MyMedR

Fulltext The return of fertility after discontinuation of oral contraception in Malaysian women

Hassan J, Kulenthran A, Thum YS

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):348-50.

The return of fertility after discontinuation of oral contraception was studied in a cross-sectional survey of 61 patients who were desirous of a further pregnancy. For controls, 380 women who did not take any oral contraception were used. Cumulative conception rates in the pill users were reduced but not significantly during the first three (p = 0.15) and six months (p = 0.20). By 12 months this difference was negligible (p = 0.28). We conclude that there is no significant delay in return of fertility following cessation of oral contraception in our group of Malaysian women.

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

Hazards of childbirth in West Malaysia

Lourdenadin S

Med J Malaya, 1969 Jun;23(4):239-43.

PMID: 4242166

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate*

Does Overnight Culture of Cleaved Embryos Improve Pregnancy Rate in Vitrified-Warmed Embryo Transfer Programme?

Agha-Rahimi A, Omidi M, Akyash F, Faramarzi A, Farshchi FA

Malays J Med Sci, 2019 Mar;26(2):52-58.

PMID: 31447608 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.2.6

Background: Vitrification is a routine procedure in assisted reproductive technique (ART) lab. However, there is widespread variability between protocols of different centres. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates between one-day embryo culture and immediate transfer for frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles.

Methods: In this cohort retrospective study, 366 FET cycles were divided into two groups: Group A, the embryos were warmed one day before transfer, and were cultured overnight; Group B, the embryos were warmed on the same day of transfer, at least were cultured 1 h before embryo transfer (ET). Chemical and clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were compared between two groups.

Results: The chemical pregnancy was higher in group A than B (37.9% versus 28.9%), but this difference was not significant (P = 0.07). Clinical pregnancy (30.8% versus 24.1%) and live birth (19.8% versus 22.05%) were similar in group A and B, (P = 0.15), and (P = 0.8). Conclusion: In conclusion, overnight culture and confirmation of mitosis resumption was not essential for FET cycles in vitrification method.

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

Breast-feeding in some developing countries

Ahmad M

Egypt Popul Fam Plann Rev, 1979;13(1-2):168-86.

PMID: 12312263

PIP: Responses to questions relating to breastfeeding in the World Fertility Surveys of South Korea, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Bangladesh are analyzed. Of these countries, the percentage of ever-married women who had breastfed in the last closed interval was between 94-99%, except for Malaysia (81%) and average number of months breastfeeding took place was from 16.5-19.2, except for Malaysia (7.3). The infant mortality rate in these countries was 33/1000 live births for South Korea, 45/1000 for Malaysia, 51/1000 for Sri Lanka, 137/1000 for Indonesia, 150/1000 for Bangladesh, and 152/1000 for Nepal. Responses, however, might vary according to different interview situations. Assuming that the reporting errors are of similar magnitude and direction, the relationship between duration of breastfeeding and the birth interval can be studied. But it is possible that breastfeeding was prolonged due to other reasons for which conception was delayed; thus the regression of breastfeeding duration on the birth interval is not as logical as the regression of the birth interval on the breastfeeding is, especially when habitual breastfeeding can be avoided. The negative relationship between breastfeeding and infant mortality does exist, assuming that a woman breastfeeds all her children for similar durations. Some breastfeeding differentials are place of residence (less for rural areas), education (reduces duration), and religion (Christians have shorter duration than Muslims, Hindus, or Buddhists). In South Korea the mean length of breastfeeding of women aged 25-34 and 35-44 are 17.5 and 20.5, and women using contraceptives are 26% for 25-34 and 20% for 35-44. South Korea also has the highest level of breastfeeding, highest incidence of ever use of contraceptives, and a very low level of fertility. Nepal and Bangladesh have a high level of breastfeeding but since their contraceptive incidence is low, their fertility level remains high. Some areas of further research include influence of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality.

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

Prospects and programs for fertility reduction, 1990-2015

Mauldin WP, Ross JA

Stud Fam Plann, 1994 Mar-Apr;25(2):77-95.

