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  1. Blood-based dynamic genomic signature for obsessive-compulsive disorder
    Wang Y, Cheng C, Zhang Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Li X, et al.
    Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 2018 12;177(8):709-716.
    PMID: 30350918 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32675
    No biologically based diagnostic criteria are in clinical use today for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder (MDD), which are defined with reference to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual clinical symptoms alone. However, these disorders cannot always be well distinguished on clinical grounds and may also be comorbid. A biological blood-based dynamic genomic signature that can differentiate among OCD, MDD, and schizophrenia would therefore be of great utility. This study enrolled 77 patients with OCD, 67 controls with no psychiatric illness, 39 patients with MDD, and 40 with schizophrenia. An OCD-specific gene signature was identified using blood gene expression analysis to construct a predictive model of OCD that can differentiate this disorder from healthy controls, MDD, and schizophrenia using a logistic regression algorithm. To verify that the genes selected were not derived as a result of chance, the algorithm was tested twice. First, the algorithm was used to predict the cohort with true disease/control status and second, the algorithm predicted the cohort with disease/control status randomly reassigned (null set). A six-gene panel (COPS7A, FKBP1A, FIBP, TP73-AS1, SDF4, and GOLGA8A) discriminated patients with OCD from healthy controls, MDD, and schizophrenia in the training set (with an area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve of 0.938; accuracy, 86%; sensitivity, 88%; and specificity, 85%). Our findings indicate that a blood transcriptomic signature can distinguish OCD from healthy controls, MDD, and schizophrenia. This finding further confirms the feasibility of using dynamic blood-based genomic signatures in psychiatric disorders and may provide a useful tool for clinical staff engaged in OCD diagnosis and decision making.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  2. Fulltext The validation of the Malay Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0: factor structure, item analysis and model fit
    Swarna Nantha Y, Kalasivan A, Ponnusamy Pillai M, Suppiah P, Md Sharif S, Krishnan SG, et al.
    Public Health Nutr, 2020 Feb;23(3):402-409.
    PMID: 31538554 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980019002684
    OBJECTIVE: The development of a second version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) coincides with the latest updates in the diagnosis of addiction as documented in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The objective of the present study was to translate the YFAS 2.0 into the Malay language and test its psychometric properties in a primary-care population.

    DESIGN: Patients were assessed for food addiction utilizing the Malay YFAS 2.0. The participants were also assessed for eating disorder using the validated Malay Binge Eating Scale. The psychometric properties of the YFAS 2.0 were determined by analysing factor structure, overall item statistics, internal consistency and construct validity.

    SETTING: Between 2017 and 2018, participants were chosen from a regional primary-care clinic in the district of Seremban, Malaysia.

    PARTICIPANTS: Patients (n 382) from a regional primary-care clinic.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of food addiction was 5·0%. A two-factor structure of the YFAS was confirmed as the most optimal solution for the scale via confirmatory factor analysis. In both its diagnostic and symptom count version, the YFAS 2.0 had good internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson α > 0·80 and McDonald's ω > 0·9).

