding sites for various unrelated substances including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and anesthetics. The α5-containing GABAARs only make up ≤ 5% of the entire receptor population, but up to 25% of the receptor subtype is located in the crucial learning and memory-associated area of the brain-the hippocampus, which has ignited myriads of hypotheses and theories in regard to its role. As well as exhibiting synaptic phasic inhibition, the α5-containing receptors are also extrasynaptic and mediate tonic inhibition with continuously occurring smaller amplitude. Studies on negative-allosteric modulators for reducing this tonic inhibition have been shown to enhance learning and memory in neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, Down syndrome, and autism with a possible alternative benzodiazepine binding site. Therefore, a few α5 subunit-specific compounds have been developed to address these pharmacological needs. With its small population, the α5-containing receptors could be the key and also the answer for many untreated cognitive dysfunctions and disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder
  17. Fulltext The effect of listening to Qur’anic recitation on social skills among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
    Wan Fara Adila Wan Ahmad Kaspi, Kartini Ilias, Amir Muhriz Abdul Latiff, Mohd Zaid Daud
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):101-101.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The number of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) keeps increasing every year. ASD is a neurodevelopmental disability that affects social communication and social interaction. They also demon-strate restricted, repetitive pattern of behaviour, interest or activities (RRB) that shows at an early developmental age. Due to this characteristic, ASD children are facing difficulties in social skills aspect such as eye contact, expression, and making friends. Studying and reciting the Quran are often used in Malaysia to ameliorate the symptoms, but there is no specific study in Malaysia that demonstrates the impact of these renditions on ASD’s children’s social skills. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect selected Qur’anic verses recitation on the social skills of the children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Methods: This study will use the quasi-experimental research design. This study will be held at IDEAS Autism Centre, Rawang. The purposive sampling technique will be used and 14 ASD Muslim children aged 4-6 years old will be chosen. The ASD children will be divided into an experimental and control group. The experimental group will be listening to selected Qur’anic verses before the intervention. The Social Responsiveness Scale- Second Edition (SRS-2) will be used to assess the response. The scale consists of a 65-item questionnaire, with a 4-point Likert-scale. Results: The expected result for this study is the ASD children in the experimental group will have lower Total-scores of SRS-2 compared to control group. Conclusion: Listening to Qur’anic recitation provides a cost-effective complementary therapy to improve social skills among Muslim ASD children. Information from this study also can be used as a stepping stone in developing the teaching module to ASD children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder
  18. Fulltext Challenges and future perspectives for 3D cerebral organoids as amodel for complex brain disorders
    Cheah, Pike-See, Mason, John O., Ling, King-Hwa
    Neuroscience Research Notes, 2019;2(1):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    The human brain is made up of billions of neurons and glial cells which are interconnected and organized into specific patternsof neural circuitry, and hence is arguably the most sophisticated organ in human, both structurally and functionally.Studying the underlying mechanisms responsible for neurologicalor neurodegenerativedisorders and the developmental basis of complex brain diseases such as autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease has proven challenging due to practical and ethical limitations on experiments with human material and the limitationsof existing biological/animal models. Recently,cerebral organoids havebeen proposed as apromisingand revolutionary model for understanding complex brain disorders and preclinical drug screening.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder
  19. Autism and trichotillomania in an adolescent boy
    Masiran R
    BMJ Case Rep, 2018 Sep 05;2018.
    PMID: 30185454 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226270
    An adolescent with autism spectrum disorder and improperly treated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder presented with recurrent hair pulling. Treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and stimulant improved these conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder/complications; Autistic Disorder/drug therapy*
  20. Fulltext Epilepsy and comorbidities: towards unravelling the common underlying mechanisms
    Paudel, Yam Nath, Lisgaras, Christos Panagiotis, Lim, Kheng Seang, Shaikh, Mohd. Farooq
    Neuroscience Research Notes, 2018;1(3):1-4.
    MyJurnal
    Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by the rapid occurrence of epileptic seizures affecting approximately 70 million people worldwide[1,2]. The quality of life of people with epilepsy (PWE) is challenged by a series of comorbidities that might include neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders (cognitive decline, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and autism) as well as metabolic, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases[3]. Neurobehavioral and other comorbidities might share a reciprocal and complex relationship with epileptogenesis and ictogenesis thus biomarkers of the former might be useful for the prediction of the latter and vice versa[4].
    Matched MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder
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