PMID: 8059448 DOI: 10.2307/2138086

What is the likelihood that each of the 37 developing countries with populations of 15 million or more in 1990 will reach replacement fertility by the year 2015? These countries have a combined population of 3.9 billion, 91 percent of the population of all developing countries. For this article, a composite index was used as the basis for predicting future levels of total fertility. The index was constructed from socioeconomic variables (life expectancy at birth, infant mortality rates, percent adult literacy, ratio of children enrolled in primary or secondary school, percent of the labor force in nonagricultural occupations, gross national product per capita, and percent of the population living in urban areas), total fertility rates for the years 1985-90, total fertility rate decline from 1960-65 to 1985-90, family planning program effort scores in 1989, and the level of contraceptive prevalence in 1990. Eight countries are classified as certain to reach replacement fertility by 2015, and an additional thirteen probably will also. Five countries are classified as possibly reaching replacement fertility, and eleven as unlikely to do so.

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate/trends

Do fertility intentions predict subsequent behavior? Evidence from Peninsular Malaysia

Tan PC, Tey NP

Stud Fam Plann, 1994 Jul-Aug;25(4):222-31.

PMID: 7985216 DOI: 10.2307/2137905

Data from the 1984 Malaysian Population and Family Survey were matched with birth registration records for 1985-87 to determine the accuracy of statements regarding desired family size that were reported in a household survey in predicting subsequent reproductive behavior. The findings of this study were that stated fertility intention provides fairly accurate forecasts of fertility behavior in the subsequent period. In other words, whether a woman has another child is predicted closely by whether she wanted an additional child. Informational, educational, and motivational activities of family planning programs would, therefore, have greater success in reducing family size if fertility intentions were taken into account.

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate*

East Asia review 1978-79. Malaysia

Aziz NL, Tey NP, Ramli O

Stud Fam Plann, 1980 Nov;11(11):330-4.

PMID: 7456109 DOI: 10.2307/1966036

PIP: While Malaysia's National Family Planning Board is primarily responsible for family planning activities, several organizations and ministries, both governmental and voluntary, participate in various service programs. Current population policy attempts to go beyond family planning. Population education, treatment of infertility, and cancer screening are offered as well as family planning, to make the program more useful to greater numbers of people. The government also wishes to improve the status of women thereby giving them alternative choices of lifestyle. Rural women are reached through the Ministry of Agriculture's community development program. While the National Family Planning Board receives only 0.12% of the national budget, this figure is not expected to increase. Tables giving vital rates show that population fell below the 30 per 1000 mark for the first time in 1977. A higher rate of fertility decline has taken place between 1967 - 1977 than occurred from 1957 - 1967. Current demographic objectives are to reduce crude birthrate to 28.2 per 1000 by 1980. This goal would require 817,963 new acceptors. While the pill accounts for 80% of acceptor's choice, the proportion using condoms has increased from 1.4% during 1969 - 1970 to 11.4% in 1979. Despite reported side effects with the pill and the illegality of induced abortions, virtually all acceptors are well satisfied with the program in its current form.

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

East Asia review 1978-79. Introduction

Clinton JJ, Baker J

Stud Fam Plann, 1980 Nov;11(11):311-6.

PMID: 7456105 DOI: 10.2307/1966032

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

East Asia Review, 1973. 5. Malaysia

Bin Abdul Rahman S, Tan Boon Ann, Subbiah M, Loh Sow Khin, Baker Y

Stud Fam Plann, 1974 May;5(5):158-9.

PMID: 4828069 DOI: 10.2307/1965315

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

East Asia review, 1976-7: Malaysia

Aziz NL

Stud Fam Plann, 1978 Sep;9(9):41-2.

PMID: 734714 DOI: 10.2307/1965636

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

Traditional midwives and family planning in Asia

Rogers EM, Solomon DS

Stud Fam Plann, 1975 May;6(5):126-33.