    CONCLUSIONS: We validated a psychometrically sound Malay version of the YFAS 2.0 in a primary-care population. Both diagnostic and symptom count versions of the scale had robust psychometric properties. The questionnaire can be used to develop health promotion strategies to detect food addiction tendencies in a general population.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders*
  3. Associations between belief in conspiracy theories and the maladaptive personality traits of the personality inventory for DSM-5
    Swami V, Weis L, Lay A, Barron D, Furnham A
    Psychiatry Res, 2016 Feb 28;236:86-90.
    PMID: 26776299 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.027
    Conspiracy theories can be treated as both rational narratives of the world as well as outcomes of underlying maladaptive traits. Here, we examined associations between belief in conspiracy theories and individual differences in personality disorders. An Internet-based sample (N=259) completed measures of belief in conspiracy theories and the 25 facets of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Preliminary analyses showed no significant differences in belief in conspiracy theories across participant sex, ethnicity, and education. Regression analyses showed that the PID-5 facets of Unusual Beliefs and Experiences and, to a lesser extent, Suspiciousness, significantly predicted belief in conspiracy theories. These findings highlight a role for maladaptive personality traits in understanding belief in conspiracy theories, but require further investigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  4. Adjunctive mood stabilizer treatment for hospitalized schizophrenia patients: Asia psychotropic prescription study (2001-2008)
    Sim K, Yong KH, Chan YH, Tor PC, Xiang YT, Wang CY, et al.
    Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2011 Oct;14(9):1157-64.
    PMID: 21557883 DOI: 10.1017/S1461145711000563
    Recent studies indicate relatively high international rates of adjunctive psychotropic medication, including mood stabilizers, for patients with schizophrenia. Since such treatments are little studied in Asia, we examined the frequency of mood-stabilizer use and its clinical correlates among hospitalized Asian patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in 2001-2008. We evaluated usage rates of mood stabilizers with antipsychotic drugs, and associated factors, for in-patients diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia in 2001, 2004 and 2008 in nine Asian regions: China, Hong Kong, India, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, and Singapore. Overall, mood stabilizers were given to 20.4% (n=1377/6761) of hospitalized schizophrenia patients, with increased usage over time. Mood-stabilizer use was significantly and independently associated in multivariate logistic modeling with: aggressive behaviour, disorganized speech, year sampled (2008 vs. earlier), multiple hospitalizations, less negative symptoms, younger age, with regional variation (Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore>Taiwan or China). Co-prescription of adjunctive mood stabilizers with antipsychotics for hospitalized Asian schizophrenia patients increased over the past decade, and was associated with specific clinical characteristics. This practice parallels findings in other countries and illustrates ongoing tension between evidence-based practice vs. individualized, empirical treatment of psychotic disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  5. Fulltext Premature ejaculation in urban malaysian population: the associations between erectile dysfunction(ED), anxiety and depression
    Shamini Arasalingam, Hatta Sidi, Ng Chong Guan, Srijit Das, Marhani Midin, Ramli Musa
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2016;15(1):89-96.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Both premature ejaculation(PE) and erectile dysfunction(ED) are prevalent sexual health disorders that have been inadequately investigated in Malaysia, a multiethnic and conservative nation.The objective of the study was to study the relationship between PE and ED, and other common mental health issues, i.e. anxiety and depression in Malaysian urban population.
    Methods: The diagnosis for PE was established by clinical diagnosis using DSM-5 and ISSM definition criteria for PE, whereas a diagnosis of ED was established by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. Anxiety and depression levels were detected from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
    Results: Based on DSM-V and ISSM clinical diagnosis for PE, the prevalence of PE was found to be 25%. Erectile dysfunction (p = 0.035, OR = 3.315, 95% CI 1.088, 10.103) and severe anxiety (p = 0.020, OR = 7.656, 95% CI 1.383, 42.396) significantly predicted presence of PE.
    Conclusion: There was a strong association between PE and ED and between PE and anxiety. Routine examination for PE in male patients should address the issue and the management of both ED and anxiety among PE patients, especially in an urban Malaysian clinical and medical care setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  6. Fulltext Obesity among patients with schizophrenia, attending outpatient psychiatric clinic, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
    Salmi Razali, Ainsah Omar, Osman Che Bakar, Shamsul Azman Shah
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2007;8(2):90-96.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity among patients with schizophrenia and its association with the demographic profile. Methods: This is a cross sectional study. Subjects were selected using systematic sampling. Patients attending the out patient psychiatric clinic, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, who fulfilled the criteria and able to give consent were included in this study. Diagnosis of schizophrenia was made using Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) for DSM-IV. Demographic profiles of the patients were obtained and anthropometric measurements were measured and classified according to Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC) of Asian population. Results: A total of 97 patients were included. The prevalence of overweight (BMI: 23.0- 27.4 kg/m2) was 39.2% (n=38), and the prevalence of obesity (BMI: >27.0 kg/m2) was 35.1% (n=34). BMI was higher among non-Chinese (Malay and Indian, p=.03) and those who had low total household income (p=.03). Sixty-two patients (63.9%) had high WC, which was associated with male (p=.003) and non-Chinese (p=.03). Conclusions: Obesity is highly prevalent among patients with schizophrenia. The risk factors for obesity include male, non-Chinese and those with low total income. The high WC among non-Chinese and male patients suggests that they are at a higher risk of developing obesity-related physical illnesses. These findings support that obesity is a common critical issue among schizophrenic patients, and it warrants serious clinical interventions.

    Study site: Psychiatric clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  7. Fulltext Antioxidant activity in children with ADHD – a comparison in untreated and treated subjects with normal children
    Ruchi, K., Anil Kumar, S., Sunil, G., Bashir, A., Prabhat, S.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2011;10(1):31-35.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequently encountered clinical condition in children. Based on DSM IV-TR criteria it can be sub-classified into three distinct types namely hyperactiveimpulsive, inattentive and combined. Materials and Methods: In the present study, salivary antioxidant activity (AOA) in children with ADHD was compared with age-matched normal control subjects, both as a whole and also with regard to the three subtypes. Additionally, the effect of therapy on the altered AOA levels was investigated following short term (
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  8. Validation of the Malay Version of Children Depression Inventory (CDI) among children and adolescents attending outpatient clinics in Kota Bharu, Kelantan
    Rosliwati MY, Rohayah H, Jamil BYM, Zaharah S
    Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2008;17:23-29.
    The aim of this study is to validate the Malay version of CDI among children and adolescents attending outpatient clinics at Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital (USM), Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Sixty children and adolescents attending outpatient clinics were interviewed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and completed the Malay version of CDI. Reliability and validity of the Malay version of CDI were analyzed. Validation study showed that the Malay version of CDI had a satisfactory reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.83). At the cut-off score of 18, the Malay version CDI had 90% sensitivity and 98% specificity in detecting depression. In conclusion, the Malay version of CDI has a satisfactory validity and reliability. Keywords :Children Depression Inventory, depression
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  9. Fulltext Prevalence & Experience Of Contact With Traditional Healers Among Patients With First-Episode Psychosis In Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Phang, C.K., Marhani, M., Salina, A.A.
    Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;19(2):1-9.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Patients with mental disorders in Malaysia often seek help from traditional healers prior to consulting psychiatric service. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence and experience of contact with traditional healers among patients with first-episode psychosis in Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL). Methods: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study of 50 in-patients with first-episode psychosis in HKL. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Clinical Version for Axis I Disorders (SCID-CV) was used for establishing diagnosis. Socio-demographic data, information on help-seeking pathways, and experience of contact with traditional healers were determined through face-to-face interview and semi-structured questionnaires. Results: Twenty seven (54%) of the patients had at least one contact with traditional healers prior to consulting psychiatric service, and it was the most popular first point of non-psychiatric help-seeking contact (48%). About a quarter of them (24%) had 3 or more contacts with traditional healers prior to consulting psychiatric service. The most common type of traditional treatment received was prayer (25, 96.3%). Only 2 patients (7.41%) reported having some beneficial effects from traditional treatments. There were two patients who reported having adverse experience with traditional healers. Among those who had sought help from traditional healers, one third was recommended by at least one of their traditional healers to seek medical help. Conclusion: History of contact with traditional healers prior to consulting psychiatric service was common among inpatients with first-episode psychosis in HKL. There may be potential meaningful collaborations between psychiatrists and traditional healers for better management of patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  10. Fulltext Help-seeking pathways for in-patients with first-episode psychosis in Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Phang CK, Marhani M, Salina AA
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2011;7(2):37-44.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Help-seeking pathway in psychiatry is the important link between the onset of a mental disorder and mental health service provision. Understanding of the help-seeking pathway can help us to device more effective strategies for early detection and treatment.
    Objectives: To determine the help-seeking pathways and treatment delaying factors of in-patients with first-episode psychosis in Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL). Methods: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study of 50 in-patients with first-episode psychosis in HKL. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV - Clinical Version for Axis I Disorders (SCID-CV) was used for establishing diagnosis. Socio-demographic data, information on help-seeking pathways, and treatment delaying factors were determined through face-to-face interview and semi-structured questionnaires.
    Results: The number of non-psychiatric helpseeking
    contacts prior to first consultation with psychiatric service ranged from 0 to 10. The mean number of contacts was 2.3 ( 2.6), and median was 1 (IQR = 0 to 3). About a third of them (32%) had three or more non-psychiatric contacts. The most common point of first non-psychiatric contact was with traditional healer 24 (48%), followed by general practitioners 12 (24%), and only 14 (28%) of them sought help directly from psychiatric service. The most common reason reported for delay in seeking psychiatric treatment was, “not aware that changes were related to mental illness” (74%).
    Conclusions: History of contacts with traditional healers was common among in-patients with first episode psychosis in HKL. Treatment delay was mainly contributed by factors related to lack of awareness on psychosis. More strategic mental health education program is needed for early detection and treatment of psychosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  11. Fulltext Anorexia nervosa with comorbid borderline personality disorder, major depression and homosexuality in a young Malay man: a case report
    Osman Che Bakar, Ainsah Omar