PMID: 1145693 DOI: 10.2307/1964747

The objectives of this article are (1) review the contribution of traditional midwives to family planning communication in several Asian countries; (2) organize knowledge gathered from various studies into general guidelines for the most effective use of traditional midwives in family planning programs; and (3) present hypotheses for future research. In certain countries where pilot projects have tested the potential performance of traditional midwives in family planning programs, results have been encouraging. In other nations, more research is needed to determine the contribution traditional midwives can make to the family planning program.
PIP: Traditional midwives are found in almost every village and in many urban neighborhoods in the developing world, delivering the majority of births in these areas. Several Asian nations have begun to recognize the potential contribution of traditional midwives to modern family planning and health programs. A total of about 17,000 traditional midwives have been trained as family planning recruiters in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Because traditional midwives deliver a large number of births in Asian nations, the potential is great for them to reach large numbers of women regarding family planning -- particularly poor, illiterate women. There is much to be learned from the traditional health system and governmental health and family planning programs should join hands with these older systems.

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

Studies in family planning. 4. Malaysia

Hardee JG, Rahman SB, Ann TB

Stud Fam Plann, 1973 May;4(5):111-3.

PMID: 4710478 DOI: 10.2307/1964727

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

Family planning programs: world review 1974. East Asia. Malaysia

Stud Fam Plann, 1975 Aug;6(8):221-47.

PMID: 1202673 DOI: 10.2307/1964956

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

Aging and economic growth: empirical analysis using autoregressive distributed lag approach

Normaz Wana Ismail, Siti Wardah Abd Rahman, Tengku Aizan Tengku Abdul Hamid, Rusmawati Said

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1345-1350.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of aging on economic growth. The study used dynamic growth model and employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach for the period of 1980 to 2011. Three proxies for aging are used namely fertility rate, life expectancy and old dependency ratio. However, only fertility rate is detected to have a long run cointegration. The major finding of this study showed that a reduction of fertility rate lead to higher economic growth. This implied that even though Malaysia will face aging society by 2020, the economic growth is still stable and can increase by investing more on human capital.

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

Fulltext Cost-effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies in Saudi Arabia: Comparing in vitro fertilization with intrauterine insemination

Almaslami F, Aljunid SM

SAGE Open Med, 2020;8:2050312120931988.

PMID: 32587695 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120931988

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination for the management of unexplained, mild male and mild female factor infertility in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective was conducted for couples seeking assisted reproductive technology services between January and December 2016 in one of the largest private hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Activity-Based Costing and Step-Down Costing methodologies with expert interviews were used to compute the costs of in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination. A total of 710 assisted reproductive technology procedures were observed by the embryologist in charge. The costs calculated included direct and indirect costs. A cost-effectiveness analysis and a Monte Carlo simulation probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted.

Results: The average cost per in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination cycle was SR 27,360 (range: SR 19,541-29,618) and SR 10,143 (range: SR 7568-11,976), respectively, and the live birth rate per initiated in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination cycle was 20.7% and 7.9%, respectively, resulting in an average cost per live birth per in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination treatment cycle of SR 132,174 (95% confidence interval: 120,802-143,546) and SR 128,392 (95% confidence interval: 124,468-132,316), respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was SR 134,508 per extra live birth implicit in a decision to treat with in vitro fertilization. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of the cost-effectiveness results.

Conclusion: This study found that from a societal perspective, one in vitro fertilization treatment cycle was more cost-effective than intrauterine insemination in Saudi Arabia.

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

A hazard rate analysis of fertility using duration data from Malaysia

Chang C

Res Popul Econ, 1988;6:137-59.

PMID: 12280927

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

Neither male age nor semen parameters influence clinical pregnancy or live birth outcomes from IVF

Mariappen U, Keane KN, Hinchliffe PM, Dhaliwal SS, Yovich JL

Reprod Biol, 2018 Dec;18(4):324-329.