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2008;9(2):126-128.
    MyJurnal
    We aimed to report the first case of anorexia nervosa in a young Malaysian Malay homosexual man with underlying borderline personality disorder and major depression. Patient and parents were interviewed. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV was used to generate Axis-I diagnosis. The Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale was used to assess the severity of depression. His parents had marital discord. His father was overinvolved. Regarding anorexia nervosa, he had 163 cm height, 46kg weight and a body mass index (BMI) of 17 kg/m2. His four limbs had multiple scratch marks. Laboratory test results showed anemia, leukocytosis and hypoalbuminemia. Family pathology, borderline personality disorder and homosexuality could be the risk factors of anorexia nervosa in this patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  12. Fulltext Associated factors of sex offenders
    Norliza, C., Salina, A.A., Hatta, M.S., Mohaad Adam, B.
    Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2014;23(1):27-36.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors for sex offenders. Methods: This is a cross sectional study comparing two groups using a combination of survey methodology and personal interviews. The data was collected over a period of six months from January 2004 until June 2004. All convicted sex offenders in respective prisons who are available until July 2004 was included in the study. A control group of non-sex offenders were chosen from the same prisons. The non-sex offenders were matched to the sex offenders group in term of the length of their sentence. Data was gathered using the self generated questionnaire, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III-R, SCID and Personality Diagnostic Questionnaires. Results: Religion, education level, history of physical abuse and no history of substance abuse and dependence towards sex offenders. Conclusion: Offenders who only committed sexual offences have some characteristics which differ from other sex offenders who committed non sexual offences as well. Low or no formal education, had history of physical abuse were associated with sex offenders. No history of substance abuse and dependence were associated with no sex offenders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  13. Fulltext Clinical correlates of erectile dysfunction among male patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) in Kuala Lumpur
    Nik Ruzyanei, N.J., Noormazita, M., Azlin, B., Normala, I., Hazli, Z., Abdul Aziz, S., et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2012;8(1):27-35.
    MyJurnal
    Sexual dysfunction is common but not often assessed in the routine clinical care among males on opiate substitute treatment.
    Objective: To determine the association between clinical variables and erectile dysfunction (ED) among men on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).
    Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 108 participants who attended the Drug Clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur. The instruments used include the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorder (SCID-I), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15).
    Results: Concurrent heroin abuse was significantly associated with presence of ED (p=0.024). Treatment factors including methadone dose and duration of methadone treatment were not significantly associated with ED.
    Conclusion: Education on sexual dysfunction as a potential adverse effect and its association with illicit heroin use should be considered in the doctor-patient consultation to encourage treatment adherence and abstinence from heroin.
    Study site: Drug Clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  14. Rapid response to methylphenidate as an add-on therapy to mirtazapine in the treatment of major depressive disorder in terminally ill cancer patients: a four-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study
    Ng CG, Boks MP, Roes KC, Zainal NZ, Sulaiman AH, Tan SB, et al.
    Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 2014 Apr;24(4):491-8.
    PMID: 24503279 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.01.016
    This is a 4 week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to examine the effects of methylphenidate as add-on therapy to mirtazapine compared to placebo for treatment of depression in terminally ill cancer patients. It involved 88 terminally ill cancer patients from University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. They were randomized and treated with either methylphenidate or placebo as add on to mirtazapine. The change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score from baseline to day 3 was analyzed by linear regression. Changes of MADRS and Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) over 28 days were analyzed using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM). Secondary analysis of MADRS response rates, defined as 50% or more reduction from baseline score. A significantly larger reduction of Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score in the methylphenidate group was observed from day 3 (B=4.14; 95% CI=1.83-6.45). Response rate (defined as 50% or more reduction from baseline MADRS score) in the methylphenidate treated group was superior from day 14. Improvement in Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) was greater in the methylphenidate treated group from day 3 until day 28. The drop-out rates were 52.3% in the methylphenidate group and 59.1% in the placebo group (relative risk=0.86, 95%CI=0.54-1.37) due to cancer progression. Nervous system adverse events were more common in methylphenidate treated subjects (20.5% vs 9.1%, p=0.13). In conclusions, methylphenidate as add on therapy to mirtazapine demonstrated an earlier antidepressant response in terminally ill cancer patients, although at an increased risk of the nervous system side effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  15. Fulltext Group cognitive behavioural therapy (GCBT) versus group exposure and response prevention (GERP) for obsessive–compulsive disorder and comorbid depression: a clinical study in Iran
    Nasim Seyedsalehi, Rohany Nasir, Wan Shahrazad Wan Sulaiman, Ashkan Seyedsalehi, Sadaf Seyedsalehi
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2018;19(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: The objective of this study to assess the comparative effectiveness of exposure and response prevention (GERP) and cognitive-behaviour therapy (GCBT) in a group of Iranian patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and comorbid depression symptoms (CDS).

    Methods: Ninety OCD patients were selected (both genders, married or unmarried and ages from 18-65 years) using a non-probability sampling (availability sampling) procedure. The respondents subsequently sampled via cluster randomization into three equal groups: a control group (n = 30) that did not receive any treatment intervention during the study and two other groups who received 12 weeks of psychotherapy in the form of GERP (n=30) or GCBT (n=30). This study obtained the required data through a clinical interview with all participants based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders text revision (DSM-IV-TR). The statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni correction and Pearson correlations.

    Result: We found that GCBT and GERP are effective treatments for alleviating OCD symptoms among patients. The results demonstrated that OCD scores were significantly reduced among participants after receiving GCBT and GERP treatments, with mean (standard deviation, SD) changes of 0.829 (0.287) and 0.970 (0.258), respectively. The study measured CDS through the Persian-language version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II-PERSIAN). The study further found a significant correlation between OCD and CDS. The findings suggested that GCBT and GERP improved comorbid depression symptoms (CDS) significantly with mean (SD) changes of 13.57 (3.92) and 12.85 (4.50) respectively.

    Conclusion: GCBT and GERP separately produced equivalent improvements for OCD and CDS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  16. Sex differences in PTSD symptoms: A differential item functioning approach
    Murphy S, Elklit A, Chen YY, Ghazali SR, Shevlin M
    Psychol Trauma, 2019 Mar;11(3):319-327.
    PMID: 29723027 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000355
    OBJECTIVE: Evidence has suggested there are sex differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom expression; however, few studies have assessed whether these differences are due to measurement invariance. This study aimed to examine sex differences in PTSD symptoms based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) using differential item functioning (DIF).

    METHOD: Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the DSM-5 model of PTSD, followed by a multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model to examine possible DIF using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. Data were analyzed from a Malaysian adolescent sample (n = 481) of which 61.7% were female, with a mean age of 17.03 years.

    RESULTS: The results indicated the presence of DIF for 2 of 20 PTSD criteria. Females scored significantly higher on emotional cue reactivity (B4), and males reported significantly higher rates of reckless or self-destructive behavior (E2) while statistically controlling for the latent variables in the model. However, the magnitude of these item-level differences was small.

    CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that despite the presence of DIF for 2 DSM-5 symptoms, this does not provide firm support for nonequivalence across sex. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  17. Alternative models of DSM-5 PTSD: Examining diagnostic implications
    Murphy S, Hansen M, Elklit A, Yong Chen Y, Raudzah Ghazali S, Shevlin M
    Psychiatry Res, 2018 04;262:378-383.
    PMID: 28917443 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.011
    The factor structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been extensively debated with evidence supporting the recently proposed seven-factor Hybrid model. However, despite myriad studies examining PTSD symptom structure few have assessed the diagnostic implications of these proposed models. This study aimed to generate PTSD prevalence estimates derived from the 7 alternative factor models and assess whether pre-established risk factors associated with PTSD (e.g., transportation accidents and sexual victimisation) produce consistent risk estimates. Seven alternative models were estimated within a confirmatory factor analytic framework using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Data were analysed from a Malaysian adolescent community sample (n = 481) of which 61.7% were female, with a mean age of 17.03 years. The results indicated that all models provided satisfactory model fit with statistical superiority for the Externalising Behaviours and seven-factor Hybrid models. The PTSD prevalence estimates varied substantially ranging from 21.8% for the DSM-5 model to 10.0% for the Hybrid model. Estimates of risk associated with PTSD were inconsistent across the alternative models, with substantial variation emerging for sexual victimisation. These findings have important implications for research and practice and highlight that more research attention is needed to examine the diagnostic implications emerging from the alternative models of PTSD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  18. Fulltext A preliminary study on the specificity and sensitivity values and inter-rater reliability of MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) in Malaysia
    Mukhtar F, Abu Bakar AK, Mat Junus M, Awaludin A, Abdul Aziz S, Midin M, et al.
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2012;13(2):157-164.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: The MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) is a short, structured diagnostic interview compatible with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV). It was designed for clinical practice, research in psychiatric, primary care settings and epidemiological surveys. This preliminary study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Malaysian Version of MINI for Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms criteria only.

    Methods: Six hours of MINI training was given as part of a National Health Morbidity Survey training program for layman interviewers (n=229) and three videos were prepared by an expert psychiatrist for inter-rater reliability purposes. Meanwhile, for validity purposes, the MINI was administered to patients with Major Depressive Disorder (n=30), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (n=20) and to a normal population (n=60), to conform against the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-IV) that was administered by psychiatrists.

    Results: Overall the inter-rater reliability was satisfactory (0.67 to 0.85) and the concordance between the MINI’s and expert diagnoses was good, with kappa values of greater than 0.88.

    Conclusions: The Malay version of the MINI is adjusted to the clinical setting and for the assessment of positive cases in a community setting. Modifications were highlighted to correct any identified problems and to improve the reliability of the MINI for future research and clinical use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  19. Fulltext The Malay posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (MPCLC-5) as screening tool for ptsd: determination of cut-off point against clinician administered PTSD scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5)
    Muhammad Najib Mohamad Alwi, Rafidah Bahari
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(107):13-17.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition which develops following exposure to life-threatening events. This cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients from all walks of life who had injuries related to motor vehicle accidents to determine the cut-off point of the Malay Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist For DSM-5 (MPCLC-5) for its use as a screening tool for PTSD in the Malaysian population. Methods: Using convenient sampling method, 204 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited and they were given the 17 item self-rated MPCLC-5 to fill up. Subsequently, trained personnel administered the gold standard Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM 5 (CAPS-5). ROC curve analysis was done to determine appropriate cut-off point for the MPCLC-5. Results: Cut off point of 42/43 would yield the most preferable sensitivity and specificity for MPCLC-5 when compared to CAPS-5 (Sensitivity: 67.56% (95%CI 55.68% to 78.00%); Specificity : 80% (95% CI 72.08% to 86.50%) ). Conclusion: The easy to administer MPCLC-5 is suitable for screening of PTSD among local patients with a proposed cut off point of 42/43.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  20. Fulltext Coping Styles and Clinical Factors in Relation to Quality of Life among Patients with Schizophrenia
    Mohd Badi, M., Osman, C.B., Anisah, O.
    Medicine & Health, 2008;3(1):14-21.
    MyJurnal
    This is a cross sectional study examining quality of life in relation to coping styles among patients with Schizophrenia (N=92) in remission, from June 2002 to December 2002.Remission state is determined by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). The psychiatric diagnosis was made by treating psychiatrist using the Clinical Interview Schedule for the DSM-IV Diagnosis. They are subsequently asked to complete demographic and clinical data questionnaire and followed by 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) of the Medical Outcome Study (MOS) for the assessment of quality of life and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (CISS). The QOL in term of overall mental health among patients with schizophrenia was significantly and positively associated with ethnic group (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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