PMID: 30503182 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.11.003

Advanced age is an increasing trend for both males and females seeking in vitro fertilization (IVF). This retrospective cohort study investigated the outcomes of 1280 IVF-related treatment cycles, selecting the first treatment for couples utilizing autologous gametes and who underwent single fresh embryo transfer. Males aged 40-49 years had a 52% reduction in normal sperm motility, while it was markedly reduced by 79% at 50 years or older. However, neither semen parameters nor male age were predictive of clinical pregnancy or live birth chance. In a combination of age groups, cases with Younger Females had the greatest chance of successful outcomes and this was independent of having a younger or older male partner. Specifically, Young Female-Young Male combinations (≤ 35 years) were the most likely to succeed in achieving a clinical pregnancy or live birth (OR 2.84, p 35 years, respectively) had a similar increased chance (OR 2.07, p birth.

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate*

Live birth rates are satisfactory following multiple IVF treatment cycles in poor prognosis patients

Mustafa KB, Keane KN, Walz NL, Mitrovic KI, Hinchliffe PM, Yovich JL

Reprod Biol, 2017 Mar;17(1):34-41.

PMID: 27964842 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2016.11.004

This seven-year retrospective study analysed the live birth rate (LBR) for women undergoing IVF treatment with various antral follicle counts (AFC). The LBR decreased with lower AFC ratings, and in 290 treatment cycles for women in the poorest AFC category, ≤4 follicles (group E), the LBR was the lowest at 10.7%. The pregnancy loss rate (PLR) significantly increased with poorer AFC categories, from 21.8% in AFC group A (≥20 follicles), to 54.4% in AFC group E (p<0.0001). This trend was repeated with advancing age, from 21.6% for younger women (<35years), to 32.9, 48.5 and 100% for ages 35-39, 40-44 and ≥45 years, respectively (p<0.0001). However, LBR within the specific AFC group E cohort was also age-dependent and decreased significantly from 30.0% for <35 years old, to 13.3, 3.9 and 0% for patients aged 35-39, 40-44 and ≥45 years, respectively. Most, importantly, LBR rates within these age groups were not dependent on the number of IVF attempts (1st, 2nd, 3rd or ≥4 cycles), which indicated that cycle number should not be the primary deciding factor for cessation of IVF treatment in responding women <45years old.

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

Fulltext Psychiatric Sequelae of Former "Comfort Women," Survivors of the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery during World War II

Lee J, Kwak YS, Kim YJ, Kim EJ, Park EJ, Shin Y, et al.

Psychiatry Investig, 2018 Apr;15(4):336-343.

PMID: 29669407 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2017.11.08.2

"Comfort women" refers to young women and girls who were forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese military during World War II. They were abducted from their homes in countries under Imperial Japanese rule, mostly from Korea, and the rest from China, Philippines, Malaysia, Taiwan, Indonesia, the Netherlands, etc. "Comfort women" endured extreme trauma involving rape, sexual torture, physical abuse, starvation, threats of death, and witnessed many others being tortured and killed. This article reviews all the studies that have investigated the psychiatric or psychosocial sequelae of the survivors of the Japanese military sexual slavery. Most importantly, a recent study which conducted a psychiatric evaluation on the former "comfort women" currently alive in South Korea is introduced. The participants' unmarried rate was relatively high and their total fertility rate was relatively low. Majority of the participants reported having no education and being the low economic status. They showed high current and lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic disorder, major depressive disorder, somatic symptom disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Participants showed high suicidality and majority of the participants still reported being ashamed of being former "comfort women" after all these years. This article high-lights the fact that the trauma has affected the mental health and social functioning of former "comfort women" throughout their lives, and even to the present day.

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate

[Prognostic evaluations of the medical and demographic processes]

Tishuk EA

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med, 2003 Sep-Oct.

PMID: 14661406

The medical-and-demographic processes as a starting point for the planning of means and resources for the short- and average-term future are forecasted in the paper on the basis of long-term peculiarities of the natural-science data and with respect for the social-and-economic crisis now underway in the country.

Matched MeSH terms: Birth Rate/trends*

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